摘要:
The method according to the invention includes choosing a reaction presumed reaction mechanism; selecting, for said mechanism, at least one first function characteristic of a thermokinetic property that is invariant with the periodic variation frequency of a control parameter influencing said reaction, the first characteristic function being calculated at least from first-order oscillation amplitudes of the concentration of at least one of the species involved in said reaction. The method includes calculating a plurality of values of the first characteristic function from first-order oscillation amplitudes obtained experimentally and analyzing the calculated values of the first characteristic function to determine whether the first characteristic function is constant based on the calculated values, and if the first characteristic function is constant, assigning the presumed mechanism to said reaction.
摘要:
The present invention includes a removable microchannel unit including an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice in fluid communication with a plurality of microchannels distributed throughout the removable microchannel unit, and a pressurized vessel adapted have the removable microchannel unit mounted thereto, the pressurized vessel adapted to contain a pressurized fluid exerting a positive gauge pressure upon at least a portion of the exterior of the removable microchannel unit. The invention also includes a microchannel unit assembly comprising a microchannel unit operation carried out within a pressurized vessel, where pressurized vessel includes a pressurized fluid exerting a positive gauge pressure upon an exterior of the microchannel unit operation, and where the microchannel unit operation includes an outlet orifice in fluid communication with an interior of the pressurized vessel.
摘要:
The invention relates to a microreactor having a substrate (10, 20, 80) with at least one catalytically active material arranged in and/or on a cavity structure (14, 24, 84). The substrate (10, 20, 80) has a first layer (11, 21, 80) and optionally at least one additional layer (12, 22) of a ceramic material, with the first layer (11, 21, 80) being formed from a first component of a crystalline ceramic material and/or a glass material as the matrix and a second component of an additional crystalline ceramic material. The surface areas of the crystals and/or crystal agglomerates of the second component in the first layer (11, 21, 80) are etched out in at least some areas to form the cavity structure (14, 24, 84).
摘要:
Apparatus for the production of a product gas (eg hydrogen and ozone) comprises: a supply of reactant gas (eg oxygen and steam) (14); a pair of electrodes (24) with a space between them of less than 1 mm (28); a conduit to lead the reactant gas from the source through the space between the electrodes; a power source (26) to apply a voltage across the electrodes to dis sociate the reactant gas and ultimately permit formation of product gas; and a conduit (40) to supply the product gas to an outlet. sterilisation unit for water treatment employs such apparatus and includes a fluidic oscillator to oscillate the flow of oxygen and/or ozone, and wherein said outlet comprises a plurality of orifices (42) to be submerged in said water and for the purpose of forming micro bubbles of ozone. An analyser for detecting large organic molecules in eg air can employ the ozone generator to breakdown the large molecule into simpler and easier-to-detect-and-identify molecules.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for upgrading heavy liquid fractions resulting from oil refining, by combustion in a fluidized-bed chemical looping process. The method according to the invention allows to produce energy by oxidizing totally the heavy liquid feeds while allowing direct capture of the CO2 emitted in the combustion fumes. The method according to the invention also allows a synthesis gas to be produced.
摘要:
The present invention includes a removable microchannel unit including an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice in fluid communication with a plurality of microchannels distributed throughout the removable microchannel unit, and a pressurized vessel adapted have the removable microchannel unit mounted thereto, the pressurized vessel adapted to contain a pressurized fluid exerting a positive gauge pressure upon at least a portion of the exterior of the removable microchannel unit. The invention also includes a microchannel unit assembly comprising a microchannel unit operation carried out within a pressurized vessel, where pressurized vessel includes a pressurized fluid exerting a positive gauge pressure upon an exterior of the microchannel unit operation, and where the microchannel unit operation includes an outlet orifice in fluid communication with an interior of the pressurized vessel.
摘要:
Devices are provided for the controlled exposure of a sensor or sensor component. The device may include a substrate; at least one reservoir provided in the substrate; at least one sensor or sensor component located in the at least one reservoir; at least one reservoir cap closing an opening in the at least one reservoir to isolate the sensor or sensor component from a selected environmental component outside of the at least one reservoir; at least one intermediate barrier layer disposed in the at least one reservoir between the reservoir cap and the sensor or sensor component; and means for disintegrating the reservoir cap to expose the sensor or sensor component to the selected environmental component.
摘要:
A micro device which makes a plurality of fluids mixedly react while circulating these fluids as a thin-film laminar flow by joining these fluids into one microchannel through respective fluid supply passes to induce a velocity fluctuation in a microchannel longitudinal direction of the fluids by propagating infralow frequency vibration at a vibration frequency of 50 Hz or more and 1 kHz or less to the fluids which flow through the inside of the microchannel.
摘要:
A test unit for the study of catalysts in short contact time reactions between a catalyst and at least one reagent, with a down transported flow reactor (4), with a load inlet (13, 13a, 13b) and a discharge outlet (14) linked with an admission inlet (15) to an upper chamber (39) of a separator (5) internally divided into an upper chamber (39) and a lower chamber (41) by a porous element (40) that is permeable to gases and impermeable to solid particles of catalyst, and a first preheater (1) provided with an outlet (2, 2a) connected with the inlet (13, 13a, 13b) of the reactor (4) via a load duct (42) in such a way that arranged between the outlet (2, 2a) and the load inlet (13, 13a, 13b) are some obturator means (3, 3a) in which the catalyst is heated to a desired temperature before they are loaded into the reactor (4).
摘要:
Methods for operating a sensor device are provided, which may include (a) providing at a site (e.g., implanting in a patient) a device which comprises at least first and second reservoirs, a first sensor and corresponding first reference sensor located within the first reservoir, a second sensor and corresponding second reference sensor located within the second reservoir, a first reservoir cap closing an opening in the first reservoir and a second reservoir cap closing an opening in the second reservoir, and a power source, control circuitry, and electrodes for selectively disintegrating each reservoir cap; (b) disintegrating the first reservoir cap and operating the first sensor and reference sensor; and (c) using the first reference sensor to determine whether the first sensor is operating properly. If not operating properly, then the control circuitry initiates disintegration of the second reservoir cap and operation of the second sensor and reference sensor.