公开(公告)号：US20170038985A1

公开(公告)日：2017-02-09

申请号：US15298636

申请日：2016-10-20

Applicant: Seagate Technology LLC

Inventor： Zhengang Chen ,  Earl T. Cohen ,  Alex G. Tang

IPC: G06F3/06 ,  G11C16/10 ,  G11C16/26

CPC classification number: G06F3/0619 ,  G06F3/0647 ,  G06F3/0679 ,  G11C7/24 ,  G11C8/20 ,  G11C11/5628 ,  G11C16/10 ,  G11C16/225 ,  G11C16/26

Abstract: A method for recovery after a power failure. The method generally includes a step of searching at least some of a plurality of pages of a memory to find a first erased page in response to an unsafe power down. A step may move stored data located between a particular word line in the memory that contains the first erased page and a previous word line that is at least two word lines before the particular word line. Another step may write new data starting in a subsequent word line that is the at least two word lines after the particular word line that contains the first erased page.

Abstract translation: 断电后的恢复方法。 该方法通常包括搜索存储器的多个页面中的至少一些以响应于不安全断电来查找第一擦除页面的步骤。 步骤可以将位于包含第一被擦除页面的存储器中的特定字线和位于特定字线之前的至少两个字线的前一字线之间的存储数据移动。 另一步骤可以在随后的字线中开始的新数据，该后续字线是包含第一个被擦除页面的特定字线之后的至少两个字线。

公开(公告)号：US09495288B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-15

申请号：US14055336

申请日：2013-10-16

Applicant: Seagate Technology LLC

Inventor： Earl T. Cohen

IPC: G06F12/02 ,  G06F12/10 ,  G11C16/08 ,  G11C29/04 ,  G06F12/04

CPC classification number: G06F12/1009 ,  G06F3/0619 ,  G06F3/064 ,  G06F3/0659 ,  G06F3/0661 ,  G06F3/0679 ,  G06F11/1068 ,  G06F12/02 ,  G06F12/0246 ,  G06F12/0292 ,  G06F12/04 ,  G06F12/10 ,  G06F2212/2022 ,  G06F2212/401 ,  G06F2212/7201 ,  G06F2212/7202 ,  G11C16/08 ,  G11C29/04 ,  G11C29/52

Abstract: A method for using a variable-size flash translation layer is disclosed. Step (A) receives a read request to read data corresponding to a logical block address from a nonvolatile memory. Step (B) reads a particular entry of a map to obtain (i) a physical address of a particular page of the nonvolatile memory, (ii) an offset in the particular page to compressed data previously stored and (iii) a length of the compressed data. The particular entry is associated with the logical block address. Step (C) converts the offset and the length to (i) an address of a given read unit in the particular page and (ii) a number of the read units to be read. Step (D) reads from the particular page at most the number of the read units starting from the given read unit. An offset and length granularity are finer than one read unit.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种使用可变尺寸闪光转换层的方法。 步骤（A）从非易失性存储器接收读取对应于逻辑块地址的数据的读取请求。 步骤（B）读取地图的特定条目以获得（i）非易失性存储器的特定页面的物理地址，（ii）特定页面中的偏移量与先前存储的压缩数据，以及（iii） 压缩数据。 特定条目与逻辑块地址相关联。 步骤（C）将偏移和长度转换为（i）特定页面中的给定读取单元的地址，以及（ii）要读取的读取单元的数量。 步骤（D）从特定页面读取至多从给定读取单元开始的读取单元的数量。 偏移和长度粒度比一个读取单元更精细。

公开(公告)号：US09443591B2

公开(公告)日：2016-09-13

申请号：US13748260

申请日：2013-01-23

Applicant: Seagate Technology LLC

Inventor： Leonid Baryudin ,  Earl T. Cohen

IPC: G06F12/12 ,  G11C16/00 ,  G06F12/02 ,  G06F3/06 ,  G06F11/20

CPC classification number: G11C16/00 ,  G06F3/0605 ,  G06F3/0644 ,  G06F3/0679 ,  G06F11/20 ,  G06F12/0246

Abstract: Described embodiments detect an impending out-of-space (OOS) condition of a media. On startup, a media controller determines whether an impending OOS indicator is set from a previous startup. If the impending OOS indicator is not set, it is determined whether a free pool size has reached a threshold. The free pool is blocks of the solid-state media available to be written with data. If the free pool size has not reached the first threshold, while the startup time is less than a maximum startup time, garbage collection is performed on the solid-state media to accumulate blocks to the free pool. If the startup time reaches the maximum startup time and the free pool size has not reached the threshold, the impending OOS indicator is set and the media is operated in impending OOS mode. Otherwise, if the free pool size reaches the threshold, the media is operated in normal mode.

Abstract translation: 描述的实施例检测媒体的即将消失的空间（OOS）状况。 在启动时，媒体控制器确定是否从先前的启动设置即将发生的OOS指示符。 如果即将发生的OOS指示符未设置，则确定空闲池大小是否达到阈值。 可用池是可用数据写入的固态媒体块。 如果可用池大小尚未达到第一个阈值，而启动时间小于最大启动时间，则在固态介质上执行垃圾收集，以将块累积到可用池。 如果启动时间达到最大启动时间，可用池大小尚未达到阈值，则即将发生的OOS指示灯设置，媒体即将进入OOS模式。 否则，如果空闲池大小达到阈值，介质将以正常模式运行。

公开(公告)号：US09354816B2

公开(公告)日：2016-05-31

申请号：US14269590

申请日：2014-05-05

Applicant: Seagate Technology LLC

Inventor： Zhengang Chen ,  Gordon J. Coleman ,  Earl T. Cohen ,  Ivana Djurdjevic ,  Erich F. Haratsch

IPC: G11C29/00 ,  G06F3/06 ,  H03M13/11

CPC classification number: G06F3/0617 ,  G06F3/0632 ,  G06F3/0679 ,  H03M13/1108

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of memory dies and a controller. The controller may be communicatively coupled to the plurality of memory dies and configured to utilize multiple copies of a root record containing system data during a boot-up process. The multiple copies of the root record are stored using at least two of the plurality of memory dies.

Abstract translation: 一种装置包括多个存储器管芯和一个控制器。 控制器可以通信地耦合到多个存储器管芯并且被配置为在引导过程期间利用包含系统数据的根记录的多个副本。 使用多个存储器管芯中的至少两个来存储根记录的多个拷贝。

公开(公告)号：US09329991B2

公开(公告)日：2016-05-03

申请号：US14060799

申请日：2013-10-23

Applicant: Seagate Technology LLC

Inventor： Earl T. Cohen ,  Sumit Puri

IPC: G06F3/00 ,  G06F12/02 ,  G06F12/12 ,  G06F3/06

CPC classification number: G06F12/0246 ,  G06F3/064 ,  G06F12/121 ,  G06F2212/401 ,  G06F2212/7201 ,  Y02D10/13

Abstract: A method for using a partitioned flash transition layer is disclosed. Step (A) receives, at an apparatus from a host, a write command having first write data. Step (B) generates second write data by compressing the first write data in the apparatus. The second write data generally has a variable size. Step (C) stores the second write data at a physical location in a nonvolatile memory. The physical location is a next unwritten location. Step (D) returns, from the apparatus to the host in response to the write command, an indication of the physical location.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种使用分隔闪光过渡层的方法。 步骤（A）在主机的装置处接收具有第一写入数据的写命令。 步骤（B）通过压缩装置中的第一写入数据来产生第二写入数据。 第二写入数据通常具有可变大小。 步骤（C）将第二写入数据存储在非易失性存储器中的物理位置处。 物理位置是下一个不成文的位置。 响应于写入命令，步骤（D）从设备返回到主机，指示物理位置。

公开(公告)号：US20160098317A1

公开(公告)日：2016-04-07

申请号：US14963723

申请日：2015-12-09

Applicant: Seagate Technology LLC

Inventor： AbdelHakim S. Alhussien ,  Erich F. Haratsch ,  Earl T. Cohen ,  Yunxiang Wu

IPC: G06F11/10 ,  H03M13/45 ,  G11C29/52

CPC classification number: G06F11/0793 ,  G06F3/0619 ,  G06F3/064 ,  G06F3/0679 ,  G06F11/0727 ,  G06F11/0751 ,  G06F11/079 ,  G06F11/1068 ,  G11C7/1006 ,  G11C11/5628 ,  G11C16/10 ,  G11C16/26 ,  G11C27/005 ,  G11C29/52 ,  H03M13/1102 ,  H03M13/152 ,  H03M13/256 ,  H03M13/2906 ,  H03M13/45 ,  H03M13/458

Abstract: An apparatus having mapping and interface circuits. The mapping circuit (i) generates a coded item by mapping write unit bits using a modulation or recursion of past-seen bits, and (ii) calculates a particular state to program into a nonvolatile memory cell. The interface circuit programs the cell at the particular state. Two normal cell states are treated as at least four refined states. The particular state is one of the refined states. A mapping to the refined states mitigates programming write misplacement that shifts an analog voltage of the cell from the particular state to an erroneous state. The erroneous state corresponds to a readily observable illegal or atypical write sequence, and results in a modified soft decision from that calculated based on the normal states only. A voltage swing between the particular state and the erroneous state is less than between the normal states.

公开(公告)号：US09250995B2

公开(公告)日：2016-02-02

申请号：US13911443

申请日：2013-06-06

Applicant: Seagate Technology LLC

Inventor： Jackson L. Ellis ,  Earl T. Cohen ,  Sivakumar Sambandan ,  Jeonghun Kim ,  Stephen D. Hanna

IPC: G11C29/00 ,  G06F11/10

CPC classification number: G06F11/1016 ,  G06F11/1008 ,  G06F11/1044 ,  G06F11/1076 ,  G11C29/00

Abstract: A method for protecting data in a memory is disclosed. The method generally includes steps (A) to (D). Step (A) converts a logical address of one of a plurality of logical units to a physical address of a corresponding one of a plurality of physical units. Each physical unit is configured to store (i) data from a corresponding one of the logical units, (ii) respective error correction information and (iii) respective verification information. Step (B) writes a particular one of the physical units to the memory. Step (C) reads a portion of the particular physical unit from the memory. The portion includes the respective verification information. The respective verification information includes an indication of the logical address. Step (D) verifies the writing according to the respective verification information in the portion.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于保护存储器中的数据的方法。 该方法通常包括步骤（A）至（D）。 步骤（A）将多个逻辑单元中的一个逻辑单元的逻辑地址转换为多个物理单元中相应一个的物理地址。 每个物理单元被配置为存储（i）来自逻辑单元中的相应一个的数据，（ii）各自的纠错信息和（iii）相应的验证信息。 步骤（B）将特定的一个物理单元写入存储器。 步骤（C）从存储器读取特定物理单元的一部分。 该部分包括相应的验证信息。 相应的验证信息包括逻辑地址的指示。 步骤（D）根据该部分中的相应验证信息验证写入。

公开(公告)号：US20150370631A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-24

申请号：US14311645

申请日：2014-06-23

Applicant: Seagate Technology LLC

Inventor： AbdelHakim S. Alhussien ,  Erich F. Haratsch ,  Earl T. Cohen ,  Yunxiang Wu

IPC: G06F11/10 ,  H03M13/45 ,  G11C29/52

CPC classification number: G06F11/0793 ,  G06F3/0619 ,  G06F3/064 ,  G06F3/0679 ,  G06F11/0727 ,  G06F11/0751 ,  G06F11/079 ,  G06F11/1068 ,  G11C7/1006 ,  G11C11/5628 ,  G11C16/10 ,  G11C16/26 ,  G11C27/005 ,  G11C29/52 ,  H03M13/1102 ,  H03M13/152 ,  H03M13/256 ,  H03M13/2906 ,  H03M13/45 ,  H03M13/458

Abstract: An apparatus having mapping and interface circuits. The mapping circuit (i) generates a coded item by mapping write unit bits using a modulation or recursion of past-seen bits, and (ii) calculates a particular state to program into a nonvolatile memory cell. The interface circuit programs the cell at the particular state. Two normal cell states are treated as at least four refined states. The particular state is one of the refined states. A mapping to the refined states mitigates programming write misplacement that shifts an analog voltage of the cell from the particular state to an erroneous state. The erroneous state corresponds to a readily observable illegal or atypical write sequence, and results in a modified soft decision from that calculated based on the normal states only. A voltage swing between the particular state and the erroneous state is less than between the normal states.

Abstract translation: 具有映射和接口电路的装置。 映射电路（i）通过使用过去位的调制或递归映射写入单元比特来生成编码项，并且（ii）计算特定状态以编程到非易失性存储单元中。 接口电路在特定状态下对单元进行编程。 两个正常的细胞状态被视为至少四个精细状态。 特定状态是精细状态之一。 对精细状态的映射减轻了将单元的模拟电压从特定状态转移到错误状态的编程写入错位。 错误状态对应于易于观察的非法或非典型写入序列，并且导致仅基于正常状态计算出的修改的软判决。 特定状态和错误状态之间的电压摆动小于正常状态之间的电压摆动。

公开(公告)号：US09218281B2

公开(公告)日：2015-12-22

申请号：US14022781

申请日：2013-09-10

Applicant: Seagate Technology LLC

Inventor： Earl T. Cohen ,  Leonid Baryudin

IPC: G06F12/02

CPC classification number: G06F12/0246 ,  G06F2212/7201 ,  G06F2212/7205

Abstract: Described embodiments provide a media controller that processes requests including a logical address and address range. A map of the media controller determines physical addresses of a media associated with the logical address and address range of the request. The map is a multi-level map having a plurality of leaf-level map pages that are stored in the media, with a subset of the leaf-level map pages stored in a map cache. Based on the logical address and address range, it is determined whether a corresponding leaf-level map page is stored in the map cache. If the leaf-level map page is stored in the map cache, a cache index and control indicators of the map cache entry are returned in order to enforce ordering rules that selectively enable access to a corresponding leaf-level map page based on the control indicators and a determined request type.

Abstract translation: 描述的实施例提供了处理包括逻辑地址和地址范围的请求的媒体控制器。 媒体控制器的映射表确定与请求的逻辑地址和地址范围相关联的媒体的物理地址。 该地图是具有存储在媒体中的多个叶级别地图页面的多级地图，叶级地图页面的子集存储在地图高速缓存中。 基于逻辑地址和地址范围，确定对应的叶级别地图页是否存储在地图高速缓存中。 如果叶级地图页面存储在地图高速缓存中，则返回地图高速缓存条目的高速缓存索引和控制指示符，以便强制执行排序规则，以便基于控制指示器有选择地启用对相应叶级别地图页面的访问 和确定的请求类型。

公开(公告)号：US09189385B2

公开(公告)日：2015-11-17

申请号：US13652301

申请日：2012-10-15

Applicant: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC

Inventor： Earl T. Cohen ,  Timothy Lawrence Canepa

IPC: G06F12/00 ,  G06F12/02 ,  G06F3/06

CPC classification number: G06F3/0619 ,  G06F3/0616 ,  G06F3/0634 ,  G06F3/0644 ,  G06F3/0655 ,  G06F3/0688 ,  G06F12/00 ,  G06F12/0246 ,  G06F12/0292 ,  G06F2212/7206 ,  G06F2212/7207 ,  G06F2212/7208 ,  G06F2212/7211 ,  Y02D10/13

Abstract: Scalable control/management data structures enable optimizing performance and/or attempting to achieve a particular performance target of an SSD in accordance with host interfacing, number of NVM devices, NVM characteristics and size, and NVM aging and performance decline. Pre-scaled data structures are included in SSD controller firmware loadable at system initialization. Static data structure configurations enable load-once-operate-for-product-lifetime operation for consumer applications. Dynamic configurations provide sequences of data structures pre-scaled to optimize operation as NVM ages and performance declines. Pre-configured adjustments in data structure size included in consecutive configurations periodically replace earlier configurations at least one time during product lifetime, producing a periodic rescaling of data structure size to track changes in aging NVM. Optionally, sizes of some data structures are decreased as NVM usage increases, enabling an increase in translation layer mapping structure sizes, reducing accesses to translation tables in NVM, and reducing write amplification.

Abstract translation: 可扩展控制/管理数据结构可以根据主机接口，NVM设备数量，NVM特性和大小以及NVM老化和性能下降来优化性能和/或尝试实现SSD的特定性能目标。 预先规模的数据结构包含在SSD控制器固件中，可在系统初始化时加载。 静态数据结构配置可为消费者应用程序实现对产品生命周期的一次性操作。 动态配置提供了预缩放的数据结构序列，以优化操作，因为NVM的老化和性能下降。 包括在连续配置中的数据结构尺寸的预配置调整在产品寿命期间至少定期更新先前的配置，从而产生数据结构尺寸的周期性重新定标以跟踪老化NVM的变化。 可选地，一些数据结构的大小随着NVM使用量增加而减小，使翻译层映射结构大小增加，减少对NVM中的转换表的访问，并减少写入放大。