Abstract:
In a spark ignition engine, a thermal insulation thin layer is formed over a wall surface, facing an inside of a combustion chamber, of a base material forming the combustion chamber, and for a thermal conductivity λ [W/(m·K)], a thermal diffusivity κ [mm2/s], and a thickness L [μm] of the thermal insulation thin layer, L≧16.7×λ and L≦207.4×(κ)0.5 are satisfied. With such a configuration, a heat loss Q_total escaping from gas in a cylinder to the wall of the combustion chamber over all strokes can be reduced, and the thermal efficiency can be improved without inducing degradation of knocking due to an increase in an amount of heating Q_intake of the gas in the cylinder during an intake stroke.
Abstract:
A process for sealing a ceramic filter by infiltrating a metal into an end of the filter is disclosed. The process includes the steps of contacting the end of a porous ceramic filter with a molten metal, whereby the metal enters into the ceramic matrix to substantially fill the void space. The ceramic filter is cooled to form a filter having a ceramic-metal composite portion. The present invention also provides a filter having an infiltrated metal seal. Methods for joining infiltrated ends are also provided.
Abstract:
A process for sealing a ceramic filter by infiltrating a metal into an end of the filter. The process includes the steps of contacting the end of a porous ceramic filter with a molten metal, whereby the metal enters into the ceramic matrix to substantially fill the void space. The ceramic filter is cooled to form a filter having a ceramic-metal composite portion. The present invention also provides a filter having an infiltrated metal seal.
Abstract:
Ceramic-metal composites are used in the fabrication of components for engines, particularly internal combustion engines. The composites are formed by infiltrating a molten metal into a porous ceramic matrix and cooling the metal to form a composite. Numerous engine components can be fabricated using this technique including valves, valve seats, exhaust port liners, pistons and rocker arms.
Abstract:
A lubricating layer having wear resistance and reliability on the wear resistance, and a compressor including a lubricating layer are provided. The compressor may include a lubricating layer coated on a frictional portion between a rotational shaft and a bearing. The lubricating layer may include at least one metal phase selected from a group consisting of Titanium (Ti); and Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Zirconium (Zr), and may be a composite structure of amorphous and nanocrystalline materials.
Abstract:
A process for sealing a ceramic filter by infiltrating a metal into an end of the filter. The process includes the steps of contacting the end of a porous ceramic filter with a molten metal, whereby the metal enters into the ceramic matrix to substantially fill the void space. The ceramic filter is cooled to form a filter having a ceramic-metal composite portion. The present invention also provides a filter having an infiltrated metal seal. Methods for joining infiltrated ends are also provided.
Abstract:
Chromium nitride coating of machine components such as reciprocating pump plungers for continuous sliding contact with non-metallic packing and gasket materials greatly increases the performance life of fluid seals. In an air driven reciprocating constant pressure pump, exterior surfaces of the pump plunger are coated with chromium nitride to a thickness of seven to ten microns. The coating resists failure from repeated sliding contact against non-metallic packing and gasket materials for at least four million pump cycles, with no evidence of cracking or release of metallic particles which would embed in the packing or gasket material and score the plunger. In lower pressure pumps, interior walls of a housing against which a sliding gasket bears, when coated with chromium nitride, greatly increase the seal life of the sliding gasket.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to a process for fabricating ceramic-metal composites having continuous ceramic and metal phases. The process includes the steps of contacting a porous ceramic matrix material with a molten metal whereby capillary action pulls the metal into the ceramic matrix to substantially fill the void space. The present invention also provides a ceramic-metal composite having continuous metal and ceramic phases.
Abstract:
A method for fabricating ceramic-metal composites having continuous ceramic and metallic phases. In one embodiment, the metal phase includes copper metal. The method can include the steps of contacting a porous ceramic matrix material with molten metal whereby capillary action pulls the metal into the ceramic matrix to substantially fill the open void space. The present invention also provides a ceramic-metal composite having continuous metal and ceramic phases.
Abstract:
A process for fabricating ceramic-metal composites having ceramic and metal phases wherein the ceramic to metal ratio changes within the ceramic. The process includes the steps of contacting a porous ceramic matrix material with a molten metal whereby capillary action pulls the metal into the ceramic matrix to substantially fill the void space. The ceramic matrix has a porosity gradient wherein the infiltrated composite has a varying ratio of ceramic to metal.