摘要:
A video digital signal processing and display system that allows real time processing of video images with extensive filtering and inter-pixel interpolation. The system includes a front end user and program interface supported by a personal computer, and also includes a microprocessor for controlling the system and specialized video circuitry including an image translator.The image translator performs image translation, perspective projection, scaling, rotation, border insertion, and formation of composite images. The image translator interacts with the other specialized video circuitry which includes a frame constructor, a keyer and crosspoint switches, and a frame store constructor.
摘要:
A microprocessor based data processing system including a microprocessor, a memory unit, and a display unit is provided with a programmable graphics generator that transfers graphics information from the memory unit to the display unit in response to and control of a set of display instructions also stored in the memory unit. The graphics generator includes a first addressing unit for sequentially accessing the display instructions from the memory unit; a control unit for receiving, storing and decoding such instruction and for issuing supervisory and control signals in response to the binary state of each instruction; a second addressing unit for accessing graphics information from the memory unit in response to the supervisory signals from the control unit; and a third addressing unit for accessing movable object graphics stored in the memory unit.
摘要:
A microprocessor based data processing system including a microprocessor, a memory unit, and a display unit is provided with a programmable graphics generator that transfers graphics information from the memory unit to the display unit in response to and control of a set of display instructions also stored in the memory unit. The graphics generator includes a first addressing unit for sequentially accessing the display instructions from the memory unit; a control unit for receiving, storing and decoding such instruction and for issuing supervisory and control signals in response to the binary state of each instruction; a second addressing unit for accessing graphics information from the memory unit in response to the supervisory signals from the control unit; and a third addressing unit for accessing movable object graphics stored in the memory unit.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for generating moving objects for a video game display. Common apparatus including a microprocessor with RAM provides vertical motion for all objects and separate horizontal position counting hardware horizontal motion for each object. The microprocessor operating on a horizontal line pair basis drives a parallel to serial converter which stores one eight bit line portion of the object to be displayed which in turn is connected to a shift register. When the converted data is read out to the video display by action of the appropriate horizontal position hardware, it is recirculated to provide a repeat on the next horizontal line of the identical data. An effective one line moving resolution is obtained by utilizing another shift register for a one line delay by means of a switch which is set by a latch driven by the microprocessor.
摘要:
Apparatus for continuous variation of object size on a raster type video screen in a television game. The input of a voltage controlled oscillator is varied by a game controller. The output of the oscillator drives horizontal and vertical counters at rates corresponding to the object size. These counters provide respectively horizontal and vertical addresses to a picture generator read only memory. The faster the counters are incremented the smaller the object; and with regard to the vertical address, horizontal lines of the picture are actually skipped in order to reduce the size of the object.
摘要:
An apparatus for continuous simultaneous electroplating of two metals having substantially different standard electrodeposition potentials (e.g., for deposition of Sn—Ag alloys) comprises an anode chamber for containing an anolyte comprising ions of a first, less noble metal, (e.g., tin), but not of a second, more noble, metal (e.g., silver) and an active anode; a cathode chamber for containing catholyte including ions of a first metal (e.g., tin), ions of a second, more noble, metal (e.g., silver), and the substrate; a separation structure positioned between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, where the separation structure substantially prevents transfer of more noble metal from catholyte to the anolyte; and fluidic features and an associated controller coupled to the apparatus and configured to perform continuous electroplating, while maintaining substantially constant concentrations of plating bath components for extended periods of use.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are cleaning discs for cleaning one or more elements of a semiconductor processing apparatus. In some embodiments, the disc may have a substantially circular upper surface, a substantially circular lower surface, a substantially circular edge joining the upper and lower surfaces, and a plurality of pores opening at the edge and having an interior extending into the interior of the disc. In some embodiments, the pores are dimensioned such that a cleaning agent may be retained in the interior of the pores by an adhesive force between the cleaning agent and the interior surface of the pores. Also disclosed herein are cleaning methods involving loading a cleaning agent into a plurality of pores of a cleaning disc, positioning the cleaning disc within a semiconductor processing apparatus, and releasing cleaning agent from the plurality of pores such that elements of the apparatus are contacted by the released cleaning agent.
摘要:
Disclosed are pre-wetting apparatus designs and methods. These apparatus designs and methods are used to pre-wet a wafer prior to plating a metal on the surface of the wafer. Disclosed compositions of the pre-wetting fluid prevent corrosion of a seed layer on the wafer and also improve the filling rates of features on the wafer.
摘要:
Method and apparatus for reducing metal oxide surfaces to modified metal surfaces are disclosed. Metal oxide surfaces are reduced to form a film integrated with a metal seed layer by contacting a solution with a reducing agent with the metal oxide surfaces. The solution with the reducing agent can contact the metal oxide surfaces under conditions that form an integrated film with the metal seed layer, and that reduces reoxidation from exposure the ambient environment. In some embodiments, an additive can be included with the reducing agent to form a surface protecting layer on the metal seed layer. In some embodiments, the metal is copper used in damascene copper structures.
摘要:
A method of treating a copper containing structure on a substrate is disclosed. The method includes electrodepositing the copper containing structure on a substrate, annealing the copper containing structure, and forming an interface between a pad of the copper containing structure and a solder structure after anneal. The interface can have improved resistance to interfacial voiding. The copper containing structure is configured to deliver current between one or more ports and one or more solder structures in the integrated circuit package. Annealing the copper containing structure can move impurities and vacancies to the surface of the copper containing structure for subsequent removal.