摘要:
A probe has a metal tip on a cantilever. A diffused layer made from a metal silicide is formed at an interface between the tip and the cantilever. In the diffused layer, a material for forming the cantilever and a material for forming the tip are diffused.
摘要:
A MOS capacitor in which an insulating layer of thermal oxide film is disposed between the electrode 2 and the silicon wafer 1 is formed. While a light beam of an energy larger than 1.1 eV is irradiated on the electrode 2 and its periphery, electrons inject from the electrode 2 side (voltage is applied from the silicon wafer 1 side). The injected electrons are activated by the light irradiation. For both p-type or n-type semiconductor, the dielectric breakdown electric field strength can be precisely measured according to the degree of processing defects. The evaluation method is particularly effective for the n-type semiconductor wafer, which was difficult to evaluate by the prior art.
摘要:
There is disclosed a silver halide color photographic material having a red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, a green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, a blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, which comprises a cyan dye-forming coupler represented by formula (I) and (a) a monodisperse silver halide emulsion, (b) non-photosensitive silver halide emulsion wherein the inside or the surface of grains is fogged, (c) a colloidal silver, (d) negative-type interval latent image-type silver halide grains chemically sensitized to a defined depth from the surface, (e) a sensitizing dye containing a sulfonamide group, (f) three separated layers of high, medium, and low sensitivities, (g) two separated layers each having different content of iodine, (h) grains each having a defined spectral sensitivity distribution and a DIR-hydroquinone, or (i) a DIR-hydroquinone: formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R.sup.2 represents a substituent, X represents a hydrogen atom or a group capable of being released upon a coupling reaction of the coupler represented by formula (I) with the oxidized product of a color-developing agent, and Z.sup.1 represents a group of nonmetallic atoms required for forming a nitrogen-containing 6-membered heterocyclic ring, which contains at least one group capable of being dissociated.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a cantilever drive mechanism arranged in such a manner that a cantilever portion, in which a piezoelectric layer is disposed between electrode layers, and a circuit portion, which is positioned adjacent to the cantilever portion and which drives the cantilever, are formed on the same substrate. The method includes the steps of first forming the circuit portion and then forming the cantilever portion after the circuit portion has been formed.
摘要:
A probe of torsion lever structure is provided with a flat-plate driving unit formed on a substrate with a gap therebetween, two beams positioned along a straight line parallel to the substrate and rotatably supporting the flat plate-shaped driving unit relative to the substrate, a drive device for driving the flat plate-shaped driving unit, and a tip for information input/output provided at an end of the flat plate-shaped driving unit. The two beams are provided at a position between the end of the flat plate-shaped driving unit and the other end thereof, closer to the other end than the center between the end and the other end of the flat plate-shaped driving unit.
摘要:
On a silicon substrate, a silicon oxide layer, a first platinum layer, a dielectric film and a second platinum layer are formed, and then the second platinum layer and the dielectric film are dry etched, via a resist layer, in a 1-5 Pa low pressure region with a mixed gas of HBr and O.sub.2 as the etching gas. As soon as the first platinum layer is exposed, the unetched portion of dielectric film is etched off in a 5-50 Pa high pressure region, and then the first platinum layer is dry etched again in the low pressure region to form a capacitor consisting of a top electrode, a capacitance insulation layer and a bottom electrode in a semiconductor integrated circuit chip. Using this manufacturing method prevents the deterioration in definition caused by the use of a thick resist and the operation failure of circuit elements such as transistors due to over etching on the insulation layer.
摘要:
A silver halide color photographic material containing one or more imidazotriazole cyan couplers each having an electron attracting group with a .sigma.p of 0.35 or more in at least one layer on the support. The material provides a cyan color image having a sharp light absorption characteristic absorbing light having a relatively long wavelength falling within a narrow wavelength range. The imidazotriazole cyan coupler is of the following structural formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent; R.sub.2 represents an electron attracting group having a Hammett's constant value .sigma.p of 0.35 or ore; X represents a hydrogen atom or a group released by coupling with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent; and R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 may also be a divalent group forming a dimer or higher polymer, or they each may be bonded to a polymer chain to form a homopolymer or copolymer.
摘要:
A silver halide photographic material containing at least one dye forming coupler represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.0 represents a hydrogten atom or a substituent; R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 each represents a substituent; R.sub.2 represents an electron attracting group; X represents a hydrogen atom or a group releasable on coupling with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine derivative, and a silver halide photographic material containing the same are disclosed. The coupler of formula (I) exhibits excellent coupling activity and provides a dye which has a sharp absorption spectrum with no side absorption in the blue and green light regions and exhibits stability to light, heat and moisture and improved color reproducibility.
摘要:
There are disclosed substituted thiazole dye compounds represented by the following Formula (I):Formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a group capable of substitution onto a benzene ring, n is an integer of 1 to 4, x represents a substitutent capable of forming a hydrogen bond with the hydrogen of --CONH--, R.sub.2 represents an electron-attractive substituent, R.sub.3 represents a group capable of substitution onto a thiazole ring, and R.sub.4 represents an aromatic group or an unsaturated heterocyclic group that bonds to the nitrogen atom at a carbon atom having an unsaturated linkage.The dye compounds provide a cyan color which is good in hues and possesses fastness to light and heat.
摘要:
A silver halide photographic material is described comprising a support having coated thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer, wherein at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and other hydrophilic colloid layer contains a nondiffusible photographically useful compound having a sulfo group and a group represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represents an aliphatic group having at least 2 carbon atoms and r represents 0 or 1.The compounds represented by the general formula (I) are photographically useful compounds which impart excellent photographic properties to silver halide photographic materials, including improved dispersibility.