摘要:
A modular biomass treatment unit includes a first module having a pretreater and a first frame for transportation to and operation at a site adjacent to a solid biomass growth source. The pretreater is operable to process solid biomass to produce a plurality of solid biomass particles for conversion into a fuel or specialty chemical. The first frame supports the pretreater during transportation to and operation at the site adjacent to the solid biomass growth source. The modular biomass treatment unit can also include additional modules each comprising a reactor, a separator, and a frame for transportation to and operation at a site such as the site adjacent to the solid biomass growth source.
摘要:
Disclosed is a new composition of matter comprising a polymeric material of photosynthetic origin having embedded therein small particles of an inorganic material. The composition of matter is particularly suitable for use in processes whereby the polymeric material is converted to fuels in liquid or gas form, and/or to the valuable specialty chemicals. The polymeric material comprises biomass. More specifically, the polymeric material comprises cellulose and at least one of hemicellulose and lignin.
摘要:
Hydrocarbon conversion process comprising the steps of (a) suspending catalyst particles comprising a layered material in a first, polar hydrocarbon, employing conditions such as will cause delamination of the layered material to form a suspension comprising particles with a size of less than 1 micron, (b) optionally adding the suspension to a second hydrocarbon, (c) converting the first and/or the optional second hydrocarbon in the presence of said delaminated layered material, and (d) separating the delaminated material from the first and the optional second hydrocarbon. This process provides an economically desired way of converting hydrocarbons using small catalyst particles.
摘要:
Process for upgrading a liquid hydrocarbon feed comprising the steps of (a) preparing a slurry comprising the hydrocarbon feed having a boiling range above 350° C. and solid particles comprising a rehydratable material, (b) thermally treating said slurry at a temperature in the range of 250 to 550° C., (c) optionally separating the thermally treated slurry into (I) a lower boiling fraction and (ii) a higher boiling fraction containing the solid particles and formed coke, if any, and (d) separating the solid particles and formed coke, if any, from the thermally treated slurry resulting from step b) or the higher boiling fraction of step c).
摘要:
Process for the preparation of a metal-containing composition, which process comprises the steps of (a) calcining a physical mixture of an anionic clay and a metal additive at a temperature between 200 and 800° C., and (b) rehydrating the calcined product of step a). This process allows the use of insoluble metal additives. It does not require the use of soluble metal additives, which has economic and environmental advantages.
摘要:
An apparatus and continuous process for the conversion of one solid iron compound to another solid iron compound in a heterogeneous suspension wherein the suspension is formed by dispersing a solid starting iron compound in a liquid that is continuously fed through one or more agitated conversion vessels under hydrothermal conditions and converted to a solid product iron compound having different physical, chemical, or structural properties from the solid starting iron compound.
摘要:
A Ccomposition comprising one or more metal hydroxy salts and a matrix, binder or carrier material, wherein the metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) as metal either (i) one or more divalent metals, at least one of them being selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, and Mn, or (ii) one or more trivalent metal(s), (b) framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion. This composition has various catalytic applications.
摘要:
Novel compositions of matter comprising a cationic layered material and a second compound. The second compound has a reflection in its XRD pattern at 18.5 degrees two-theta, and s second reflection at 29 degrees two-theta. The composition of matter may be used in hydrocarbon conversion, purification, and synthesis processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing. The materials are especially suitable for the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions and the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels like gasoline and diesel.
摘要:
The present invention pertains to a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of alkaline earth metals, alkaline metals, rare earth metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, titanium, and phosphorus. Said QCBs according to the invention may be prepared in several ways. In general, a quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor and an additive are converted to a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing the additive in a homogeneously dispersed state.
摘要:
Cationic layered materials, a process for their preparation and their use in hydrocarbon conversion, purification, and synthesis processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking. Cationic layered materials are especially suitable for the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions and the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels like gasoline and diesel. The new preparation process avoids the use of metal salts and does not require the formation of anionic clay as an intermediate.