摘要:
In a metamaterial, a dielectric layer includes a host medium and dielectric bodies disposed in rows with predetermined intervals therebetween is sandwiched between a pair of conductive mesh plates each having holes, thereby forming a functional layer including dielectric resonators corresponding to the dielectric bodies. The metamaterial is configured by laminating the functional layers. The holes and the dielectric resonators are positioned coaxially and an electromagnetic wave is propagated in each of the functional layers in a propagation direction perpendicular to a multi-layered laminate surface such that the metamaterial function as a left-handed metamaterial in relation to the propagation direction perpendicular to the multi-layered surface.
摘要:
A method of operating fuel cell system includes generating electricity by a fuel cell using fuel gas and oxidizing gas and allowing cooling water to flow in the fuel cell and thereby cooling the fuel cell. The method includes transferring moisture from exhaust gas to supply gas using a first humidifier, the exhaust gas being discharged from the fuel cell, the supply gas being supplied to the fuel cell, and transferring moisture from the cooling water to the supply gas humidified using a second humidifier. The method includes at least one of detecting humidity of the supply gas humidified, detecting temperature of the cooking water, detecting the flow rate of the supply gas and detecting the amount of electricity generated by the fuel cell. The method also includes controlling the humidity of the supply gas humidified based on the value detected.
摘要:
A resin sealed semiconductor device includes a first semiconductor switching device having a first emitter terminal and a first collector terminal bonded to its top and bottom surfaces respectively, a second semiconductor switching device having a second emitter terminal and a second collector terminal bonded to its top and bottom surfaces respectively, a first heat sink directly or indirectly bonded to the first collector terminal, a second heat sink directly or indirectly bonded to the second collector terminal, and a molding resin integrally covering the first and second semiconductor switching devices. The first and second heat sinks are exposed from the molding resin. The first emitter terminal faces and is spaced apart from the second emitter terminal.
摘要:
A transmission line microwave apparatus includes at least one nonreciprocal transmission line part, which includes a series branch circuit equivalently including a capacitive element and a shunt branch circuit equivalently including an inductive element. The nonreciprocal transmission line part has gyrotropic characteristic by being magnetized in a magnetization direction different from the propagation direction of a microwave, and has an asymmetric structure to a plane formed by the propagation direction and the magnetization direction. The nonreciprocal transmission line part has a propagation constant and an operating frequency set in a dispersion curve that represents a relation between the propagation constant and the operating frequency so that the propagation constant in the forward direction and the propagation constant in the backward direction have nonreciprocal phase characteristics different from each other. A microwave transmission line is constituted by cascade-connecting at least one non-reciprocal transmission line part between first and second ports.
摘要:
A fuel cell electric power generating system is provided which does not occupy a large space, which requires a lower initial cost for equipment than the prior art, and of which the running cost is low. The system includes a reformer producing hydrogen-rich gas by utilizing a source gas, source gas supplying means of supplying the source gas to the reformer, air supplying means of supplying purging air to the reformer, and a fuel cell generating electric power by utilizing the hydrogen-rich gas produced at the reformer and air for electric power generation supplied from outside, wherein in stopping the operation of the fuel cell, the supply of the source gas to the reformer is stopped and the hydrogen-rich gas remaining within the fuel cell electric power generating system, steam and the purging air are passed in this order.
摘要:
A semiconductor device has a MIM capacitor including a first insulating film formed on a semiconductor substrate, a lower electrode composed of a first metal film formed on the first insulating film, a capacitor insulating film formed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode composed of a second metal film formed on the capacitor insulating film. The semiconductor device further has a lower interconnect composed of the first metal film formed on the first insulating film and an upper interconnect composed of the second metal film formed on the lower interconnect. The upper interconnect and the upper electrode are formed integrally.
摘要:
A cogeneration system of the present invention includes: a power generation system equipped with a power generator; waste heat utilization system for recovering waste heat from the power generator, storing the heat, and utilize the waste heat as an effective output thermal energy; and a waste heat utilization promoting system for promoting utilization of the effective output thermal energy in the waste heat utilization system to avoid a stop of the system associated with a heat storage amount reaching a full amount. The waste heat utilization promoting system is equipped with a stop predicting function to predict an operation stop of the power generation system by comparing a current operating state with a reference pattern and computing an operation sustainable time, and a stop warning function to give the user a warning of the operation stop with an image or sound according to stop prediction information obtained.
摘要:
After successively depositing a first metal film and a first silicon oxide film on an insulating film formed on a semiconductor substrate, etching is carried out by using a first resist pattern as a mask, so as to form a first interlayer insulating film having openings from the first silicon oxide film and first metal interconnects from the first metal film. A third interlayer insulating film of an organic film is filled in the openings of the first interlayer insulating film, and the first interlayer insulating film is etched by using a hard mask. A second metal film is then filled in a space in the second interlayer insulating film, so as to form second metal interconnects.
摘要:
A method for fabricating a semiconductor device according to the present invention includes the steps of: a) forming an insulator film having Si—H bonds; b) forming a resist mask over a selected region of the insulator film; c) etching part of the insulator film that is not covered with the resist mask, thereby forming a recess in the insulator film; and d) removing the resist mask. The step d) includes the step of e) ashing the resist mask by using plasma produced from a gas comprising water vapor as a main component.
摘要:
A semiconductor device includes an encapsulating resin encapsulating a semiconductor substrate, a lead pattern or a laminated wiring layers transferred or secured on the lower surface of the encapsulating resin and a plurality of external electrode disposed on the lower surface of the lead pattern. The device may be manufactured by bonding a semiconductor substrate to a transferring substrate on which a lead pattern is formed, resin encapsulating an upper portion of the transferring substrate to cover the semiconductor substrate, and removing only the transferring substrate with the lead pattern left bonded to the encapsulating resin and the semiconductor substrate.