Abstract:
Water softening device includes water softening tank and neutralizing tank. Water softening tank softens raw water containing a hardness component by weakly acidic cation exchange resin. Water softening tank includes first water softening tank and second water softening tank. Neutralizing tank neutralizes the pH of softened water that has passed through water softening tank by weakly basic anion exchange resin. Neutralizing tank includes first neutralizing tank and second neutralizing tank. Water softening device is configured to cause raw water containing a hardness component to flow through first water softening tank, first neutralizing tank, second water softening tank, and second neutralizing tank in this order.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to a method of preparing a synthetic crystalline material, designated as JMZ-12, with a framework built up by the disorder AEI and CHA structures, substantially free of framework phosphorous and prepared preferably in the absence of halides such as fluoride ions. Such method comprises the step of heating a reaction mixture under crystallization conditions for a sufficient period to form a disordered zeolite having both CHA and AEI topologies, wherein the reaction mixture comprises at least one source of aluminum, at least one source of silicon, a source of alkaline or alkaline-earth cations, and a structure directing agent containing at least one source of quaternary ammonium cations and at least one source of alkyl-substituted piperidinium cations in a molar ratio of 0.20 to about 1.4. The resulting zeolites are useful as catalysts, particularly when used in combination with exchanged transition metal(s) and, optionally, rare earth metal(s).
Abstract:
An ion exchanger includes a sheet-shaped positive ion exchanger 2 in which binder particles 5 and positive ionic exchange resin particles 4 are mixed with each other, and a sheet-shaped porous negative ion exchanger 3 in which binder particles 7 and negative ionic exchange resin particles 6 are mixed with each other, the positive ion exchanger 2 and the negative ion exchanger 3 are bonded to each other to form an interface, and capacity of the negative ion exchanger 3 is greater than that of the positive ion exchanger 2. Therefore, the porous ion exchanger 1 is formed and absorbing ability of ion is increased, capacity of the negative ion exchanger 3 is made greater than that of the positive ion exchanger 2, regenerating ability of the ion exchanger with respect to absorbing ability of ion can be secured, and ion absorption and regeneration processing is carried out efficiently.
Abstract:
Waste saline waters are purified by contacting with a cation exchange resin in hydrogen form, then with a WBA resin and, if desired, with a SBA resin. The cation exchange resin is regenerated with a strong acid reagent. The WBA resin is regenerated with ammonium hydroxide reagent. The SBA resin is regenerated with an alkali metal hydroxide. The residual reagent values in the spent regenerants are applied to the soil as amendments, fertilizer, for pH control, wind erosion control, deicing roadways and in Enhanced Oil Recovery.
Abstract:
A diamine absorbent that contains heat stable salts is regenerated using an ion exchange process wherein the concentration of heat stable salts in the feed stream provided to the cation exchange unit is limited.
Abstract:
A process for fluoride removal from wastewater streams produced during industrial operation for further industrial use or to comply with environmental regulations. The process segregates the removal of fluoride and fluorosilicate ions, from the totality of ions in the waste water stream, thus improving treatment efficiency and reducing costs. Ion-exchange chromatography is used to remove the fluoride and fluorosilicate ions by passing the wastewater stream through one or more columns that contain a charged resin which selectively binds cations/anions in the stream. The fluoride ions are washed from the column and then collected for removal or use in other processes.
Abstract:
A process for fluoride removal from wastewater streams produced during industrial operation for further industrial use or to comply with environmental regulations. The process segregates the removal of fluoride and fluorosilicate ions, from the totality of ions in the waste water stream, thus improving treatment efficiency and reducing costs. Ion-exchange chromatography is used to remove the fluoride and fluorosilicate ions by passing the wastewater stream through one or more columns that contain a charged resin which selectively binds cations/anions in the stream. The fluoride ions are washed from the column and then collected for removal or use in other processes.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a multiple bed-type condensate demineralization method and apparatus for the method that are able to provide an improved treated water quality in ammonia operation by substantially reducing the cross contamination ratio during resin regeneration from the current cross contamination ratio.In the method of condensate demineralization using ion-exchange resin in a multiple-bed regime, condensate is passed through a resin layer having a multiple-bed structure in which an anion resin layer and a layer of a uniform particle size strong acid gel-type cation resin with a 10% to 16% degree of crosslinking, divided by a partition in such a manner that they do not mix with each other, are combined in alternation. The uniform particle size strong acid gel-type cation resin with a 10% to 16% degree of crosslinking is an ion-exchange resin that has a uniform particle size of 500 to 800 μm for which at least 95% of the resin particles fall in the range defined by the average particle size ±100 μm and the uniformity coefficient is less than or equal to 1.2. Ion-exchange resin that has come to require chemical regeneration is separately withdrawn and subjected to chemical regeneration by type and is returned into the originating partition.