摘要:
An optical semiconductor device having a plurality of GaN-based semiconductor layers containing a strained quantum well layer in which the strained quantum well layer has a piezoelectric field that depends on the orientation of the strained quantum well layer when the quantum layer is grown. In the present invention, the strained quantum well layer is grown with an orientation at which the piezoelectric field is less than the maximum value of the piezoelectric field strength as a function of the orientation. In devices having GaN-based semiconductor layers with a wurtzite crystal structure, the growth orientation of the strained quantum well layer is tilted at least 1° from the {0001} direction of the wurtzite crystal structure. In devices having GaN-based semiconductor layers with a zincblende crystal structure, the growth orientation of the strained quantum well layer is tilted at least 1° from the {111} direction of the zincblende crystal structure. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the growth orientation is chosen to minimize the piezoelectric field in the strained quantum well layer.
摘要:
A gasket-integrated case is obtained by punching out a circular piece from a metal sheet on which a gasket resin film having a round hole is integrally laminated with an adhesive, in such a way as to have a diameter concentric with, but larger than, the round hole, and by drawing the circular piece into a bottomed cylindrical shape. Elements for electromotive force and a sealing plate are then disposed on the case, and the periphery of the sealing plate is sandwiched and sealed by the periphery of the case by crimping, with a gasket including the resin film interposed therebetween, so that a coin-shaped battery is formed. The resin film has a thickness in the range of 20 &mgr;m to 150 &mgr;m and a modulus of elasticity equal to or greater than 35 kgf/mm2.
摘要:
In a cooling system to cool down a hot object contained in a closed container, a heat exchanger is used in addition to an air-conditioner to share thermal load to dissipate heat generated by the hot object. Since the heat exchanger which requires almost no operating power shares heat load with the air-conditioner which consumes a high operating power, a total power consumption of the cooling system is considerably reduced. An evaporator and a condenser of the heat exchanger are separately installed in the cooling system, and both are connected by pipes through which refrigerant is circulated. The evaporator is placed to an optimum position to effectively absorb heat generated by the hot object. The condenser is installed outside the container to exhaust heat most effectively to outside air. The evaporator and the condenser may be combined before installation, if a whole structure of the cooling system permits. The heat generated by the hot object is led directly to the evaporator to enhance heat exchange efficiency.
摘要:
Disclosed are a gallium nitride type semiconductor device that has a single crystal of (Ga.sub.l-x Al.sub.x).sub.l-y In.sub.y N, which suppresses the occurrence of crystal defects and thus has very high crystallization and considerably excellent flatness, and a method of fabricating the same. The gallium nitride type semiconductor device comprises a silicon substrate, an intermediate layer consisting of a compound containing at least aluminum and nitrogen and formed on the silicon substrate, and a crystal layer of (Ga.sub.l-x Al.sub.x).sub.l-y In.sub.y N (0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1, excluding the case of x=1 and y=0). According to the method of fabricating a gallium nitride base semiconductor device, a silicon single crystal substrate is kept at a temperature of 400 to 1300.degree. C. and is held in the atmosphere where a metaloganic compound containing at least aluminum and a nitrogen-containing compound are present to form a thin intermediate layer containing at least aluminum and nitrogen on a part or the entirety of the surface of the single crystal substrate, and then at least one layer or multiple layers of a single crystal of (Ga.sub.l- x Al.sub.x).sub.l-y In.sub.y N are formed on the intermediate layer.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method for producing a heat insulating laminate structure having an excellent solar radiation shielding capability as well as an excellent radio wave transparency. The method includes placing a transparent laminate film between two transparent substrates, the transparent laminate film having on at least one side of a transparent polymer film a laminated layer structure in which a metal oxide layer containing an organic component and a metal layer are laminated and grooves having widths of 30 μm or less are formed with dividing the metal layer; bonding the two substrates to each other through the transparent laminate film under application of a pressure; and promoting division of the metal layer in the transparent laminate film by the applied pressure to increase an overall surface resistance.
摘要:
A surface emitting laser is provided which can control a beam shape and can provide higher efficiency and higher power. The surface emitting laser includes a gain region that is provided between a first semiconductor multilayer film reflection mirror and a second semiconductor multilayer film reflection mirror, which are arranged so as to oppose to each other, and that has a first active layer and a second active layer. The surface emitting laser has a current constriction layer for constricting an electric current which is injected into the first active layer and the second active layer. The first active layer and the second active layer have different active layer structures from each other.
摘要:
A surface emitting laser which is configured by laminating on a substrate a lower reflection mirror, an active layer, and an upper reflection mirror, which includes, in a light emitting section of the upper reflection mirror, a structure for controlling reflectance that is configured by a low reflectance region and a concave high reflectance region formed in the central portion of the low reflectance region, and which oscillates at a wavelength of λ, wherein the upper reflection mirror is configured by a multilayer film reflection mirror based on a laminated structure formed by laminating a plurality of layers, the multilayer film reflection mirror includes a phase adjusting layer which has an optical thickness in the range of λ/8 to 3λ/8 inclusive in a light emitting peripheral portion on the multilayer film reflection mirror, and an absorption layer causing band-to-band absorption is provided in the phase adjusting layer.
摘要:
A surface emitting laser includes a pair of multilayer mirrors disposed opposing to each other, and an active layer disposed between the multilayer mirrors. In at least one multilayer mirror of the pair of multilayer mirrors, a plurality of first pair layers are stacked, each first pair layer is formed from a high-refractive index layer having a first strain and a low-refractive index layer having a second strain; and a second pair layer is included, the second pair layer is formed of one of the high-refractive index layer and the low-refractive index layer of the first pair layer in which one of the high-refractive index layer and the low-refractive index layer of the first pair layer is replaced with a layer formed from a quaternary or higher mixed crystal semiconductor material having a third strain.
摘要:
Provided are an optical device including a multilayer reflector having a layer whose optical thickness is not λ/4, and a vertical cavity surface emitting laser using the optical device. A resonance frequency shift or a reduction in reflectivity which is caused by a deviation from an optical thickness of λ/4 can be suppressed to improve characteristics and yield. The optical device for generating light of a wavelength λ includes a reflector and an active layer. The reflector is a semiconductor multilayer reflector including a first layer and a second layer which are alternatively laminated and have different refractive indices. The first layer has an optical thickness smaller than λ/4. The second layer has an optical thickness larger than λ/4. The interface between the first layer and the second layer is located at neither a node nor an antinode of an optical intensity distribution within the reflector.
摘要:
Provided is a process for producing a surface emitting laser including a surface relief structure provided on laminated semiconductor layers, including the steps of transferring, to a first dielectric film, a first pattern for defining a mesa structure and a second pattern for defining the surface relief structure in the same process; and forming a second dielectric film on the first dielectric film and a surface of the laminated semiconductor layers to which the first pattern and the second pattern have been transferred. Accordingly, a center position of the surface relief structure can be aligned with a center position of a current confinement structure at high precision.