摘要:
A solar cell includes a graphite substrate, an amorphous carbon layer having a thickness of not less than 20 nm and not more than 60 nm formed on the graphite substrate, an AlN layer formed on the amorphous carbon layer, a n-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the AlN layer; a light-absorption layer including a nitride semiconductor layer formed on the n-type nitride semiconductor layer; a p-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the light-absorption layer; a p-side electrode electrically connected to the p-type nitride semiconductor layer; and an n-side electrode electrically connected to the n-type nitride semiconductor layer. The amorphous carbon layer is obtained by oxidizing the surface of the graphite substrate.
摘要:
A surface-emitting laser element for emitting light in a direction perpendicular to a substrate, including a substrate with a normal direction of a principal plane inclining toward one direction of with respect to one direction of and a mesa structure formed on the substrate and having a narrowed structure with an oxide produced by oxidizing a part of a layer to be oxidized selectively, containing aluminum and surrounding an electric current passage area, wherein a cross-section of mesa structure being parallel to the substrate is parallel to a substrate surface and orthogonal to both one direction of and one direction of and a length in a first direction passing through a center of the electric current passage area is more than a length in a second direction parallel to a substrate surface and orthogonal to the first direction.
摘要:
A brake control apparatus is configured to suppress sounds while a vehicle is stationary. The brake control apparatus basically has a brake operation detecting section, a vehicle state detecting section, a braking force generating section, a braking force adjusting section and a brake control section. The brake operation detecting section detects a brake operation value indicative of an operation of a brake element. The vehicle state detecting section detects whether a vehicle is in a stopped state. The braking force generating section generates a braking force. The braking force adjusting section adjusts the braking force generated in the braking force generating section based on the brake operation value. The brake control section then control the braking force to prohibit reduction in the braking force when the brake operation value decreases while the vehicle is in the stopped state.
摘要:
A method for generating electric power including the steps of: (a) preparing a solar cell having a condensing lens and a solar cell element, wherein the solar cell element includes an n-type GaAs layer, a p-type GaAs layer, a quantum tunneling layer, an n-type InGaP layer, a p-type InGaP layer, a p-type window layer, an n-side electrode, and a p-side electrode, and satisfies the following equation (I): d2
摘要:
In a module-to-module association support system, a controller asks a management server to create an adaptor for use as an intermediary between a client module and a service module being a target to be associated with the client module. The management server is provided with a service API definition defining the specification of an API of the service module, and a device ID corresponding thereto. The management server selects the service API definition based on the device ID provided by the controller, and creates the adaptor based on the selected service API definition and the provided client API definition. The resulting adaptor is forwarded to a client. With such a configuration, a process to be executed after a change of the service module can be simplified to update an application including the client module.
摘要:
A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array, wherein a plurality of straight lines drawn perpendicularly to a straight line extending in a first direction from respective centers of the plurality of surface emission laser diode elements aligned in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, are formed with generally equal interval in the first direction, the plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements are aligned in the first direction with an interval set to a reference value, and wherein the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the first direction is smaller than the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the second direction.
摘要:
A surface emitting laser diode comprises a substrate, a lower reflector formed over the substrate, an active layer formed over the lower reflector, an upper reflector formed over the active layer, a current restrict structure including a current confinement region surrounded by insulation region. The current restrict structure is disposed in an upper reflector or between an active layer and the upper reflector, and an upper electrode formed over the upper reflector includes an aperture which corresponds to an emission region from which light is emitted in a first direction perpendicular to a surface of a substrate. The emission region and the current restrict structure including the current confinement region are selectively configured to obtain high single transverse mode, stabilized polarization direction, isotropic beam cross section and small divergence angle, while allowing the device to he manufactured with high yield rate.
摘要:
An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell and a plurality of components. The plurality of components includes a temperature control device for the gas cell; an excitation light source that emits excitation light to excite atoms enclosed in the gas cell; a temperature control device for the excitation light source; and a light receiving element that detects the excitation light that passes through the gas cell. The plurality of components is mounted on an insulating film having wiring.
摘要:
An atomic oscillator is disclosed, including an Alkaline metal cell, a light source illuminating a laser beam to the Alkaline metal cell, and a light detector detecting light passing through the Alkaline metal cell. The Alkaline metal cell includes a first member, a second member, a cell internal portion, and an Alkaline metal raw material. In the first member, a first glass substrate is bonded on a second surface of a first substrate where a first opening part is formed. In the second member, a second glass substrate is bonded to a fourth surface of a second substrate where a second opening part is formed. The cell internal portion is formed by the first opening part and the second opening part by bonding the first surface to the third surface. The Alkaline metal raw material is enclosed by the cell internal portion.
摘要:
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar cell with higher conversion efficiency.The method comprises steps of: (a) preparing the solar cell comprising a condensing lens (101) and a solar cell element (102), wherein the following inequation set (I) is satisfied: d2