Abstract:
A package for articles such as consumer goods that comprised security measures embedded within the package itself in order determine authenticity of goods is described. The package preferably comprises a packaging substrate material laminated to a face sheet having the security measures. The package may be printed with graphical indicia. The package may be authenticated by viewing the security measures, which may preferably be visible only under infrared light.
Abstract:
Multi-gate MOS transistors and fabrication methods are described, in which the transistor semiconductor body thickness or width is lithography independent, allowing scaled triple and quad-gate devices having semiconductor bodies smaller than a lateral gate length dimension. A form structure is provided over a semiconductor wafer starting structure, and spacers are formed along one or more sidewalls of an opening in the form structure. A semiconductor material is deposited in the opening by epitaxial growth or other deposition process, and the form structure and the spacer are removed. A gate structure is then formed along the top and sides of a central portion of the formed semiconductor body. The spacer may be L-shaped, providing an undercut or recess at the bottom of the semiconductor body sidewall, and the gate may be formed in the undercut area to allow fabrication of more than three gates.
Abstract:
The present invention pertains to forming a transistor in the absence of hydrogen, or in the presence of a significantly reduced amount of hydrogen. In this manner, a high-k material can be utilized to form a gate dielectric layer in the transistor and facilitate device scaling while mitigating defects that can be introduced into the high-k material by the presence of hydrogen and/or hydrogen containing compounds.
Abstract:
Methods and systems are disclosed that facilitate semiconductor fabrication by fabricating transistor devices having gate dielectrics with selectable thicknesses in different regions of semiconductor devices. The thicknesses correspond to operating voltages of the corresponding transistor devices. Furthermore, the present invention also provides systems and methods that can fabricate the gate dielectrics with high-k dielectric material, which allows a thicker gate dielectric than conventional silicon dioxide.
Abstract:
Methods are disclosed for treating deposited gate dielectric materials, in which the deposited dielectric is subjected to one or more non-oxidizing anneals to densify the material, one or more oxidizing anneals to mitigate material defects, and to a nitridation process to introduce nitrogen into the gate dielectric. The annealing may be performed before and/or after the nitridation to mitigate deposition and/or nitridation defects and to densify the material while mitigating formation of unwanted low dielectric constant oxides at the interface between the gate dielectric and the semiconductor substrate.
Abstract:
A system and method for manufacturing semiconductor devices with dielectric layers having a dielectric constant greater than silicon dioxide includes depositing a dielectric layer on a substrate and subjecting the dielectric layer to a plasma to reduce top surface roughness in the dielectric layer.
Abstract:
Multi-gate MOS transistors and fabrication methods are described, in which the transistor semiconductor body thickness or width is lithography independent, allowing scaled triple and quad-gate devices having semiconductor bodies smaller than a lateral gate length dimension. A form structure is provided over a semiconductor wafer starting structure, and spacers are formed along one or more sidewalls of an opening in the form structure. A semiconductor material is deposited in the opening by epitaxial growth or other deposition process, and the form structure and the spacer are removed. A gate structure is then formed along the top and sides of a central portion of the formed semiconductor body. The spacer may be L-shaped, providing an undercut or recess at the bottom of the semiconductor body sidewall, and the gate may be formed in the undercut area to allow fabrication of more than three gates.
Abstract:
Novel polypeptides comprising repetitive units of amino acids, as well as synthetic genes encoding the subject polypeptides are provided. The subject polypeptides are characterized by comprising repetitive units of amino acids, where the repetitive units are present in naturally occurring proteins, particularly naturally occurring structural proteins. The subject polypeptides find use in a variety of applications, such as structural components of prosthetic devices, synthetic fibers, and the like.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of the compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is OH, which comprises the steps of a) treating the compound of the formula ##STR2## with an inorganic fluoride, of the formula M.sup.2 F wherein M.sup.2 is an alkali metal cation, at an elevated temperature in the presence of a compound of the formula R.sup.4 P.sup.+ Z.sup.- and a compound of the formula R.sup.5 vic (COW).sub.2 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each selected from optionally substituted (C.sub.6 -C.sub.10)aryl and optionally substituted (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, and W is halo; to form the compound of the formula; ##STR3## and b) i) treating the compound of the formula IV with an aqueous solution of a base, of the formula MOH, wherein M is an alkali metal cation, andii) treating the product of step i) with a mineral acid. A compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of, halo, R.sup.7 O, R.sup.7 COO and N(R.sup.8).sub.2 wherein R.sup.7 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl or (C.sub.6 -C.sub.10)aryl and each R.sup.8 is selected from hydrogen and R.sup.7 with the proviso that R.sup.7 is not methyl when R.sup.1 is R.sup.7 O.
Abstract:
Methods are provided for the production of large polypeptides containing repeating sequences of amino acids utilizing biochemical techniques, specifically DNA sequences coding for the expression of the large polypeptides. Systems utilizing exogenous transcriptional and translational regions to control the production of the large polypeptides are also provided.