摘要:
A plurality of stages is employed to reduce the total organic carbon (TOC) content of a brine by-product stream to produce a recyclable brine stream having a TOC content of less than about 10 ppm. In a first stage treatment, a brine by-product stream may be subjected to chlorinolysis at a temperature of less than about 125 0C to obtain a chlorinolysis product having a TOC content of less than about 100 ppm, which may be treated in a second stage with activated carbon to obtain a TOC content of less than about 10 ppm. The chlorinolysis may be a reaction with sodium hypochlorite, which may be produced in situ by treatment of the brine by-product stream with chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide. The brine by-product stream may contain a high amount of difficult to remove glycerin, such as a brine by-product stream from the production of epichlorohydrin from glycerin.
摘要:
A process for making a polymer foam sheet, which comprises (i) extruding through an annular extrusion die a foamable composition comprising at least one polypropylene polymer and at least one blowing agent, at a pressure, temperature, and extrusion rate sufficient to prevent foaming of the composition prior to exiting the die, under conditions sufficient to form a foam tube having a density of at least 16 kg/m3 and no greater than 200 kg/m3, an open cell content of less than 70 percent, a circumference of at least 1 meter, and a foam thickness of at least 2 mm and no greater than 25 mm, wherein the blowing agent is used in an amount of from 0.2 to 4.5 moles per kg of polymer, (ii) allowing the foam to cool to a temperature below the melt temperature of the polypropylene, and (iii) cutting the tube of foam along its radius to form a foam sheet, wherein at least 70 percent by weight of the polymer in such sheet is a polypropylene having a melt strength in the range of from 25 to 60 cN when measured at 190° C.
摘要翻译:一种制备聚合物泡沫片的方法,其包括(i)通过环形挤出模挤出包含至少一种聚丙烯聚合物和至少一种发泡剂的可发泡组合物,其压力,温度和挤出速率足以防止发泡 在足以形成具有至少16kg / m 3且不大于200kg / m 3的密度的泡沫管的条件下离开模具之前的组合物,开孔的含量小于70%,至少为周长 1米,泡沫厚度为至少2mm且不大于25毫米,其中发泡剂的用量为每公斤聚合物0.2至4.5摩尔,(ii)使泡沫体冷却至温度 低于聚丙烯的熔融温度,和(iii)沿着其半径切割泡沫管,以形成泡沫片,其中该片材中至少70重量%的聚合物是熔体强度范围为 从25到60 cN en在190℃测量
摘要:
Coating formulations which behave as elastic solids having reversible stress-induced fluidity are prepared by creating a fluid having distributed therein effective amounts of ionic charge sites and countercharge sites. For instance, elastic solids having reversible stress-induced fluidity are prepared by combining liquid formulations with a dispersion of a small, but effective, amount of at least one crystalline mixed metal hydroxide conforming substantially to the formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+n.multidot.a) (A.sup.n).sub.a .multidot.xH.sub.2 Owhere m is zero to one, D is a divalent metal, d is from zero to 4, T is a trivalent metal, A represents at least one anion or negative-valence radical of valence n and a is the amount of A, where n is 1 or more, (m+2d+3+n.multidot.a) is equal to or greater than 3, (m+d) is greater than zero, and xH.sub.2 O represents excess waters of hydration, if any. The coating formulations include, for example, paints, resin coatings, adhesives, de-icers, curable coatings, dryable coatings, and hardenable coatings.
摘要:
Improved low temperature properties of polyureaurethane are obtained, such as low glass transition temperatures and reduced bending moduli at -400.degree. C., by the use of relatively high moleuclar weight polyether polyol intermediates. The polyureaurethane is made by reacting the polyether polyol intermediate with a diisocyanate and subsequent cure with a metal halide salt complex of methylenedianiline.
摘要:
Olefins are polymerized in the presence of chromium-containing catalysts which have been improved by depositing the chromium onto the inorganic oxide support in the vapor phase rather than as an inorganic or organic compound. The resulting polymers exhibit a higher molecular weight as compared to those polymers prepared in the presence of such chromium-containing catalysts prepared in the conventional manner.
摘要:
Inorganic oxide supported chromium-containing catalysts are improved by depositing the chromium onto the inorganic oxide support in the vapor phase rather than as an inorganic or organic compound. Polymers resulting from polymerizing one or more .alpha.-olefins in the presence of such catalysts exhibit a higher molecular weight as compared to those polymers prepared in the presence of such chromium-containing catalysts prepared in the conventional manner.
摘要:
Copper is removed from spent solutions of complexing agents containing cuprous aluminum tetrahalide, such as CuAlCl.sub.4.toluene by (1) contacting said solutions with water so as to form a precipitate of cuprous halide, an aqueous phase and an organic phase; (2) oxidizing the cuprous halide to cupric halide thereby rendering it water soluble; (3) separating the organic phase and aqueous phase, (4) contacting the aqueous phase with an environmentally suitable metal higher than copper from the electromotive series, such as aluminum, thereby precipitating copper metal and (5) separating the precipitated copper metal from the aqueous salt-containing mixture.Alternatively, the spent complex solutions can be contacted with 1 molar to 6 molar aqueous solution of a non-oxidizing acid such as HCl thereby eliminating the necessity of the oxidizing step (2) since the cuprous halide is soluble in the acidified aqueous phase.
摘要:
The invention is an adhesive composition comprising: a) an isocyanate functional polyether base prepolymers having a z molecular weight average (Mz) of about 10,000 to about 80,000 g/mole; a carbon black having an average oil absorption number of at least about 80 to at most about 400 cubic centimeters of dibutyl phthalate per 100 grams of the carbon black; (c) reactive silicon in an amount from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight of the adhesive composition; and (d) one or more catalysts for the reaction of isocyanate with hydroxyl groups. The adhesive compositions of the invention surprisingly may have improved sag performance (i.e., decreased sag) when heated, while also making them more easily pumped.
摘要:
A gas mixer (10) for mixing a first gas stream with a second gas stream includes an impact labyrinth (24) in the first gas stream having structures (25), e.g., corrugated walls, forming a tortuous path through which the first gas stream must pass en route to a mixing point (20) in the gas mixer. The labyrinth fosters ignition of particles entrained in the first gas stream. Elongate, straight pipes (30) receive the first gas stream from the impact labyrinth (24) and carrying the first gas stream to the mixing point (20) the pipes (30) are positioned with a vessel (12) carrying the second gas stream. The pipes (30) have openings which are substantially aligned with the flow direction of the second gas stream at the mixing point (20) thereby introducing the first gas stream into the second gas stream in a low shear manner.
摘要:
A hydrocarbon-containing gas is mixed with an oxygen gas in a gas mixer in the presence of coarse water droplet environment, e.g., a ‘rainy’ or ‘driving rainstorm’ environment in which the water droplets generally have a size greater than 200 microns SMD. The water droplets surround and contact entrained particles in either the oxygen gas stream or the hydrocarbon-containing gas stream. The water acts to suppress, prevent and quench ignition of the hydrocarbon gas in the mixer which would otherwise be caused by energetic collisions between such particles and structures within the gas mixer. In one configuration the gas mixer includes water pipes having coarse water droplet-producing nozzles at the peripheral end thereof concentrically located within oxygen supply pipes. Additionally, nozzles introduce coarse water droplets into a pipe carrying the hydrocarbon gas and forming a mixing chamber for the hydrocarbon and oxygen gases.