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    Method and apparatus for processing organic materials to produce chemical gases and carbon char
    91.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for processing organic materials to produce chemical gases and carbon char 失效
    用于加工有机材料以生产化学气体和碳炭的方法和设备

    公开(公告)号：US6005149A

    公开(公告)日：1999-12-21

    申请号：US135829

    申请日：1998-08-18

    申请人： Norman G. Bishop

    发明人： Norman G. Bishop

    IPC分类号： C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10B1/04 ,  C10J3/48

    CPC分类号： C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/005 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10K1/08 ,  C10J2300/1223 ,  Y02P20/145

    摘要： The invention provides a practical and efficient method and apparatus for thermally processing organic based raw materials of either primary or secondary (recycled) origin, in order to extract volatile organic vapors and to selectively produce either condensable hydrocarbon gases or, more preferably, non-condensable synthesis gases that are rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide for use as a raw material in chemical processes, or as a fuel. In particular, the invention provides a single rotary reactor having two contiguous hearth reaction areas, i.e., a drying and volatizing area and a reformation area, the areas being separated from each other by a bed-retaining refractory weir. The weir has an aperture for fluidly connecting the two hearth reaction areas of the single reactor. In each of the two reaction areas, the temperature, pressure, and chemical characteristics of the internal gaseous atmosphere can be selectively controlled to achieve the degree of volatizing, cracking, dissociation and/or reforming of vaporous hydrocarbon gases required to meet the desired operating objective. Thus, a variety of synthesis gases having differing degrees of richness in hydrogen and carbon monoxide may be produced in a single reactor, eliminating the need for a downstream secondary reformation or "finishing" reactor.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于热处理初级或次级（再循环）原料的有机基原料的实用且有效的方法和装置，以便提取挥发性有机蒸气并选择性地产生可冷凝烃类气体，或更优选地，不可冷凝 富含氢和一氧化碳的合成气体用作化学过程中的原料，或用作燃料。 特别地，本发明提供了具有两个连续的炉底反应区域，即干燥和挥发区域和重整区域的单个旋转反应器，这些区域通过床保持性耐火堰彼此分离。 堰具有用于流体连接单个反应器的两个炉底反应区域的孔。 在两个反应区域的每一个中，可以选择性地控制内部气体气氛的温度，压力和化学特性，以实现满足期望的操作目标所需的气态烃气体的挥发，开裂，解离和/或重整的程度 。 因此，可以在单个反应器中产生具有不同程度的氢气和一氧化碳浓度的各种合成气体，从而不再需要下游二次重整或“精加工”反应器。

    Burner and a fuel etc. supply method
    92.
    发明授权
    Burner and a fuel etc. supply method 失效
    燃烧器和燃料等供应方式

    公开(公告)号：US5997595A

    公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

    申请号：US721335

    申请日：1996-09-26

    申请人： Katsuhiko Yokohama ,  Toshiyuki Takegawa ,  Yoshinori Koyama ,  Yoshiki Yamaguchi

    发明人： Katsuhiko Yokohama ,  Toshiyuki Takegawa ,  Yoshinori Koyama ,  Yoshiki Yamaguchi

    IPC分类号： F23C99/00 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/48 ,  C10J3/50 ,  C10J3/54 ,  F23D1/02

    CPC分类号： C10J3/487 ,  C10J3/506 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2300/1223

    摘要： A burner for an entrained bed gasifier is provided in which a stable ignition is accelerated in the vicinity of a fuel jetting port and a good combustion state is maintained. A fuel (1, 3), such as coal and char etc., and a portion of a gasifying agent (2, 4, 5) are premixed in a burner before they a charged into a gasifier. The burner includes a triple tubular member including an outer tubular portion, an intermediate tubular portion, and an inner tubular portion. A seal gas tube is positioned within the inner tubular portion. At the time when the fuel, such as coal and char etc., and a premixing gas (a portion of the gasifying agent) are charged into the burner, at least any one of the fuel, such as coal and char etc., and the premixing gas is charged in a tangential direction relative to the burner central axis so as to be given a swirling directional velocity component.

    摘要翻译： 提供一种用于夹带式气化器的燃烧器，其中在燃料喷射口附近加速稳定的点火，并保持良好的燃烧状态。 燃料（1,3），例如煤和炭等，以及一部分气化剂（2,4,5）在燃烧器中充入气化器之前被预混合在燃烧器中。 燃烧器包括一个三重管状构件，其包括外部管状部分，中间管状部分和内部管状部分。 密封气管定位在内管状部分内。 当燃料（例如煤和炭等）和预混合气体（一部分气化剂）装入燃烧器时，至少任何一种燃料如煤和炭等，以及 预混合气体相对于燃烧器中心轴线在切向方向上充电，以便得到旋转的方向速度分量。

    Oblate spheroid shaped gasification apparatus and method of gasifying a feedstock
    93.
    发明授权
    Oblate spheroid shaped gasification apparatus and method of gasifying a feedstock 失效
    圆柱状球状气化装置及原料气化方法

    公开(公告)号：US5787822A

    公开(公告)日：1998-08-04

    申请号：US653499

    申请日：1996-05-24

    申请人： Wesley P. Hilliard

    发明人： Wesley P. Hilliard

    IPC分类号： B09B3/00 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/48 ,  F23B99/00 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/12

    CPC分类号： C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/482 ,  F23G5/027 ,  C10J2300/1807

    摘要： Apparatus and method for gasification of feedstock materials are disclosed. The apparatus includes an oblate spheroid (egg-shaped) gasification chamber having inlets for feedstock material and gaseous oxidizer. A combustion gas outlet permits removal of combustion gases, and an ash collection region allows collection and removal of ash produced in the gasification chamber. A plurality of recirculating venturi tubes located within the gasification chamber recirculate combustion gases and particulates into and out of a gasification zone. Each venturi tube includes a plenum having a gaseous oxidizer inlet and a plurality of orifices capable of producing high velocity air flow towards the feedstock material bed in the gasification zone. Filtration action of the bed entrains combustion particulates. A plurality of air cannons coupled to one or more pulse valves provide pulsed air flow into the gasification zone to agitate the feedstock material bed. Gaseous oxidizer inlets in the ash collection region allow control of the ash carbon content. Advantageously, the gasification device does not have moving internal parts. The agitation and recirculation is controlled by the gaseous oxidizer pulses and input into the gasification chamber.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于原料材料气化的装置和方法。 该装置包括具有用于原料和气体氧化剂的入口的扁圆球体（卵形）气化室。 燃烧气体出口允许除去燃烧气体，并且灰分收集区域允许收集和除去在气化室中产生的灰分。 位于气化室内的多个再循环文丘里管将燃烧气体和微粒再循环进入和离开气化区。 每个文丘里管包括具有气态氧化剂入口和多个能够在气化区中朝向原料床的高速气流产生的孔的增压室。 床的过滤作用夹带燃烧颗粒物。 耦合到一个或多个脉冲阀的多个空气炮提供脉冲气流进入气化区以搅动原料床。 灰分收集区中的气体氧化剂入口允许控制灰分碳含量。 有利地，气化装置不具有移动的内部部件。 搅拌和再循环由气态氧化剂脉冲控制并输入到气化室。

    Bottom feed - updraft gasification system
    95.
    发明授权
    Bottom feed - updraft gasification system 失效
    底部进料 - 上升气化气化系统

    公开(公告)号：US5607487A

    公开(公告)日：1997-03-04

    申请号：US424189

    申请日：1995-04-19

    申请人： Leland T. Taylor

    发明人： Leland T. Taylor

    IPC分类号： B01D45/12 ,  B01D45/14 ,  B03C3/36 ,  B03C3/41 ,  B03C3/86 ,  B03C3/88 ,  C10J3/14 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/48

    CPC分类号： C10J3/14 ,  B01D45/12 ,  B01D45/14 ,  B03C3/36 ,  B03C3/41 ,  B03C3/86 ,  B03C3/88 ,  C10J3/20 ,  B03C2201/10 ,  C10J2200/158 ,  Y02P20/129

    摘要： A gasification system for solid wastes having a thermal reactor and a mechanical gas cleaner, an indirect heat exchange cooler, and an electrostatic precipitator for cleaning and cooling the produced gas. Feed material is continuously fed to he central section of the thermal reactor above an air introduction manifold and nozzles and in an upward direction, forming a stratified charge. As feed material moves upward and outward from the reactor center it is reduced to ash. An agitator assures contact between the hot particulate product and hot gases resulting in gasification of the feed material and net movement to the sidewall of the thermal reactor, forming ash. The air introduction nozzles serve as a grate. Ash descends along the sidewall to the reactor base for removal. The mechanical cleaner has a high speed rotating brush-like gas separator element and scraper combination which removes condensed tars and particulates from the produced gas stream. The device is self cleaning in that condensed tars and particulates agglomerate on the high speed rotating bristle elements and, upon reaching adequate size and mass, are thrown off by centrifugal force to the cylindrical sidewall, where scrapers remove accumulated material which falls to the separator base for removal. An electrostatic precipitator having a cylindrical brush-like electrode suspended from one end by an insulated arm, removes remaining particles or aerosols from the product gas.

    摘要翻译： 具有热反应器和机械气体清洁器的固体废物的气化系统，间接热交换冷却器和用于清洁和冷却所产生的气体的静电除尘器。 进料在空气导入歧管和喷嘴的上方连续地供给到热反应器的中心部分，并沿向上方向形成分层电荷。 当进料从反应器中心向上和向外移动时，它被还原成灰分。 搅拌器确保热颗粒产物和热气体之间的接触，导致进料的气化和净运动到热反应器的侧壁，形成灰分。 空气引入喷嘴作为炉排。 灰分沿着侧壁下降到反应器底座以便除去。 机械清洁器具有高速旋转刷状气体分离器元件和刮刀组合，其从产生的气流中除去凝结的焦油和颗粒。 该装置是自清洁的，因为冷凝的焦油和高速旋转刷毛元件上的颗粒聚集，并且在达到足够的尺寸和质量时，通过离心力将其排出到圆柱形侧壁，其中刮刀去除落入分离器基底的积聚材料 用于移除。 具有通过绝缘臂从一端悬挂的圆筒形刷状电极的静电除尘器从产物气体中除去残留的颗粒或气溶胶。

    Circular slag tap for a gasifier
    96.
    发明授权
    Circular slag tap for a gasifier 失效
    用于气化炉的圆形矿渣龙头

    公开(公告)号：US5425791A

    公开(公告)日：1995-06-20

    申请号：US269734

    申请日：1994-07-01

    申请人： Michael C. Tanca

    发明人： Michael C. Tanca

    IPC分类号： C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/48 ,  C10J3/78

    CPC分类号： C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/526 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10K1/026 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  Y02E20/18 ,  Y10S48/02

    摘要： A slag tap system for a pressurized gasifier system that includes a reaction vessel and a pressure vessel in surrounding relation to the reaction vessel. The slag tap system includes a slag tap portion through which slag is discharged from the reaction vessel, mounting means for mounting the slag tap portion in supported relation within the reaction vessel, water inlet means operatively connected to the slag tap portion for introducing water thereinto, water outlet means operatively connected to the slag tap portion for discharging water therefrom after the passage of the water through the slag tap portion, a slag tank mounted in supported relation within the pressure vessel below and in spaced relation to the slag tap portion and operative to receive the slag for quenching therewithin after the slag has been discharged from the slag tap portion, and discharge means operatively connected to the slag tank for effecting the discharge therefrom of the slag after the slag has undergone quenching within the slag tank.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于加压气化器系统的炉渣分离系统，其包括与反应容器相关的反应容器和压力容器。 炉渣分离系统包括从反应容器排出炉渣的炉渣分离部分，用于将炉渣分配部分以支撑的关系安装在反应容器内的安装装置，与入渣口部分可操作地连接以将水引入其中的进水装置， 水出口装置，其可操作地连接到炉渣分离部分，用于在水通过炉渣分离部分之后从其中排出水;渣罐，其以负载关系安装在压力容器内，并与炉渣分配部分间隔开并且与 在炉渣从炉渣排出部分排出之后，接收炉渣以进行淬火;以及排渣装置，其可操作地连接到渣槽，用于在炉渣在炉渣罐内经过淬火之后从炉渣排出。

    Gasifier with gas scroured throat
    100.
    发明授权
    Gasifier with gas scroured throat 失效
    带气体的气化器喉咙痛

    公开(公告)号：US4919688A

    公开(公告)日：1990-04-24

    申请号：US147090

    申请日：1988-01-20

    申请人： Robert M. Suggitt ,  Mitri S. Najjar

    发明人： Robert M. Suggitt ,  Mitri S. Najjar

    IPC分类号： C10J3/48 ,  C10J3/82

    CPC分类号： C10J3/82 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/845 ,  C10K1/101 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2300/1223 ,  Y10S48/02

    摘要： Gasifier for combusting a particulated carbonaceous fuel by injecting a stream of the fuel into the gasifier combustion chamber together with a combustion supporting gas. The fuel mixture is burned to produce a usable gas and a particulated residual, both of which are directed into a liquid holding quench chamber. A constricted, frusto-conical throat which conducts the usable gas and particulated residual includes one or more nozzles that open into the throat and serve to direct pressurized jets of a scouring fluid into contact with residual particles which have become deposited on the throat wall, to displace the latter and thereby keep the throat void of such deposits.

    摘要翻译： 用于通过将燃料流与燃烧支持气体一起喷射到气化器燃烧室中来燃烧微粒碳质燃料的气化器。 燃料混合物被燃烧以产生可用的气体和微粒残留物，两者都被引导到液体保持骤冷室中。 导致可用气体和微粒残留物的收缩的截头圆锥形喉部包括一个或多个打开到喉部中的喷嘴，用于将冲刷流体的加压射流引导与已经沉积在喉部壁上的残留颗粒接触， 取代后者，从而保持喉部没有这种沉积物。