公开(公告)号：US07514353B2

公开(公告)日：2009-04-07

申请号：US11385344

申请日：2006-03-20

Applicant: Timothy W. Weidman ,  Kapila P. Wijekoon ,  Zhize Zhu ,  Avgerinos V. (Jerry) Gelatos ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Arulkumar Shanmugasundram ,  Michael X. Yang ,  Fang Mei ,  Farhad K. Moghadam

Inventor： Timothy W. Weidman ,  Kapila P. Wijekoon ,  Zhize Zhu ,  Avgerinos V. (Jerry) Gelatos ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Arulkumar Shanmugasundram ,  Michael X. Yang ,  Fang Mei ,  Farhad K. Moghadam

IPC: H01L21/4763

CPC classification number: C23C18/1678 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C23C16/0227 ,  C23C16/0281 ,  C23C16/045 ,  C23C16/14 ,  C23C18/1608 ,  C23C18/1651 ,  C23C18/1653 ,  C23C18/31 ,  C23C18/32 ,  C23C18/34 ,  C23C18/38 ,  C23C18/40 ,  C23C18/48 ,  C25D5/34 ,  H01L21/02063 ,  H01L21/02074 ,  H01L21/28518 ,  H01L21/28556 ,  H01L21/288 ,  H01L21/2885 ,  H01L21/76814 ,  H01L21/76843 ,  H01L21/76844 ,  H01L21/76846 ,  H01L21/76847 ,  H01L21/76849 ,  H01L21/76855 ,  H01L21/76856 ,  H01L21/76861 ,  H01L21/76862 ,  H01L21/76874 ,  H01L21/76877 ,  H01L21/76879 ,  H01L23/53238 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide methods of filling contact level features formed in a semiconductor device by depositing a barrier layer over the contact feature and then filing the layer using an PVD, CVD, ALD, electrochemical plating process (ECP) and/or electroless deposition processes. In one embodiment, the barrier layer has a catalytically active surface that will allow the electroless deposition of a metal on the barrier layer. In one aspect, the electrolessly deposited metal is copper or a copper alloy. In one aspect, the contact level feature is filled with a copper alloy by use of an electroless deposition process. In another aspect, a copper alloy is used to from a thin conductive copper layer that is used to subsequently fill features with a copper containing material by use of an ECP, PVD, CVD, and/or ALD deposition process. In one embodiment, a portion of the barrier layer is purposely allowed to react with traces of residual oxide at the silicon junction of the contact level feature to form a low resistance connection.

Abstract translation: 本发明的实施例通常提供了通过在接触特征上沉积阻挡层然后使用PVD，CVD，ALD，电化学电镀工艺（ECP）和/或无电镀沉积来填充层来填充形成在半导体器件中的接触电平特征的方法 过程。 在一个实施例中，阻挡层具有催化活性表面，其将允许在阻挡层上无电沉积金属。 一方面，无电沉积金属是铜或铜合金。 在一个方面，通过使用无电镀沉积工艺，用铜合金填充接触层的特征。 另一方面，铜合金用于从导电铜层薄层中，该铜层用于随后通过使用ECP，PVD，CVD和/或ALD沉积工艺用含铜材料填充特征。 在一个实施例中，阻挡层的一部分有意地被允许与触点电平特征的硅结处的痕迹的残余氧化物反应以形成低电阻连接。

公开(公告)号：US20090081866A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-26

申请号：US12239046

申请日：2008-09-26

Applicant: SANG-HYEOB LEE ,  Avgerinos V. Gelatos ,  Kai Wu ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Ross Marshall ,  Emily Renuart ,  Wing-Cheong Gilbert Lai ,  Jing Lin

Inventor： SANG-HYEOB LEE ,  Avgerinos V. Gelatos ,  Kai Wu ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Ross Marshall ,  Emily Renuart ,  Wing-Cheong Gilbert Lai ,  Jing Lin

IPC: H01L21/44

CPC classification number: C23C16/42 ,  C23C16/45523 ,  H01L21/28556 ,  H01L21/28562 ,  H01L21/76843 ,  H01L21/76876 ,  H01L21/76877

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide an improved process for depositing tungsten-containing materials. The process utilizes soak processes and vapor deposition processes to provide tungsten films having significantly improved surface uniformity while increasing the production level throughput. In one embodiment, a method is provided which includes depositing a tungsten silicide layer on the substrate by exposing the substrate to a continuous flow of a silicon precursor while also exposing the substrate to intermittent pulses of a tungsten precursor. The method further provides that the substrate is exposed to the silicon and tungsten precursors which have a silicon/tungsten precursor flow rate ratio of greater than 1, for example, about 2, about 3, or greater. Subsequently, the method provides depositing a tungsten nitride layer on the tungsten suicide layer, depositing a tungsten nucleation layer on the tungsten nitride layer, and depositing a tungsten bulk layer on the tungsten nucleation layer.

Abstract translation: 本发明的实施方案提供了一种用于沉积含钨材料的改进方法。 该方法利用浸泡方法和气相沉积方法提供具有显着改善的表面均匀性的钨膜，同时提高生产水平的生产量。 在一个实施例中，提供了一种方法，其包括通过将衬底暴露于硅前体的连续流中而在衬底上沉积钨硅化物层，同时将衬底暴露于钨前体的间歇脉冲。 该方法还提供了将硅衬底暴露于硅/钨前体流速比大于1，例如约2，约3或更大的硅和钨前体。 随后，该方法提供在硅化钨层上沉积氮化钨层，在钨氮化物层上沉积钨成核层，并在钨成核层上沉积钨体层。

公开(公告)号：US20090004850A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-01

申请号：US12111923

申请日：2008-04-29

Applicant: SESHADRI GANGULI ,  SANG-HO YU ,  See-Eng Phan ,  Mei Chang ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Hyoung-Chan Ha

Inventor： SESHADRI GANGULI ,  SANG-HO YU ,  See-Eng Phan ,  Mei Chang ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Hyoung-Chan Ha

IPC: H01L21/44

CPC classification number: C23C16/18 ,  C23C16/42 ,  C23C16/45523 ,  C23C16/56 ,  H01L21/0206 ,  H01L21/02063 ,  H01L21/28518 ,  H01L21/2855 ,  H01L21/28556 ,  H01L21/28562 ,  H01L21/67207 ,  H01L21/68785 ,  H01L21/76843 ,  H01L21/76846 ,  H01L21/76855 ,  H01L29/665 ,  H01L29/78

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention described herein generally provide methods for forming cobalt silicide layers and metallic cobalt layers by using various deposition processes and annealing processes. In one embodiment, a method for forming a metallic silicide containing material on a substrate is provided which includes forming a metallic silicide material over a silicon-containing surface during a vapor deposition process by sequentially depositing a plurality of metallic silicide layers and silyl layers on the substrate, depositing a metallic capping layer over the metallic silicide material, heating the substrate during an annealing process, and depositing a metallic contact material over the barrier material. In one example, the metallic silicide layers and the metallic capping layer both contain cobalt. The cobalt silicide material may contain a silicon/cobalt atomic ratio of about 1.9 or greater, such as greater than about 2.0, or about 2.2 or greater.

Abstract translation: 本文描述的本发明的实施例通常提供通过使用各种沉积工艺和退火工艺来形成钴硅化物层和金属钴层的方法。 在一个实施例中，提供了一种用于在基板上形成含金属硅化物的材料的方法，其包括在气相沉积工艺期间在含硅表面上形成金属硅化物材料，通过在其上顺序地沉积多个金属硅化物层和甲硅烷基层 衬底，在所述金属硅化物材料上沉积金属覆盖层，在退火过程期间加热所述衬底，以及在所述阻挡材料上沉积金属接触材料。 在一个实例中，金属硅化物层和金属覆盖层都含有钴。 钴硅化物材料可以含有约1.9或更大，例如大于约2.0，或约2.2或更大的硅/钴原子比。

公开(公告)号：US20080280438A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-13

申请号：US12179002

申请日：2008-07-24

Applicant: Ken Kaung Lai ,  Ravi Rajagopalan ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Madhu Moorthy ,  Srinivas Gandikota ,  Joseph Castro ,  Aygerinos V. Gelatos ,  Cheryl Knepfler ,  Ping Jian ,  Hongbin Fang ,  Chao-Ming Huang ,  Ming Xi ,  Michael X. Yang ,  Hua Chung ,  Jeong Soo Byun

Inventor： Ken Kaung Lai ,  Ravi Rajagopalan ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Madhu Moorthy ,  Srinivas Gandikota ,  Joseph Castro ,  Aygerinos V. Gelatos ,  Cheryl Knepfler ,  Ping Jian ,  Hongbin Fang ,  Chao-Ming Huang ,  Ming Xi ,  Michael X. Yang ,  Hua Chung ,  Jeong Soo Byun

IPC: H01L21/44

CPC classification number: H01L21/28562 ,  C23C16/0281 ,  C23C16/08 ,  C23C16/14 ,  C23C16/45525 ,  H01L21/28556 ,  H01L21/76843 ,  H01L21/76855 ,  H01L21/76856 ,  H01L21/7687 ,  H01L21/76876 ,  H01L21/76877 ,  H01L2221/1089

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a method for forming a tungsten-containing layer on a substrate is provided which includes positioning a substrate containing a barrier layer disposed thereon in a process chamber, exposing the substrate to a first soak process for a first time period and depositing a nucleation layer on the barrier layer by flowing a tungsten-containing precursor and a reductant into the process chamber. The method further includes exposing the nucleation layer to a second soak process for a second time period and depositing a bulk layer on the nucleation layer. In one example, the barrier layer contains titanium nitride, the first and second soak processes independently comprise at least one reducing gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, silane, disilane, dichlorosilane, borane, diborane, derivatives thereof and combinations thereof and the nucleation layer may be deposited by an atomic layer deposition process or a pulsed chemical vapor deposition process while the bulk layer may be deposited by a chemical vapor deposition process or a physical vapor deposition process.

Abstract translation: 在本发明的一个实施例中，提供了一种在衬底上形成含钨层的方法，其包括将包含设置在其上的阻挡层的衬底定位在处理室中，将衬底暴露于第一次浸泡过程第一时间段 以及通过使含钨前体和还原剂流入所述处理室，在所述阻挡层上沉积成核层。 该方法还包括将成核层暴露于第二次浸泡过程第二时间段，并将沉积层沉积在成核层上。 在一个实例中，阻挡层包含氮化钛，第一和第二浸泡工艺独立地包含选自氢，硅烷，乙硅烷，二氯硅烷，硼烷，乙硼烷，其衍生物及其组合中的至少一种还原气体和成核 层可以通过原子层沉积工艺或脉冲化学气相沉积工艺沉积，同时可以通过化学气相沉积工艺或物理气相沉积工艺沉积主体层。

公开(公告)号：US07405158B2

公开(公告)日：2008-07-29

申请号：US11038592

申请日：2005-01-19

Applicant: Ken Kaung Lai ,  Ravi Rajagopalan ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Madhu Moorthy ,  Srinivas Gandikota ,  Joseph Castro ,  Averginos V. Gelatos ,  Cheryl Knepfler ,  Ping Jian ,  Hongbin Fang ,  Chao-Ming Huang ,  Ming Xi ,  Michael X. Yang ,  Hua Chung ,  Jeong Soo Byun

Inventor： Ken Kaung Lai ,  Ravi Rajagopalan ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Madhu Moorthy ,  Srinivas Gandikota ,  Joseph Castro ,  Averginos V. Gelatos ,  Cheryl Knepfler ,  Ping Jian ,  Hongbin Fang ,  Chao-Ming Huang ,  Ming Xi ,  Michael X. Yang ,  Hua Chung ,  Jeong Soo Byun

IPC: H01L21/44

CPC classification number: H01L21/28562 ,  C23C16/0281 ,  C23C16/08 ,  C23C16/14 ,  C23C16/45525 ,  H01L21/28556 ,  H01L21/76843 ,  H01L21/76855 ,  H01L21/76856 ,  H01L21/7687 ,  H01L21/76876 ,  H01L21/76877 ,  H01L2221/1089

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a method for forming a tungsten-containing layer on a substrate is provided which includes positioning a substrate containing a barrier layer disposed thereon in a process chamber, exposing the substrate to a first soak process for a first time period and depositing a nucleation layer on the barrier layer by flowing a tungsten-containing precursor and a reductant into the process chamber. The method further includes exposing the nucleation layer to a second soak process for a second time period and depositing a bulk layer on the nucleation layer. In one example, the barrier layer contains titanium nitride, the first and second soak processes independently comprise at least one reducing gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, silane, disilane, dichlorosilane, borane, diborane, derivatives thereof and combinations thereof and the nucleation layer may be deposited by an atomic layer deposition process or a pulsed chemical vapor deposition process while the bulk layer may be deposited by a chemical vapor deposition process or a physical vapor deposition process.

Abstract translation: 在本发明的一个实施例中，提供了一种在衬底上形成含钨层的方法，其包括将包含设置在其上的阻挡层的衬底定位在处理室中，将衬底暴露于第一次浸泡过程第一时间段 以及通过使含钨前体和还原剂流入所述处理室，在所述阻挡层上沉积成核层。 该方法还包括将成核层暴露于第二次浸泡过程第二时间段，并将沉积层沉积在成核层上。 在一个实例中，阻挡层包含氮化钛，第一和第二浸泡工艺独立地包含选自氢，硅烷，乙硅烷，二氯硅烷，硼烷，乙硼烷，其衍生物及其组合中的至少一种还原气体和成核 层可以通过原子层沉积工艺或脉冲化学气相沉积工艺沉积，同时可以通过化学气相沉积工艺或物理气相沉积工艺沉积主体层。

公开(公告)号：US20060128150A1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-15

申请号：US11009331

申请日：2004-12-10

Applicant: Srinivas Gandikota ,  Madhu Moorthy ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Avgerinos Gelatos ,  Mei Chang ,  Kavita Shah ,  Seshadri Ganguli

Inventor： Srinivas Gandikota ,  Madhu Moorthy ,  Amit Khandelwal ,  Avgerinos Gelatos ,  Mei Chang ,  Kavita Shah ,  Seshadri Ganguli

IPC: H01L21/44

CPC classification number: H01L21/28556 ,  C23C16/0281 ,  C23C16/06 ,  C23C16/45525 ,  C23C16/45529 ,  H01L21/28562 ,  H01L21/76843 ,  H01L21/76846 ,  H01L21/76862 ,  H01L21/76876 ,  H01L21/76877 ,  Y10T428/12771 ,  Y10T428/12812 ,  Y10T428/12861 ,  Y10T428/12875

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for depositing a tungsten-containing film on a substrate is provided which includes depositing a barrier layer on the substrate, such as a titanium or tantalum containing barrier layer and depositing a ruthenium layer on the barrier layer. The method further includes depositing a tungsten nucleation layer on the ruthenium layer and depositing a tungsten bulk layer on the tungsten nucleation layer. The barrier layer, the ruthenium layer, the tungsten nucleation layer and the tungsten bulk layer are independently deposited by an ALD process, a CVD process or a PVD process, preferably by an ALD process. In some examples, the substrate is exposed to a soak process prior to depositing a subsequent layer, such as between the deposition of the barrier layer and the ruthenium layer, the ruthenium layer and the tungsten nucleation layer or the tungsten nucleation layer and the tungsten bulk layer.

Abstract translation: 在一个实施例中，提供了一种在衬底上沉积含钨膜的方法，其包括在衬底上沉积阻挡层，例如含有钛或钽的阻挡层，并在阻挡层上沉积钌层。 该方法还包括在钌层上沉积钨成核层并在钨成核层上沉积钨体层。 优选通过ALD工艺，通过ALD工艺，CVD工艺或PVD工艺独立地沉积阻挡层，钌层，钨成核层和钨体层。 在一些实例中，在沉积后续层之前，例如在阻挡层和钌层的沉积，钌层和钨成核层或钨成核层和钨体之间，将衬底暴露于浸泡工艺 层。