摘要:
A method for the preparation of a halogenated aromatic amine, wherein a halogenated aromatic nitro compound is hydrogenated in liquid phase in the presence of a platinum-base catalyst to obtain a corresponding halogenated aromatic amine, the hydrogenation being carried out in the presence of an alkylmonoamine, an alicyclic amine or a polyalkylenepolyamine. The presence of the amine well suppresses a dehalogenation reaction which would otherwise be involved, so that not only a high purity halogenated aromatic amine is obtained, but also corrosion of a reactor is prevented.
摘要:
A process for preparing 1-aminoanthraquinone having high purity, which comprises either1. hydrogenating 1-nitroanthraquinone in an aqueous medium in the presence of a base using a hydrogenating catalyst, and then oxidizing the hydrogenation product, or2. hydrogenating crude 1-nitroanthraquinone containing dinitroanthraquinones as impurities or crude 1-aminoanthraquinone containing diaminoanthraquinones as impurities in an aqueous medium in the presence of a base using a hydrogenating catalyst, stopping the hydrogenation at a time when the 1-nitroanthraquinone or 1-aminoanthraquinone has been substantially reduced to 1-aminoanthrahydroquinone but the dinitroanthraquinones or diaminoanthraquinones remain substantially unreduced to diaminoanthrahydroquinones, removing water-insoluble materials from the reaction mixture, and then oxidizing the remaining water-soluble residue.
摘要:
A process for preparing aminoanthraquinones of high purity, which comprises catalytically hydrogenating nitroanthraquinones in the suspended state in an aqueous medium in the presence of a hydrogenating catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, the catalytic hydrogenation may be carried out in the presence of an organic or inorganic base, followed, if desired, by oxidizing the hydrogenation product.
摘要:
A process for producing a probe-driving mechanism. A laminate of a first and second insulating layer is placed on a support. Electrode layers and piezoelectric layers are successively laminated on the second insulating layer. Part of the support and second insulating layer is removed to form a cantilever.
摘要:
A method for forming a crystal comprises applying a crystal forming treatment on a substrate having a free surface comprising a nonnucleation surface (S.sub.NDS) with small nucleation density and a nucleation surface (S.sub.NDL) exposed from said nonnucleation surface having a sufficiently small area for a crystal growing only from a single nucleus and having a greater nucleation density (ND.sub.L) than the nucleation density (ND.sub.S) of said non-nucleation surface (S.sub.NDS), thereby growing a single crystal from said single nucleus.
摘要:
An electrophotographic apparatus employs a charger for charging a cylindrical photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer of amorphous silicon containing 10 to 40 atomic % hydrogen; an exposing station for imagewise exposing the member to form an electrostatic latent image; a developer station for developing the latent image to form a toner image; a transfer station for transferring the toner image to an image receiving sheet and a blade for cleaning the surface of the cylindrical member.
摘要:
A layer of amorphous silicon containing H, preferably 10-40 atomic % H, is used as a photoconductive layer for electrophotographic photosensitive member.
摘要:
A semiconductor sensor has a semiconductor substrate including both of a conductive or semiconductor surface and an insulative surface and a pair of conductive members provided on said conductive or semiconductor surface of the substrate. There is constructed a sensor section in which at least one of the pair of conductive members can be deformed and an electrostatic capacitance between the pair of conductive members is variable. The semiconductor substrate has a functional element which is electrically connected to the sensor section.
摘要:
A process for forming a crystalline deposited film on a substrate surface by preparing the substrate surface on which spaced crystal nuclei are present for forming the crystalline deposited film, forming the crystalline deposited film by introducing an activated species (A) formed decomposition of a compound (SX) containing silicon and a halogen and an activated species (B) formed from a chemical substance for film formation which is chemically mutually reactive with the activated species (A) whereby a mixture is formed between the two activated species to cause a chemical reaction therebetween and thereby affect the formation of the crystalline deposited film. An etching action is thereafter produced on the crystalline deposited film by exposing the film to a gaseous substance (B) capable of effecting an etching action to effect crystal growth in specific face direction.