摘要:
Disclosed is a copper alloy sliding material comprising 0.5 to 15 mass % Sn and 0.1 to 10 vol % of hard particles consisting of one or more selected from WC, W2C and Mo2C. The hard particles have preferably an average particle size of 0.1 to 10 &mgr;m, whereby they are dispersed in the copper alloy matrix so as to make the sliding-contact surface uneven, from which the hard particles protrude partially. The sliding material comprises an amount or a total amount of not more than 40 mass % of one or more selected from Ni, Ag, Fe, Al, Zn, Mn, Co, Si and P, an amount or a total amount of not more than 10 mass % of Bi and/or Pb, and/or an amount or a total amount of not more than 10 vol % of a solid lubricant comprising BN, graphite, MoS2 and/or WS2.
摘要:
Sensors detect a stock removal of a wafer during polishing, and a CPU calculates the stock removal in accordance with information from the sensors. The CPU compares the actual stock removal detected by the sensors and a model stock removal stored in RAM, and determines timings for dressing and replacing said polishing pad in accordance with a difference between the actual stock removal and the model stock removal. The determination results are shown on a display.
摘要:
A wafer mount plate is inserted loosely into a housing, and the wafer mount plate is supported in such a manner as to be swingable and movable vertically and horizontally with respect to a polishing pad. An air chamber is formed between the wafer mount plate and the housing. By controlling the internal pressure of the air chamber, it is possible to control polishing pressure applied on the wafer mount plate. Since the entire top side of the wafer mount plate can be uniformly pressured, the uniform polishing pressure can be applied on the entire surface of the semiconductor wafer. Further, the wafer mount plate inclines in accordance with variations in the inclination of the polishing pad so that the semiconductor wafer and the polishing pad can be maintained in a parallel position.
摘要:
A graphite-free lubricating oil which comprises a base oil having dispersed therein 10 to 40% by weight of a carbohydrate and/or a derivative thereof whose particle size ranges from 10 to 150 .mu.m, 2 to 20% by weight of a film-boosting agent and 0.1 to 20% by weight of a dispersant. Moreover, the lubricating oil is free of black-colored substances such as graphite. Therefore, the oil permits the improvement of working surroundings and exhibits excellent properties such as formability through forging almost comparable to or even greater than that of the commercially available graphite-in-oil type lubricating oils. The lubricating oil can be used instead of the graphite-containing lubricating oils for warm forging, hot forging, rolling, tube-manufacturing, drawing and extrusion in place of the graphite-containing lubricating oils and ensures the improvement in the working surroundings and excellent lubricity.
摘要:
A heterodyne interferometric optical fiber displacement sensor using a laser diode. The frequency and the intensity of the laser diode beam are periodically modulated by an injection current. The laser diode beam is routed to a rod lens via a first optical fiber, an optical fiber coupler, and a second optical fiber. The interference light resulting from the interference between the light reflected from the exit surface of the rod lens and the light reflected from an object surface is routed to a third optical fiber via the optical fiber coupler, which is then detected by a photodiode attached to the end of the third optical fiber. From the output of the photodiode, a given frequency component is extracted using a bandpass-filter. The extracted signal is converted into a pulse signal. The frequency change of the pulse signal (equivalent to a doppler frequency shift caused by the movement of the object surface) is accumulated using an electronic circuit. Then, the accumulated value is used to calculate the displacement of the object surface.
摘要:
A Cu-based wear-resistant alloy of a sliding material consists essentially of, by weight, 10-35% Zn, 2-20% Pb, 1-10% Ni, 0.1-1% B and, as required, 0.5-10% of Sn. The alloy can be used under severe conditions of use at elevated speed and temperature with reduced risk of seizure and corrosion. The alloy can be produced by mixing Pb powder and Ni--B alloy powder with Cu--Zn powder or Cu--Zn--Sn alloy powder, or mixing Ni--B alloy powder with Cu--Zn--Pb alloy powder or Cu--Zn--Sn--Pb alloy powder. The alloy can be compacted and sintered to form a sliding member or a composite sliding member is obtained by sintering and integrating the alloy on a steel backing plate optionally having a surface plated with copper.
摘要:
A multilayered sliding material of lead bronze containing graphite in the form of a bimetal, comprising a steel plate or a steel plate having a copper plating coating and a sintered copper alloy bonded to the steel plate, the sintered copper alloy having a composition consisting of 5 to 16 wt % Sn, 2 to 20 wt % Pb, 0.03 to 1 wt % P, 0.5 to 3.9 wt % graphite, and the balance Cu, wherein hardness of the alloy exceeds Hv 100.
摘要:
The cap for writing equipment comprises an air vent in the top portion, means installed on the inner peripheral surface for providing airtightness, a miniature cap movably enclosed in the axial direction in a space formed with the top face, the inner peripheral face and an annular boss for providing airtightness, a resilient seal positioned on the outside of the top of the miniature cap for blocking the ventilation between the air vent and the inside of the cap when the tip of the pen body is fitted into the cap and rebounders for pressing the miniature cap against the pen body. The annular boss for providing airtightness is so positioned as to block the ventilation in the longitudinal direction by forcing itself to contact the trunk of the pen when the tip of the pen body is fitted into the cap.
摘要:
An automatic examination system for motor vehicles can quickly and automatically examine whether an engine of an automobile or the like is good or bad without making contact with the body of the automobile or the like includes a receiver section disposed apart from the engine of the automobile or the like for receiving via a space either electrical signals or sonic signals transmitted from the engine, a period measurement section for measuring the respective periods between the respective signals received by the receiver section, a period difference calculator section for calculating the respective period differences between the respective periods measured by the period measurement section, and a good/bad decision section for deciding whether the engine is good or bad by comparing the respective period differences calculated by the period difference calculator section with a given reference value.
摘要:
A printed wiring board includes a core substrate, a first conductive pattern formed on the substrate, an insulation structure having a first insulation layer and formed on the substrate such that the first insulation layer covers the first pattern, a second conductive pattern formed on the structure, and a second insulation layer formed on the structure such that the second insulation layer covers the second pattern. The structure has a via conductor connecting the first and second patterns through the first insulation layer, the first insulation layer includes a first layer containing a reinforcing fiber material and a second layer formed on the first layer such that the first layer is on the substrate side and a second layer is on the second insulation layer side, and the second layer is made of an insulating material which is the same material as an insulating material forming the second insulation layer.