摘要:
The control apparatus includes a so-called pre-shift means. The pre-shift means operates a predetermined synchromesh based on a result of prediction by a predicting means. It thereby couples together a transmission input shaft with which a friction transfer mechanism having not been used for achievement of a current gear position and a transmission output shaft through a predetermined gear train and brings them into standby state. As the timing with which the synchromesh coupling operation by the standby control is started, the time when it is determined that the friction transfer mechanism having not been used for the achievement of the current gear position has been disengaged is taken regardless of the completion of the achievement of the current gear position.
摘要:
For the purpose of removing an oxide film on the surface of a varying metal electroconductive material used for wiring in a semiconductor device without inflicting damage on a peripheral structure, the oxide film formed on the surface of a metal electroconductive region 12 is subjected to a reducing treatment that is effected by placing the metal electroconductive region 12 in a reducing treatment chamber 22, causing an oxygen pump 30 to introduce into the reducing treatment chamber 22 an inert gas having at least an oxygen partial pressure thereof suppressed to 1×10−13 atmosphere or less and heating the metal electroconductive region 12 with a heating device 25.
摘要:
A worsening of drivability is to be kept to a minimum by making a fail-safe control taking the state in the event of failure of a shifting operation into account. When clamping a sleeve to a free rotatable gear and during the period after instructing movement of the sleeve to a clamping position until movement of the sleeve to a predetermined positional range which makes it possible to judge that the sleeve has been clamped to the free rotatable gear, a pushing load for the sleeve is increased if the sleeve is in a fixed state near the balk ring, while if the sleeve is in a fixed state near the free rotatable gear, the sleeve is once returned to a neutral position thereof and is re-clamped to the free rotatable gear. Further, the number of times the sleeve is re-clamped to the free rotatable gear is counted and the use of the free rotatable gear is inhibited in accordance with the counted number of times.
摘要:
The object of the present invention is to provide a compact and inexpensive single-crystal growth apparatus. The single-crystal growth apparatus of the present invention which comprises spheroid mirrors 11, 12, heat sources 13, 14 located at the one foci F1, F2 of the spheroid mirrors 11, 12, a quartz tube 16 enclosing a heating zone 15 of the common focus F0 on the other side, and, in the quartz tube 16, a feed rod 18 supported by an upper crystal drive shaft 17 and a seed crystal rod 20 supported by a lower crystal drive shaft 19. The interfocal distance between the foci F1, F2 and the foci F0 is made 41.4-67.0 mm and the minor axis/major axis ratio of the spheroid mirrors is set to 0.90-0.95. In order to prevent excessive heat rise of the spheroid mirrors 11, 12 and infrared lamps 13, 14 attendant on downsizing of the spheroid mirrors 11, 12, the spheroid mirrors 11, 12 internally include annular water-cooling jackets 39, 40 and air-cooling units 45a, 46a are provided for introducing cooling air from gaps 43, 44 of the spheroid mirrors 11, 12 at a flow rate of 1.2-2.3 m3/min. Further, ease of use is realized by self-circulating cooling water and imputing heat dissipation capacity utilizing a radiator 49.
摘要:
In a torque assisted automated MT, an assist clutch is controlled to ensure that the transmission torque increase rate is reduced when disengaging a dog clutch while engaging the assist clutch. In a twin clutch type automated MT, in stepped speed change, one of the two clutches as the twin clutch is controlled in such a way that the transmission torque increase rate resulting from engagement is reduced with the passage of time, when disengaging the dog clutch prior to speed change while engaging the clutch corresponding to the input shaft in charge of offsetting the torque interruption.
摘要:
A vehicle control unit includes interface software memory means storing an interface software program for connecting an application software program with an OS (operating system) in an internal ROM, a CPU (central processing unit) for performing computation for the application software program and the interface software program, a RAM (erasable memory) storing data such as the result of computation, an I/O unit for extending the control unit, and extending means for communicating memory data through a bus or a LAN. A single-chip micro-computer used in vehicle control permits an increase in input/output points or the addition of functionality, in which case an application software program can continue to be used simply by rewriting the interface software program, without further remanufacturing of the core unit.
摘要:
A power train controller and control method are provided for a passenger car driven by a combustion engine and an automatic gear changing transmission. Control sensors detect a current operating state of the passenger car. Three different modes of operation, including sports mode, economy mode, and comfortable mode are selected by the driver. Depending on the selected mode, the automobile transmission is controlled in different shifting patterns as a function of the sensed vehicle operating conditions.
摘要:
A change gear control device is provided for an automatic transmission in a motor vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine which is operated with an air/fuel mixture having air/fuel ratios ranging from a fuel rich air/fuel ratio to a fuel lean air/fuel ratio depending on driving conditions of the motor vehicle. In this device a first detector detects an engine torque of the internal combustion engine and a second detector detects a vehicle speed of the motor vehicle. A processor processes transmission gear ratios for the automatic transmission. In particular, the processor reads the detected engine torque from the first detector and the detected vehicle speed from the second detector, determines a new transmission gear ratio based upon the engine torque and the vehicle speed, and outputs a signal representing the new transmission gear ratio to the automatic transmission, whereby a gear shifting operation is effected at a timing based on an engine torque variation due to an operating air/fuel ratio change.
摘要:
A control section detects terminal voltage of a battery periodically and stores it in a memory, then calculates the most recent gradient and average gradient of a charging curve from the storage contents. When the most recent gradient becomes greater than the average gradient by a predetermined value or more, the control section judges it to be the last stage of the charging. After this, the control section compares the most recent terminal voltage with the preceding terminal voltage which are detected and stored in sequence. When they become equal to each other, the control section turns off a charge switch for terminating the charging. Thus, a rise in the terminal voltage at the last stage of the charging is detected securely and the subsequent peak is detected accurately.
摘要:
A water jet discharge pipe which produces a wide effective spray area and long water reach at low pressure and water volume. Compressed air is injected around the periphery of the pressurized water stream produced through an inner cylindrical member and which is throttled by a nozzle extending into such inner cylindrical member. The injected air prevents reduction of the flow velocity of the water by contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical member. In addition, external air is introduced through air inlets in an outer cylindrical member extending from the inner cylindrical member so as to straighten the air layer accompanying the water jet exiting from the inner cylindrical member and suppress premature dispersal of the water stream prior to ejection from the outer cylindrical member. After such ejection, expansion of the injected air atomizes the water stream to provide large area coverage thereof.