摘要:
Disclosed herein is a micro-reactor for synthesizing a molecule, for example, compound, a nanoparticle, or a quantum dot. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the apparatus comprises a processor, a storage unit, a reaction unit, a detector, and a collector, in which the storage unit and the reaction unit are independently controlled by the process. Optionally, the present micro-reactor further comprises a diagnostic device for performing a diagnostic test on a biological sample by use of the molecule. Also disclosed wherein are methods of diagnosing and treating a disease in a subject with the aid of the present micro-reactor.
摘要:
A process unit comprising: (a) a first microchannel module comprising: (i) a first unit operation including microchannels, in which at least a portion of a unit operation takes place, adapted to be in fluid communication with a first inlet stream and a first outlet stream, and (ii) a second unit operation including microchannels adapted to be in thermal communication with the first unit operation, the second unit operation adapted to be in fluid communication with a second inlet stream and a second outlet stream; and (b) a pressurized vessel at least partially containing the first microchannel module adapted to be concurrently occupied by a compressive medium in thermal communication with the first microchannel module.
摘要:
A method for determining a set of operating parameters for a commercial scale plug flow catalytic process and reactor system for hydroprocessing dirty feedstocks, comprises the steps of: feeding selected partial pressures of said feedstock and hydrogen to the inlet the first reactor stage of a first composite multi-stage series-connected laboratory scale plug flow reactor including at least three reactor stages, the catalyst beds of each of said reactor stages including catalyst particles capable of catalyzing the removal by hydrogen of heteroatoms from said heterocyclic molecules; sampling the effluents of each of said reactor stages; measuring the concentration of heterocyclic molecules in said dirty feedstock in the concentrations of heterocyclic molecules and intermediate and final products and by products of the catalytic reaction in the effluents of each of said reactor stages.
摘要:
Methods are provided for making a reservoir-based sensor device. The method may include fabricating a first substrate portion which comprises an upper surface, an opposed lower surface, a plurality of through holes defining reservoirs between said upper surface and said lower surface, and a plurality of reservoir caps closing off one end of said through holes at said upper surface; fabricating a plurality of sensors on an upper surface of a second substrate portion; aligning the first and second substrate portions such that each of said plurality of sensors is in alignment with each of said plurality of reservoirs; and bonding together the lower surface of said first substrate portion and the upper surface of said second substrate portion to seal each of said sensors inside the reservoir with which it is aligned.
摘要:
Chemical and biological reactors, including microreactors, are provided. Exemplary reactors include a plurality of reactors operable in parallel, where each reactor has a small volume and, together, the reactors produce a large volume of product. Reaction systems can include mixing chambers, heating/dispersion units, reaction chambers, and separation units. Components of the reactors can be readily formed from a variety of materials. For example, they can be etched from silicon. Components are connectable to and separable from each other to form a variety of types of reactors, and the reactors can be attachable to and separable from each other to add significant flexibility in parallel and/or series reactor operation.
摘要:
Chemical and biological reactors, including microreactors, are provided. Exemplary reactors include a plurality of reactors operable in parallel, where each reactor has a small volume and, together, the reactors produce a large volume of product. Reaction systems can include mixing chambers, heating/dispersion units, reaction chambers, and separation units. Components of the reactors can be readily formed from a variety of materials. For example, they can be etched from silicon. Components are connectable to and separable from each other to form a variety of types of reactors, and the reactors can be attachable to and separable from each other to add significant flexibility in parallel and/or series reactor operation.
摘要:
A solid-phase permethylation procedure is described. For example, solid-phase permethylation can be utilized to prepare permethylated linear and branched, neutral and sialylated oligosaccharides, which can be analyzed by MALDI-MS.
摘要:
A method of starting up and shutting down a microchannel process is provided. Included are the steps of providing a first multi-planar process unit, preferably adapted to process an endothermic reaction, a second multi-planar process unit, preferably adapted to process an exothermic reaction, providing a containment vessel, the containment vessel containing at least a portion of the first, and preferably the second, process unit. In startup, the microchannel process is first checked for pressure integrity by pressurizing and checking the important components of the process for leaks. Subsequently, the process units are heated by introducing a dilute low-thermal energy density material, preferably to the second process unit, followed by the introduction of a dilute high-thermal energy density material, and adjusting the proportion of high-thermal energy density material as required. In shutdown, a purge material from the containment vessel is introduced into the first, and preferably the second, process unit.
摘要:
Devices are provided for controlled release of chemical molecules, such as drugs or diagnostic agents. The devices comprises a substrate; a plurality of discrete reservoirs located in the substrate, wherein the reservoirs each have at least one opening at a surface of the substrate; chemical molecules, for release, disposed in the reservoirs; a rupturable barrier layer closing the at least one opening; and a pressure generating material disposed in the reservoirs, the pressure generating material being selected from the group consisting of water-swellable materials, osmotic pressure generating materials, and combinations thereof, wherein the chemical molecules can be selectively released from each reservoir by rupturing of the barrier layer, due to pressure generated by the pressure generating material.
摘要:
A microfluidic microchip includes a channel structure having a delivery channel connected in a substance conductive manner to a separation channel. Laterally offset discharge channels are at connection points displaced from a connection point between the delivery and separation channels. Between the connection points on the one hand and the connection point on the other are channel sections having concordant channel lengths. By imposing suitable electrical potentials along these channel sections, the filling volumes present in the channel sections are satisfactorily homogenous after a certain period of time to form a representative part of a substance specimen. Substance volume units are formed in these channel sections. The lengths of the volume units are determined exclusively by the lengths of the channel sections. Pulse-shaped substance volume sequences are injected into the separation channel. The signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement results is substantially improved by generating substance volume sequences on the basis of pseudo-randomly scattered binary digit sequences similar to Hadamard sequences, and by a cross-correlation analysis of spectra measured on the basis of such substance volume sequences.