Abstract:
A catalyst comprising (i) a support, (ii) metal particles and (iii) a shell which is arranged between the metal particles, wherein the shell (iii) comprises silicon oxide.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an arrangement, in particular for the parallel testing of a plurality of building blocks of a material library for performance characteristics, in which the arrangement has a block containing at least one reaction module and at least two heating/cooling modules.
Abstract:
Method for determining useful properties of individual building blocks of a material library including a substrate having at least two individual building blocks in at least two sections separated from one another, which method includes: (ii) introducing at least one starting material into at least two sections of a substrate of a material library which are separated from one another, in order to carry out a chemical or physical or chemical and physical reaction of the starting material in the at least two substrate sections separated from another, in each case in the presence of the corresponding building block, obtaining in each case an effluent comprising at least one reaction product and/or starting material and, (iii) analysing the effluent obtained in the reaction according to (ii) comprising at least one reaction product and/or starting material; the effluent being analysed by recording and analysing at least one photoacoustic signal.
Abstract:
A process for the carbonylation of dimethyl ether, dimethyl carbonate and/or methanol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a mordenite catalyst to produce at least one of acetic acid and methyl acetate in which process the mordenite catalyst is regenerated in-situ by contacting the catalyst with a regenerating gas comprising a molecular oxygen-containing gas and an inert diluent at a total pressure in the range 1 to 100 bar and wherein the partial pressure of the molecular oxygen-containing gas is such that the temperature of the catalyst is maintained within the range 225 to 325° C.
Abstract:
A process and apparatus for testing material libraries, in particular catalysts, by means of coupled use of at least two analytical methods, preferably IR thermography and mass spectrometry. Owing to the selected arrangement, the disadvantages of the two previously known individual methods are compensated for: the subsequent selectivity determination for selected sections by means of mass spectrometry invalidates the argument against IR thermography, of only being able to determine activities; the rapid integrated determination of potentially “good” materials via IR thermography prevents an excessive loss of time by needing to test all materials of a library successively with the mass spectrometer. The reactor design permits, firstly, the integral recording of the entire reactor through a window which is transparent for the corresponding method and, secondly, permits the simultaneous, automated application of a second analytical method (for example mass spectrometry) to selected materials of a material library, which have been rated as active by the optical method. In the case described, the optical method provides information on the material activity for a set problem, and the second analytical method determines the selectivity of the materials.
Abstract:
In a process for the preparation of alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds, the catalyst used is 0.01 to 50% by weight of rhenium and 0 to 20% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the catalyst, of at least one further metal chosen from Zn, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Fe, Cr, V on oxidatively pretreated activated carbon as support.
Abstract:
A process for preparing arrays of two or more heterogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalyst precursors, or combinations thereof in a body having preferably parallel through-channels. In this process, a solution, emulsion or dispersion of elements present in the catalyst, catalyst precursor, or combination thereof, is first prepared, and is used to simultaneously or successively coat the channels of the body to produce freshly impregnated moist channels. These channels are then treated and reacted with one or more reactive gases, and the coated body is optionally heated in the presence or absence of inert or reactive gases.
Abstract:
Amines are prepared by reacting aldehydes or ketones at elevated temperature under elevated pressure with nitrogen compounds selected from the group of ammonia, primary and secondary amines, and with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalytically active mass of the catalyst contains, after its preparation and before the treatment with hydrogen, 22 to 45% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of zirconium, calculated as ZrO2, 1 to 30% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, 5 to 50% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, where the molar ratio of nickel to copper is greater than 1, 5 to 50% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of cobalt, calculated as CoO, 0 to 5% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of molybdenum, calculated as MoO3, and 0 to 10% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum and/or manganese, calculated as Al2O3 or MnO2.
Abstract:
Process for the in-situ regeneration of a zeolite catalyst in a carbonylation process for the production of at least one of methyl acetate and acetic acid. The process is carried out by (a) contacting a carbonylatable reactant selected from methanol, dimethyl ether and dimethyl carbonate and carbon monoxide in a reactor with a zeolite catalyst and recovering a product stream containing at least one of methyl acetate and acetic acid from the reactor, (b) ceasing contact of the catalyst with the carbonylatable reactant, (c) regenerating the catalyst with a regenerating gas selected from hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a temperature in the range 250 to 600 C, and (d) terminating the hydrogen regenerating step and resuming contact of the catalyst with the carbonylatable reactant and carbon monoxide.
Abstract:
A process for the carbonylation of dimethyl ether, dimethyl carbonate and/or methanol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a mordenite catalyst to produce at least one of acetic acid and methyl acetate in which process the mordenite catalyst is regenerated in-situ by contacting the catalyst with a regenerating gas comprising a molecular oxygen-containing gas and an inert diluent at a total pressure in the range 1 to 100 bar and wherein the partial pressure of the molecular oxygen-containing gas is such that the temperature of the catalyst is maintained within the range 225 to 325° C.