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    Safety steering column made of fiber-reinforced synthetic materials
    82.
    发明授权
    Safety steering column made of fiber-reinforced synthetic materials 失效
    由纤维增强合成材料制成的安全转向柱

    公开(公告)号：US4589679A

    公开(公告)日：1986-05-20

    申请号：US615347

    申请日：1984-05-30

    申请人： Peter Wackerle ,  Ralf-Thilo Schulz ,  Franz Sperber ,  Wolfram Koletzko ,  Wolfgang Prochaska

    发明人： Peter Wackerle ,  Ralf-Thilo Schulz ,  Franz Sperber ,  Wolfram Koletzko ,  Wolfgang Prochaska

    IPC分类号： B32B5/00 ,  B29C53/58 ,  B29C70/20 ,  B32B1/08 ,  B62D1/18 ,  B62D1/19 ,  F16C3/02

    CPC分类号： B62D1/192 ,  B29C70/207 ,  B29C53/58

    摘要： A safety steering column made of wound fiber-reinforced synthetic materials manufactured economically and simply, yet simultaneously with due regard to its deformation characteristics in response to axial compressive overloading under various operating conditions. For this purpose the steering column is wound as a rotationally symmetrical tubular body having five component integral sections (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). The component sections (3 and 7) are relatively thick-walled connecting tubes to provide a torque input section and a torque output section provided with connectors (8) for steering wheel hub and for a steering mechanism. An intermediate section (5) of the steering column is a cylindrical, relatively thin-walled tube with a larger diameter (d.sub.2) compared to the connecting sections. Conical transition sections (4 and 6) preferably extend between the intermediate section and the connecting tubes or sections. The wall thickness of these transition sections diminishes uniformly from the connecting section in the direction toward the intermediate section for improving the buckling ability. A geodetic winding procedure is preferably applied for winding the columns.

    摘要翻译： 由缠绕的纤维增强合成材料制成的安全转向柱经济地和简单地制造，同时适当地考虑到其在各种操作条件下的轴向压缩过载的变形特性。 为此，转向柱被卷绕成具有五个部件积分部分（3,4,5,6和7）的旋转对称管状体。 部件部分（3和7）是相对厚壁的连接管，以提供转矩输入部分和设置有用于方向盘轮毂和转向机构的连接器（8）的扭矩输出部分。 转向柱的中间部分（5）是与连接部分相比具有较大直径（d2）的圆柱形相对薄壁的管。 锥形过渡部分（4和6）优选地在中间部分和连接管或部分之间延伸。 这些过渡部分的壁厚在朝向中间部分的方向上从连接部分均匀地减小，以提高屈曲能力。 优选地应用大地测量卷绕程序以卷绕柱。

    Method of making composite aircraft wing
    83.
    发明授权
    Method of making composite aircraft wing 失效
    复合飞机机翼的制作方法

    公开(公告)号：US4565595A

    公开(公告)日：1986-01-21

    申请号：US514283

    申请日：1983-06-06

    申请人： Philip C. Whitener

    发明人： Philip C. Whitener

    IPC分类号： B29C53/58 ,  B29C70/08 ,  B29C70/24 ,  B29C70/50 ,  B29D24/00 ,  B29D99/00 ,  B64C1/06 ,  B64C3/18 ,  B32B5/00

    CPC分类号： B64C3/185 ,  B29C70/08 ,  B29C70/24 ,  B29C70/50 ,  B29D24/001 ,  B29D24/005 ,  B29D24/008 ,  B29D99/0003 ,  B29C53/58 ,  B29L2031/3085 ,  B29L2031/767 ,  Y02T50/433

    摘要： A pair of specially reinforced skin-spar joints in combination with a honeycomb core are used to build up a wing spar for a composite airplane wing. A series of contoured mandrels with a covering of fuel resistant material and a wrapped reinforced plastic are aligned one above the other. The wing spar materials are placed between the mandrels, honeycomb core is located alongside as well as wing skins to form a wing buildup. The buildup is placed in a mold, pressure applied to each mandrel forcing all the parts together, and the buildup heated to cure the resins and form a composite wing structure.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US83 / 00893 Sec。 371日期：1983年6月6日 102（e）日期1983年6月6日PCT Filed June 6，1983 PCT Pub。 出版物WO84 / 04905 1984年12月20日。一对特别加强的皮肤 - 翼梁接头与蜂窝芯组合使用，用于建立复合飞机机翼的翼梁。 一系列具有耐燃材料和缠绕的增强塑料的轮廓的心轴一个一个地对齐。 翼梁材料放置在心轴之间，蜂窝芯位于边缘以及机翼外壳上，形成机翼积木。 将积聚物放置在模具中，施加到每个心轴上的压力迫使所有部件在一起，并且积聚被加热以固化树脂并形成复合翼结构。

    Optical fiber cable
    86.
    发明授权
    Optical fiber cable 失效
    光纤电缆

    公开(公告)号：US3937559A

    公开(公告)日：1976-02-10

    申请号：US465827

    申请日：1974-05-01

    申请人： Antonio Ferrentino ,  Germano Beretta

    发明人： Antonio Ferrentino ,  Germano Beretta

    IPC分类号： B29C53/58 ,  B29C65/14 ,  G02B6/44 ,  H01B11/00 ,  H01B13/00 ,  G02B5/16

    CPC分类号： B29C66/1122 ,  B29C65/1432 ,  B29C65/1464 ,  B29C66/433 ,  B29C66/45 ,  B29C66/73921 ,  B29C66/83413 ,  B32B37/04 ,  G02B6/4403 ,  G02B6/4479 ,  G02B6/448 ,  G02B6/449 ,  B29C53/58 ,  B29C65/1412 ,  B29C66/71 ,  B29C66/73361 ,  B29C70/687 ,  B32B2310/0825

    摘要： An optical fiber band comprising a pair of thermally sealed thermoplastic films with a plurality of optical fibers in side-by-side relation and following undulate paths embedded therebetween, and a telecommunication signal cable formed by winding a plurality of such bands around an insulated metal rope. The thermoplastic films and the fibers are fed between rollers or cylinders while the fibers are undulated. The films are heated to their softening temperature on at least parts of their facing surfaces prior to reaching the cylinders. The films may each be composite films of different temperature characteristics or may be wider than the final band, heated only at their central portions and then trimmed to the final band size.The present invention relates to an optical fiber cable for transmitting signals and which is particularly useful as a telecommunication cable.As is known in the art, optical fibers are fibers of glass or of synthetic plastic material, having a very small diameter, of the order of 0.1 to 0.01 mm., and comprise a tubular core and a sheath, the index of refraction of the sheath being smaller than that of the core, for example, from 1.50 to 1.52 as compared to 1.56 to 1.64 for the core. Owing to this difference in the index of refraction between the materials constituting the core and the sheath, light, entering one end of the fiber, is totally reflected inside the fiber itself and can be transmitted along the axis of the fiber, even if the fiber is curvilinear, as far as the other end of the fiber. By employing particular types of highly transparent glass, it has been possible to transmit the light from one end of the fiber to the other with very little attenuation.Optical fibers of this type can be of interest also as a means for the transmission of signals in telecommunication systems. Their employment involves, however, some problems, chiefly deriving from the typical physical and mechanical properties of said fibers. In fact, it must be taken into account that although these fibers, which are extremely thin, can resist in a satisfactory way tension stresses applied thereto, such fibers have a low ultimate elongation, and are, therefore, brittle. It follows that, in order to use them in telecommunication cables, in which they are to be grouped together in a unit to constitute the means for transmitting signals, it is first of all necessary to solve the problems involved in distributing them uniformly and limiting the deformations and the stresses which can act on the fibers both during the cable construction and during its laying and service, in order to ensure that all of the fibers forming the unit may remain uninterrupted.A further problem is the difficulty of being able to identify, in the transmission system formed by a unit of a plurality of fibers, the many incoming and outgoing ends, as is normally required in conventional telecommunication cables.Applicants have discovered that it is possible to eliminate the hereinbefore described problems and thereby make it possible to use in an appropriate manner optical fibers as a means for transmitting signals in telecommunication systems.Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber cable which is particularly suitable to be used as a means for transmitting signals in telecommunication systems, characterized in that it is of a predetermined length and comprises at least two bandshaped films of synthetic thermoplastic material between which is embedded a plurality of optical fibers in side-by-side relation, each fiber following an undulate path, the total length of which, that is, the length of the fiber when stretched so that it is rectilinear, has a value which does not exceed said predetermined length by more than 10% thereof, and hence, does not exceed the length of the band-shaped films by more than 10%. The resulting structure is a composite band of predetermined length comprising undulated optical fibers sandwiched between films of synthetic thermoplastic resin, and said films are sealed together.The above-described composite band can contain a large number of optical fibers, preferably about 50 optical fibers. Since said fibers normally have a diameter ranging between 0.1 and 0.01 mm and the width of the band preferably is not greater than about 30 mm, the pitch of the undulate path of the optical fibers contained in the films of thermoplastic synthetic material, i.e., the number of undulations per unit length of the band, is not critical in obtaining the composite band of the invention. The pitch can be varied within wide limits, provided that the length of the undulate path of the fibers has a value of the order of magnitude set forth hereinbefore.The composite band according to the invention permits the obtaining of a uniform distribution of the optical fibers, even if these are in large number. At the same time, by virtue of the undulate path of the fibers between the films forming the band and the elastic properties typical of said films, there is the advantage that, when the band, in the course of its application, is subjected to tension or bending stresses within the elastic limits of the films, the optical fibers are hardly stressed.The optical fibers which are provided in a large number between the films to form the composite band preferably are light isolated from one another, in order to prevent the transmission of light in a fiber from being affected or disturbed by light emission coming from the adjacent optical fibers. To this end, the films forming the composite band are constituted by synthetic thermoplastic material loaded with a light absorbing material, such as carbon black.The synthetic thermoplastic material forming the films can be polyethylene or other polyolefines, polyamides or polyesters or combinations of said materials in the form of laminated films.A further object of the present invention is a process for building up the above-indicated composite band. Said process comprises the steps of:-- causing at least two films of synthetic thermoplastic material, preferably loaded with carbon black, to pass between at least one pair of facing cylinders, said films being previously heated in a continuous way, for a width corresponding to that of said composite band, to a temperature higher than the softening point of said synthetic thermoplastic material and said films reaching said pair of cylinders so disposed that their respective longitudinal planes of symmetry are coincident;-- supplying simultaneously to said pair of cylinders, a plurality of optical fibers in such a way that they are fed between said two films of synthetic thermoplastic material and are laid on one of such films, said optical fibers having previously been caused to pass through a comb-like device situated immediately before the pair of cylinders and having a to-and-fro movement transversely to the fibers, so that each of said optical fibers is arranged between said films in an undulate path;-- exerting a pressure, at least by means of said pair of cylinders, on said films having said optical fibers therebetween during their passage through the cylinders; and-- collecting, after cooling if necessary, the so obtained composite band.When the two previously heated films of synthetic thermoplastic material are pressed against each other during their passage between said cylinders, the optical fibers which arrive at the cylinders following an undulate path are embedded in such shape in the films. The temperature to which said films are previously heated is, as previously mentioned, higher than the softening point of the synthetic thermoplastic material of which they are made, in order to ensure a perfect sealing together of the films as a result of the pressure exerted by the cylinders.In order to prevent undesirable stretching of the films during their passage between the cylinders, the band is initially formed, according to an alternative embodiment of the process of the invention, of films having a width greater than that of the final composite band to be formed, and the surfaces of the film are previously heated only at their central zones. Before collecting the so obtained composite band, the films, sealed together, are cut at their lateral portions to remove the excess film which is not required for the width of the final composite band.According to a further alternative embodiment of the hereinbefore described process, the films have a width corresponding to that of the final composite band which it is desired to obtain, and each of said films is layered, at its surface opposite so that intended to be heated, with a so-called "supporting" film having the same length and made of a synthetic thermoplastic material, the softening point of which is higher than that of the material on which it is superimposed.The preliminary heating to which the surface of the inner films are subjected is then carried out at a temperature lower than the softening point of the synthetic material forming the so-called "supporting" films. In this way the two-layered composite films which reach the pair of cylinders are appropriately prepared to embed the optical fibers and to be sealed together. At the same time they are sufficiently resistant, at the outer portion of the band being formed, to withstand tension stresses exerted on the latter and to prevent the occurrence of undue stretching of the films. In this case, the composite band is constituted by four films with the optical fibers disposed with one pair of films on one side thereof and with the other pair of films on the other side thereof.The supporting films can be made of a synthetic thermoplastic material analogous to or different from that forming the films intended to embed the optical fibers provided that, as previously mentioned, said synthetic material of the supporting films has a softening point higher than that of the material constituting the inner films.Since the supporting films have a mere mechanical sustaining function, they can be constituted by sheets of another material, for example, paper, coated with a releasing adhesive agent at their surface intended to come into contact with the films of synthetic thermoplastic material in which the fibers are embedded. At the end of the process, before the collection of the composite band, the supporting sheets may be removed so that the resulting band is constituted by only two plastic films in which the optical fibers are embedded. In other words, the final band is the same as the one obtained by following the first embodiment of the process according to the invention.By means of the composite band built up and obtained as described, it is possible to provide an advantageous means for the transmission of signals in telecommunication cables. A further object of the present invention is, therefore, a telecommunication cable which comprises, for the transmission of signals, a plurality of composite bands of definite length as described hereinbefore.In practice, said cable is obtained by winding several composite bands of the invention about a carrying element, for example, a metallic rope, which is previously covered with a layer of synthetic thermoplastic material loaded with carbon black. To facilitate the identification of the various incoming and outgoing ends, each of the composite bands in the cable is provided with at least one film of a predetermined color. As can be understood, it is then possible to indicate with suitable marks in each band the series of the optical fibers included therein.

    摘要翻译： 一种光纤带，其包括一对热密封的热塑性膜，其中多个光纤处于并排关系并且在其间嵌入波纹路径，以及电信信号电缆，其通过将多个这样的带缠绕在绝缘金属绳索周围 。 热塑性膜和纤维在辊或滚筒之间进给，而纤维起伏。 电影被加热到他们的softe

    Method for making composite structures
    87.
    发明授权
    Method for making composite structures 失效
    制作复合结构的方法

    公开(公告)号：US3915776A

    公开(公告)日：1975-10-28

    申请号：US39998573

    申请日：1973-09-24

    申请人： KAEMPEN INDUSTRIES

    发明人： KAEMPEN CHARLES E

    IPC分类号： B29C53/58 ,  B29C70/00 ,  B29C70/20 ,  D04D3/04 ,  B32B5/12

    CPC分类号： B29C70/00 ,  B29C53/58 ,  B29C70/207 ,  B29K2105/06 ,  B29K2309/08 ,  B29L2016/00 ,  B29L2023/18

    摘要： A corrugated laminate comprises at least two superimposed plies of continuous filament strands bonded together by a hardened plastic resin. The plies are biaxially pre-tensioned prior to hardening of the resin which impregnates and bonds the strands together in a generally concave parabolic configuration at each corrugation. The laminate finds particular application to tubular structures, such as sewer pipe liner and underground tanks, which contribute to the control and improvement in the quality of the nation''s environment. The method and apparatus for making the laminate in the form of a desired composite structure comprises placing a first ply of unidirectional continuous filament strands upon one or more longitudinally spaced pairs of a gapped forming structure so that the ply bridges each forming gap. After the ends of the first ply are held in place, they are pressed and deflected into the forming gaps by a superimposed second ply containing pretensioned, unidirectional continuous filament strands oriented approximately at right angles to the filament strands of the first ply. The parabolic configuration formed at each corrugation of the laminate results from a substantially uniform pressure which is applied to the first ply by the second or deflecting ply. The filament strands of each laminate ply are thoroughly impregnated with the liquid resin which subsequently hardens to bond and maintain the laminate in its corrugated form.

    摘要翻译： 瓦楞纸层压板包括由硬化的塑料树脂粘合在一起的至少两层连续的长丝股线。 在将树脂硬化之前，双面预拉伸该层，其在每个波纹处以大体上凹的抛物线构型浸渍并粘合在一起。 该层压板特别适用于管道结构，如下水道管道衬管和地下储罐，有助于控制和改善国家环境质量。

    Method and apparatus for producing welded spiral seam pipe
    88.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for producing welded spiral seam pipe 失效
    用于生产焊接螺旋管的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US3818740A

    公开(公告)日：1974-06-25

    申请号：US31272972

    申请日：1972-12-06

    申请人： HOESCH MASCHINENFABRIK AG

    发明人： GEBAUER H

    IPC分类号： B21C37/12 ,  B29C53/58 ,  B29C65/00 ,  B29C65/12 ,  B21B1/00 ,  B23K1/20

    CPC分类号： B29C66/9121 ,  B21C37/126 ,  B29C53/58 ,  B29C65/02 ,  B29C65/12 ,  B29C66/02245 ,  B29C66/0246 ,  B29C66/1162 ,  B29C66/4322 ,  B29C66/4329 ,  B29C66/49 ,  B29C66/836 ,  B29C66/91221 ,  B29C66/91411 ,  B29C66/91645

    摘要： In shaping the lateral edges of an elongated flat section, such as a metal or plastic strip or plate, whether with or without a cover layer or coating, preparatory to welding them in a pipe molding mill for forming spiral seam pipings, the edges are machined, for example, with a cutting torch, to provide a pair of bevels on each edge. The beveled portions of the lateral edges intersect in an outwardly projecting apex spaced from each of the surfaces defining the opposite faces of the section. On the opposite lateral edges the apices are offset relative to one another so that an overlapped arrangement is provided when the opposite edges are positioned for the spiral seam welding operation.

    摘要翻译： 在成形细长扁平部分（例如金属或塑料条或板）的侧边缘，无论是否覆盖层或涂层，准备将其焊接在用于形成螺旋缝管的管式成型机中，边缘被加工 例如使用割炬，在每个边缘上提供一对斜面。 侧边缘的倾斜部分与向外突出的顶点相交，每个表面限定了该部分的相对面。 在相对的侧边缘上，顶点相对于彼此偏移，使得当相对边缘被定位用于螺旋缝焊接操作时，提供重叠布置。