Abstract:
Provided is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The method of manufacturing the semiconductor device includes forming magneto tunnel layers, forming a hard mask on the magneto tunnel layers, etching the magneto tunnel layers to form a magneto tunnel junction, wherein etching by-products are formed on sidewalls of the magneto tunnel junction, performing chemical treatment on the etching by-products to convert the etching by-products into a chemical reactant; and inspecting the chemical reactant.
Abstract:
Semiconductor devices and methods of manufacturing the semiconductor devices are provided. The semiconductor devices may include a first line pattern that includes a first main line having a first width and a first subline having a second width, and a second line pattern that includes a second main line having the first width and a second subline having a third width. The first line pattern may include a first width changer whose width increases from the first width to the second width. The second line pattern may include a second width changer whose width increases from the first width to the third width.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is an electric bicycle. The electric bicycle includes a battery, a generator to generate voltage by operation of pedals, and a pedal load adjustment unit to adjust pedal load applied to the pedals by controlling voltage generated from the generator and used to charge the battery. The pedal load adjustment unit includes plural capacitors configured to be charged with the voltage generated from the generator and plural switches configured to operate alternately so that the voltage generated from the generator is discharged to the capacitors to charge the capacitors and the voltage stored in the capacitors is discharged to the battery to charge the battery.
Abstract:
An acousto-optic device includes an optical waveguide in which incident light is able to propagate; a metal layer surrounding at least a first portion of the optical waveguide; a gain medium layer disposed in the first portion of the optical waveguide; and a sonic wave generator configured to generate surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and apply the SAWs to the optical waveguide and/or the metal layer.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a cosmetic composition containing one or more selected from a group consisting of green tea saponin and green tea polyphenol as active ingredients. The cosmetic composition of the invention is very safe to the skin and can greatly enhance biological mechanisms in the skin, and thus can serve as an anti-aging cosmetic composition.
Abstract:
There is provided a light emitting diode driving apparatus capable of uniformly maintaining current balance between light emitting diode channels. The light emitting diode driving apparatus includes: a DC to DC converting unit converting the direct current power into settable driving power; a detecting unit detecting voltage drops generated in each of a plurality of light emitting diode channels each having a plurality of light emitting diodes; a converting unit converting an analog value into a digital value; and a driving unit differentially setting duty cycles of switching signals according to the digital values from the converting unit to drive the plurality of light emitting diode channels.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a plastic heat exchanger in which, when a heat exchanger tube of the plastic heat exchanger is coupled to a header, the heat exchanger tube and a junction portion of the header are melted and pressed simultaneously through a heat fusion jig including a fusion portion and a fusion valley so as to secure reliability against leakage of refrigerant, and a method of manufacturing the same, by which the plastic heat exchanger can be mass-produced at low fabricating cost through simple processes. The present invention provides a method of fabricating a plastic heat exchanger, comprising a step of melting and pressing a plastic heat exchanger tube and a junction of a header by using a heat fusion jig, and a plastic heat exchanger fabricated by the method, thereby securing reliability against leakage of refrigerant, having heat exchange performance more excellent than or equal to a metallic heat exchanger and also mass-producing the plastic heat exchanger at low fabricating cost through simple processes.
Abstract:
A metal suboxide having a specific surface area of greater than or equal to about 1.5 m2/g is prepared by preparing a metal suboxide precursor, and heat-treating the metal suboxide precursor.
Abstract:
A game execution method and system of a mobile terminal includes an Internet-based device synchronized with at least one mobile terminal through a game server and receiving a specific game screen that is requested from the mobile terminal from the game server to display. The game server synchronizes the Internet-based device with the at least one mobile terminal and transmits return data with respect to an input signal of manipulating the specific game to the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal downloads and executes game data, transmitting to the game server the input signal of manipulating the specific game, and executes an effect function corresponding to the return data.
Abstract:
An acousto-optic device includes an acousto-optic medium having a multi-layer nanostructure; and a sonic wave generator configured to apply sonic waves to the acousto-optic medium having the multi-layer nanostructure. The acousto-optic medium having the multi-layer nanostructure includes a second layer formed of at least two materials that have different dielectric constants and alternate with each other; and a first layer disposed on a first surface of the second layer and formed of a first material, and/or a third layer disposed on a second surface of the second layer and formed of a fourth material.