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21.发明授权Micromechanical transient sensor for measuring viscosity and density of a fluid 失效用于测量流体的粘度和密度的微机械瞬态传感器公开(公告)号：US06311549B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-06
申请号：US09401865
申请日：1999-09-23
IPC分类号： G01N1110
CPC分类号： G01N29/022 , G01N9/002 , G01N11/16 , G01N29/30 , G01N29/343 , G01N29/46 , G01N2009/006 , G01N2291/0256 , G01N2291/02818 , G01N2291/0427
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring the viscosity and/or specific density of a fluid utilizes a microcantilever vibrated in the analyte fluid. The source of vibration is switched on and off and the transient behavior or decay in amplitude of the vibration is monitored. The method is particularly useful for the measurement of process conditions in remote locations in real time.
摘要翻译： 用于测量流体的粘度和/或比重密度的方法和装置利用在分析物流体中振动的微悬臂梁。 振动源开启和关闭，并监测振动振幅的瞬态特性或衰减。 该方法对于实时测量偏远地区的工艺条件特别有用。
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公开(公告)号：US06005400A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-21
申请号：US916345
申请日：1997-08-22
IPC分类号： G01R31/26 , G01R31/265 , G01R31/28 , H01L21/66 , G01R1/04
CPC分类号： G01R31/2656 , G01R31/2648 , G01R31/2831 , H01L22/14 , Y10S977/854
摘要： A semiconductor doping profiler provides a Schottky contact at one surface and an ohmic contact at the other. While the two contacts are coupled to a power source, thereby establishing an electrical bias in the semiconductor, a localized light source illuminates the semiconductor to induce a photocurrent. The photocurrent changes in accordance with the doping characteristics of the semiconductor in the illuminated region. By changing the voltage of the power source the depth of the depletion layer can be varied to provide a three dimensional view of the local properties of the semiconductor.
摘要翻译： 半导体掺杂轮廓仪在一个表面提供肖特基接触，在另一个表面提供欧姆接触。 当两个触点耦合到电源时，由此在半导体中建立电偏压，局部光源照射半导体以引起光电流。 光电流根据照明区域中的半导体的掺杂特性而变化。 通过改变电源的电压，可以改变耗尽层的深度以提供半导体的局部性质的三维视图。
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公开(公告)号：US5918263A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-29
申请号：US052252
申请日：1998-03-31
申请人： Thomas G. Thundat
发明人： Thomas G. Thundat
CPC分类号： G01N33/0057
摘要： Methods and apparatus for detecting the presence of explosives by analyzing a vapor sample from the suspect vicinity utilize at least one microcantilever. Explosive gas molecules which have been adsorbed onto the microcantilever are subsequently heated to cause combustion. Heat, along with momentum transfer from combustion, causes bending and a transient resonance response of the microcantilever which may be detected by a laser diode which is focused on the microcantilever and a photodetector which detects deflection of the reflected laser beam caused by heat-induced deflection and resonance response of the microcantilever.
摘要翻译： 通过分析来自可疑附近的蒸汽样品来检测爆炸物的存在的方法和装置利用至少一个微悬臂梁。 随后将已经吸附到微悬臂梁上的爆炸性气体分子加热以引起燃烧。 热量以及来自燃烧的动量传递引起微型悬臂梁的弯曲和瞬态谐振响应，其可以由聚焦在微悬臂梁上的激光二极管检测，以及检测由热诱导偏转引起的反射激光束的偏转的光电检测器 和微悬臂梁的共振响应。
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公开(公告)号：US08080796B1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-20
申请号：US12828064
申请日：2010-06-30
IPC分类号： G01J5/00
CPC分类号： G01J3/42 , A61B5/0071 , A61B5/444 , G01J3/10 , G01N21/3563 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/718 , G01N2021/1793 , G01N2021/399 , G01N2201/0616 , G01N2201/062
摘要： A system and method are disclosed for standoff spectroscopy of molecules (e.g. from a residue) on a surface from a distance. A source emits radiation that modifies or conditions the residue, such as through photodecomposition. A spectral generating source measures a spectrum of the residue before and after the residue is exposed to the radiation from that source. The two spectra are compared to produce a distinct identification of the residues on the surface or identify certain properties of the residue.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于离开远距离表面上的分子（例如来自残基）的间隔光谱的系统和方法。 源发射修改或调节残留物的辐射，例如通过光分解。 光谱产生源测量残留物在残留物暴露于该源的辐射之前和之后的光谱。 比较两个光谱以产生表面上残留物的不同鉴定或鉴定残留物的某些性质。
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公开(公告)号：US07961313B2
公开(公告)日：2011-06-14
申请号：US12189652
申请日：2008-08-11
IPC分类号： G01J3/30
CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 , G01N29/2418
摘要： A system and method are disclosed for generating a photoacoustic spectrum in an open or closed environment with reduced noise. A source may emit a beam to a target substance coated on a detector that measures acoustic waves generated as a result of a light beam being absorbed by the target substance. By emitting a chopped/pulsed light beam to the target substance on the detector, it may be possible to determine the target's optical absorbance as the wavelength of light is changed. Rejection may decrease the intensity of the acoustic waves on the detector while absorption may increase the intensity. Accordingly, an identifying spectrum of the target may be made with the intensity variation of the detector as a function of illuminating wavelength.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于在具有降低的噪声的开放或封闭环境中产生光声谱的系统和方法。 源可以向涂覆在检测器上的目标物质发射光束，其测量由于光束被目标物质吸收的结果而产生的声波。 通过向检测器上的目标物质发射切碎/脉冲光束，可以随着光的波长变化来确定目标的光吸收。 抑制可以降低检测器上的声波的强度，而吸收可能增加强度。 因此，可以利用检测器的强度变化作为照明波长的函数来进行目标的识别光谱。
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公开(公告)号：US07924423B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-12
申请号：US12189663
申请日：2008-08-11
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/47 , G01N21/1702 , G01N29/2418 , G01N2021/1793 , G01N2021/4709 , G01N2021/4735 , G01N2291/0427
摘要： A system and method are disclosed for generating a reversed photoacoustic spectrum at a greater distance. A source may emit a beam to a target and a detector measures signals generated as a result of the beam being emitted on the target. By emitting a chopped/pulsed light beam to the target, it may be possible to determine the target's optical absorbance by monitoring the intensity of light collected at the detector at different wavelengths. As the wavelength of light is changed, the target may absorb or reject each optical frequency. Rejection may increase the intensity at the sensing element and absorption may decrease the intensity. Accordingly, an identifying spectrum of the target may be made with the intensity variation of the detector as a function of illuminating wavelength.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于在更大距离处产生反向光声谱的系统和方法。 源可以向目标发射波束，并且检测器测量作为射束在目标上发射的结果而产生的信号。 通过向目标发射切碎/脉冲光束，可以通过监测在不同波长的检测器处收集的光的强度来确定目标的光吸收。 当光的波长改变时，目标物可以吸收或拒绝每个光学频率。 抑制可能增加感测元件的强度，吸收可能会降低强度。 因此，可以利用检测器的强度变化作为照明波长的函数来进行目标的识别光谱。
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27.发明授权DNA and RNA sequencing by nanoscale reading through programmable electrophoresis and nanoelectrode-gated tunneling and dielectric detection 有权通过可编程电泳和纳米电极门控隧道和电介质检测的纳米级读数进行DNA和RNA测序公开(公告)号：US06905586B2
公开(公告)日：2005-06-14
申请号：US10055881
申请日：2002-01-28
申请人： James W. Lee , Thomas G. Thundat
发明人： James W. Lee , Thomas G. Thundat
IPC分类号： B01L3/00 , C12Q1/68 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： C12Q1/6869 , B01L3/502707 , B01L3/502761 , B01L2200/0647 , B01L2300/0645 , B01L2300/0896 , B01L2400/0421 , B82Y30/00 , C12Q2565/631 , C12Q2565/629 , C12Q2565/601
摘要： An apparatus and method for performing nucleic acid (DNA and/or RNA) sequencing on a single molecule. The genetic sequence information is obtained by probing through a DNA or RNA molecule base by base at nanometer scale as though looking through a strip of movie film. This DNA sequencing nanotechnology has the theoretical capability of performing DNA sequencing at a maximal rate of about 1,000,000 bases per second. This enhanced performance is made possible by a series of innovations including: novel applications of a fine-tuned nanometer gap for passage of a single DNA or RNA molecule; thin layer microfluidics for sample loading and delivery; and programmable electric fields for precise control of DNA or RNA movement. Detection methods include nanoelectrode-gated tunneling current measurements, dielectric molecular characterization, and atomic force microscopy/electrostatic force microscopy (AFM/EFM) probing for nanoscale reading of the nucleic acid sequences.
摘要翻译： 用于在单个分子上进行核酸（DNA和/或RNA）测序的装置和方法。 遗传序列信息是通过以纳米级的方式通过DNA或RNA分子碱基进行探索来获得的，就像看通过电影胶片一样。 该DNA测序纳米技术具有进行DNA测序的理论能力，最大速率约为每秒100万个碱基。 这种增强的性能可以通过一系列创新成为可能，包括：用于单个DNA或RNA分子通过的微调纳米间隙的新颖应用; 用于样品装载和分送的薄层微流体; 和可编程电场，用于精确控制DNA或RNA的运动。 检测方法包括纳米电极栅极隧道电流测量，电介质分子表征和用于核酸序列的纳米级读数的原子力显微镜/静电力显微镜（AFM / EFM）探测。
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公开(公告)号：US06436346B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-20
申请号：US09395630
申请日：1999-09-14
申请人： Mitchel J. Doktycz , Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Stephen F. Smith , Patrick I. Oden , William L. Bryan , James A. Moore , Thomas G. Thundat , Robert J. Warmack
发明人： Mitchel J. Doktycz , Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Stephen F. Smith , Patrick I. Oden , William L. Bryan , James A. Moore , Thomas G. Thundat , Robert J. Warmack
IPC分类号： G01N2520
CPC分类号： G01K17/006
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for detecting and monitoring micro-volumetric enthalpic changes caused by molecular reactions. Micro-machining techniques are used to create very small thermally isolated masses incorporating temperature-sensitive circuitry. The thermally isolated masses are provided with a molecular layer or coating, and the temperature-sensitive circuitry provides an indication when the molecules of the coating are involved in an enthalpic reaction. The thermally isolated masses may be provided singly or in arrays and, in the latter case, the molecular coatings may differ to provide qualitative and/or quantitative assays of a substance.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于检测和监测由分子反应引起的微量焓变的方法和装置。 微加工技术用于创建非常小的热隔离块，并结合温度敏感电路。 热隔离的质量块设置有分子层或涂层，并且当涂层的分子参与焓反应时，温度敏感电路提供指示。 可以单独地或以阵列形式提供热分离的质量，并且在后一种情况下，分子涂层可以不同以提供物质的定性和/或定量测定。
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29.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6118124A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-12
申请号：US588484
申请日：1996-01-18
IPC分类号： G01J1/00 , B81B3/00 , G01J1/04 , G01J5/00 , G01J5/10 , G01J5/40 , G01J5/44 , G01N13/16 , G01T1/02 , G01J5/34
摘要： Electromagnetic and nuclear radiation is detected by micromechanical sensors that can be coated with various interactive materials. As the micromechanical sensors absorb radiation, the sensors bend and/or undergo a shift in resonance characteristics. The bending and resonance changes are detected with high sensitivity by any of several detection methods including optical, capacitive, and piezoresistive methods. Wide bands of the electromagnetic spectrum can be imaged with picoJoule sensitivity, and specific absorptive coatings can be used for selective sensitivity in specific wavelength bands. Microcantilevers coated with optical cross-linking polymers are useful as integrating optical radiation dosimeters. Nuclear radiation dosimetry is possible by fabricating cantilevers from materials that are sensitive to various nuclear particles or radiation. Upon exposure to radiation, the cantilever bends due to stress and its resonance frequency shifts due to changes in elastic properties, based on cantilever shape and properties of the coating.
摘要翻译： 电磁和核辐射由可以用各种交互材料涂覆的微机械传感器检测。 当微机械传感器吸收辐射时，传感器弯曲和/或经历谐振特性的偏移。 通过包括光学，电容和压阻方法的几种检测方法中的任何一种，以高灵敏度检测弯曲和谐振变化。 电磁光谱的宽带可以用微微焦灵敏感度成像，并且特定吸收涂层可用于特定波长带中的选择性灵敏度。 涂有光学交联聚合物的微悬臂梁可用作整合光学辐射剂量计。 可以通过从对各种核粒子或辐射敏感的材料制造悬臂来进行核辐射剂量测定。 暴露于辐射后，基于悬臂形状和涂层性质，悬臂由于应力而引起弯曲，并且由于弹性性质的变化而引起的共振频率偏移。
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公开(公告)号：US07972865B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-05
申请号：US12198580
申请日：2008-08-26
CPC分类号： G01N27/18
摘要： A sensor for detecting and differentiating chemical analytes includes a microscale body having a first end and a second end and a surface between the ends for adsorbing a chemical analyte. The surface includes at least one conductive heating track for heating the chemical analyte and also a conductive response track, which is electrically isolated from the heating track, for producing a thermal response signal from the chemical analyte. The heating track is electrically connected with a voltage source and the response track is electrically connected with a signal recorder. The microscale body is restrained at the first end and the second end and is substantially isolated from its surroundings therebetween, thus having a bridge configuration.
摘要翻译： 用于检测和分化化学分析物的传感器包括具有第一端和第二端的微型体，以及用于吸附化学分析物的端部之间的表面。 表面包括用于加热化学分析物的至少一个导电加热轨道以及与加热轨迹电隔离的导电响应轨迹，用于产生来自化学分析物的热响应信号。 加热轨道与电压源电连接，并且响应轨道与信号记录器电连接。 微型体在第一端和第二端处被约束，并且与它们之间的环境基本隔离，因此具有桥接构造。
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