摘要:
A widely-tunable laser apparatus comprises a plurality of tunable lasers having different ranges that overlap to encompass a desired operating range of wavelengths (for example from 1250 nm to 1650 nm) of the widely-tunable laser apparatus. The tunable lasers are tunable synchronously and selectively with their respective outputs connected in common to sweep the output of the widely-tunable laser apparatus substantially continuously over said operating range. The tunable lasers share the same tuning means which has a plurality of independent channels, each for light from a respective one of the tunable lasers.
摘要:
A polarization independent optical spectrum analyzer comprises a diffraction grating, input and output slit means and polarization-maintaining multi-pass optics for directing a light beam to and fro across the diffraction grating while maintaining its linear state of polarization. The optical spectrum analyzer further comprises a polarization control unit for decomposing a light beam for analysis into first and second beams having mutually orthogonal states of polarization (SOPs) and then adjusting one or both SOPs so that they are parallel to each other and to one of the dispersion plane of the diffraction grating which is rotated to select different wavelengths of the first and second light beams. The first and second light beams are passed across the diffraction grating repeatedly by multi-pass polarization-maintaining optics and are outputted and detected separately.
摘要:
A system and/or methodology to track and organize database application data in response to a delete, insert or update procedure. More specifically, a system and/or methodology that employs a version-based retention and linkage approach with respect to triggering implementations is provided.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus are provided for interactively building flight paths for entry into an aircraft flight management system (FMS). The apparatus comprises a database containing map information, a display for presenting the map information, a user controlled cursor and selection buttons, all under the control of a graphics processor. The processor presents the map information with included navigation features on the display, correlated with the aircraft position and cursor location. When the cursor overlies a navigational feature (airways, waypoints, etc.), the processor highlights the feature. Feature ID information may also pop up when the feature is highlighted. Using a mouse button or equivalent, the user selects the highlighted feature or ID, whereupon the processor sends the information associated therewith to the FMS. By successively highlighting and selecting features or IDs an entire flight path can be identified and entered automatically into the FMS without the need for individual text entry.
摘要:
An on-line self-calibrating system where prior calibration information is updated by combining prior stored calibration information with current sensor reading information to simulate the introduction of a known calibrating sample and to generate new calibration information. A preferred embodiment of the present invention is in a laser spectral absorption system for determining the concentration of a particular gas in a gaseous sample by sensing a characteristic narrow spectral pulse in the absorption characteristics of the sample, the area or spectral integration of the pulse being proportional to the concentration of the particular gas. The disclosed technique effects on-line recalibration of the system based on current operating parameters of the system to compensate for time or usage induced degradation in system accuracy without introducing a sample of a known concentration of the gas into the system.
摘要:
Embodiments described herein provide processes for forming and removing epitaxial films and materials from growth wafers by epitaxial lift off (ELO) processes. In some embodiments, the growth wafer has edge surfaces with an off-axis orientation which is utilized during the ELO process. The off-axis orientation of the edge surface provides an additional variable for controlling the etch rate during the ELO process- and therefore the etch front may be modulated to prevent the formation of high stress points which reduces or prevents stressing and cracking the epitaxial film stack. In one embodiment, the growth wafer is rectangular and has an edge surface with an off-axis orientation rotated by an angle greater than 0° and up to 90° relative to an edge orientation of at 0°.
摘要:
Embodiments of the invention generally relate to apparatuses for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. In one embodiment, a wafer carrier track for levitating and traversing a wafer carrier within a vapor deposition reactor system is provided which includes upper and lower sections of a track assembly having a gas cavity formed therebetween. A guide path extends along an upper surface of the upper section and between two side surfaces which extend along and above the guide path and parallel to each other. A plurality of gas holes along the guide path extends from the upper surface of the upper section, through the upper section, and into the gas cavity. In some examples, the upper and lower sections of the track assembly may independently contain quartz, and in some examples, may be fused together.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus are provided for converting electromagnetic radiation, such as solar energy, into electric energy with increased efficiency when compared to conventional solar cells. In one embodiment of a photovoltaic (PV) device, the PV device generally includes an n-doped layer and a p+-doped layer adjacent to the n-doped layer to form a p-n layer such that electric energy is created when electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by the p-n layer. The n-doped layer and the p+-doped layer may compose an absorber layer having a thickness less than 500 nm. Such a thin absorber layer may allow for greater efficiency and flexibility in PV devices when compared to conventional solar cells.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus are provided for converting electromagnetic radiation, such as solar energy, into electric energy with increased efficiency when compared to conventional solar cells. A photovoltaic (PV) device may incorporate front side and/or back side light trapping techniques in an effort to absorb as many of the photons incident on the front side of the PV device as possible in the absorber layer. The light trapping techniques may include a front side antireflective coating, multiple window layers, roughening or texturing on the front and/or the back sides, a back side diffuser for scattering the light, and/or a back side reflector for redirecting the light into the interior of the PV device. With such light trapping techniques, more light may be absorbed by the absorber layer for a given amount of incident light, thereby increasing the efficiency of the PV device.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus are provided for converting electromagnetic radiation, such as solar energy, into electric energy with increased efficiency when compared to conventional solar cells. A photovoltaic (PV) unit, according to embodiments of the invention, may have a very thin absorber layer produced by epitaxial lift-off (ELO), all electrical contacts positioned on the back side of the PV device to avoid shadowing, and/or front side and back side light trapping employing a diffuser and a reflector to increase absorption of the photons impinging on the front side of the PV unit. Several PV units may be combined into PV banks, and an array of PV banks may be connected to form a PV module with thin strips of metal or conductive polymer applied at low temperature. Such innovations may allow for greater efficiency and flexibility in PV devices when compared to conventional solar cells.