公开(公告)号：US5663639A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-02

申请号：US183057

申请日：1994-01-18

申请人： Elliott R. Brown ,  Frank W. Smith

发明人： Elliott R. Brown ,  Frank W. Smith

IPC分类号： H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/108 ,  H01S5/062 ,  G01R19/00 ,  H01J40/14 ,  H04B10/06

CPC分类号： H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/1085 ,  H01S5/0623

摘要： An apparatus and method for optical heterodyne conversion and a radiation source and integrated diagnostics using the apparatus and method are disclosed. The radiation source can operate in a high-power narrow-band mode in which a constant-frequency output is provided or in a low-power broadband mode in which the frequency is tunable to allow the radiation source to act as a sweep oscillator. The apparatus or photomixer includes two sets of interdigitated conductive electrodes formed on top of a crystal lattice formed of column III-V compounds, particularly InAlGaAs compounds. Additional column V atoms are interspersed within the lattice structure to form defect energy states in the bandgap of the host material. The region of the material between the interdigitated electrodes is illuminated by optical radiation containing two different frequencies. Photon absorption in the material causes a current at the difference frequency to be generated and coupled to the interdigitated electrodes. The current is then coupled to a planar transmission line or antenna structure to generate coherent, continuous-wave, unimodal radiation in the microwave, millimeter-wave, or submillimeter-wave regions.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于光学外差转换的装置和方法以及使用该装置和方法的辐射源和综合诊断。 辐射源可以在其中提供恒定频率输出的高功率窄带模式中工作，或者在频率可调的低功率宽带模式中工作，以允许辐射源充当扫频振荡器。 该装置或光混混器包括形成在由III-V族化合物，特别是InAlGaAs化合物形成的晶格之上的两组交叉指导电极。 额外的列V原子散布在晶格结构内，以在主体材料的带隙中形成缺陷能态。 交叉电极之间的材料区域被包含两个不同频率的光辐射照射。 材料中的光子吸收导致产生差频的电流并耦合到叉指电极。 然后将电流耦合到平面传输线或天线结构，以在微波，毫米波或亚毫米波区域中产生相干，连续波，单峰辐射。

公开(公告)号：US5900624A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-04

申请号：US654642

申请日：1996-05-29

申请人： Simon Verghese ,  Elliott R. Brown ,  Qing Hu

发明人： Simon Verghese ,  Elliott R. Brown ,  Qing Hu

IPC分类号： G06E3/00 ,  H01J40/14

CPC分类号： G06E3/005

摘要： An optical correlator for correlating incident optical signals is described. The correlator comprises a transmission line in close juxtaposition to a photoconductor. The photoconductor may be positioned within the transmission line. The transmission line and the photoconductor may be monolithically integrated on a substrate. The optical correlator has an electrical non-linear response to the incident optical signals that results from a voltage divider formed from the combination of the transmission line and the photoconductor. The electrical non-linear response is proportional to a second-order intensity autocorrelation function g.sup.(2) (.tau.). The response time of the electrical nonlinear response is less than the width of the narrowest pulse of the optical signals and may be less than twenty picoseconds.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于相关入射光信号的光相关器。 相关器包括与光电导体紧密并置的传输线。 光电导体可以位于传输线内。 传输线和光电导体可以单片集成在基板上。 光学相关器对由传输线和感光体的组合形成的分压器产生的入射光信号具有电非线性响应。 电非线性响应与二阶强度自相关函数g（2）（τ）成比例。 电子非线性响应的响应时间小于光信号最窄脉冲的宽度，可能小于二十皮秒。

公开(公告)号：US5386215A

公开(公告)日：1995-01-31

申请号：US979291

申请日：1992-11-20

申请人： Elliott R. Brown

发明人： Elliott R. Brown

IPC分类号： H01Q1/38 ,  H01Q9/06 ,  H01Q15/00 ,  H01Q21/00 ,  H01Q21/06 ,  H01Q9/28

CPC分类号： H01Q15/006 ,  H01Q1/38 ,  H01Q21/0093 ,  H01Q21/062 ,  H01Q9/065

摘要： Efficient transmission and reception of electromagnetic radiation are achieved by an antenna on a substrate. An antenna is fabricated on the top surface of a substrate which includes a periodic dielectric structure. The antenna operates at a frequency within the band gap of the periodic dielectric structure. Radiation emitted by the antenna cannot propagate through the structure and is therefore emitted only into space away from the substrate. When the antenna is receiving, radiation striking the device does not propagate through the substrate but is concentrated at the antenna. A phased array with isolated elements is achieved by fabricating the array elements on top of a substrate having a periodic dielectric structure and by surrounding the circuits associated with each antenna element with the periodic dielectric structure. Radiation from an element or associated circuitry at a frequency within the band gap of the structure cannot propagate into the substrate to interfere with other elements.

摘要翻译： 通过基板上的天线实现电磁辐射的高效传输和接收。 在包括周期性电介质结构的衬底的顶表面上制造天线。 天线以周期性电介质结构的带隙内的频率工作。 由天线发射的辐射不能传播通过该结构，因此仅发射离开衬底的空间。 当天线接收时，撞击设备的辐射不会传播通过基板，而是集中在天线。 具有隔离元件的相控阵列通过在具有周期性电介质结构的衬底的顶部上制造阵列元件并且通过周期性介电结构围绕与每个天线元件相关联的电路来实现。 在结构的带隙内的频率处的元件或相关联的电路的辐射不能传播到衬底中以干扰其他元件。

公开(公告)号：US09356170B2

公开(公告)日：2016-05-31

申请号：US14215804

申请日：2014-03-17

申请人： Elliott R. Brown ,  John R. Middendorf ,  John S. Cetnar

发明人： Elliott R. Brown ,  John R. Middendorf ,  John S. Cetnar

IPC分类号： H01L31/0352 ,  H01L31/108 ,  G01N21/552

CPC分类号： H01L31/035281 ,  G01N21/554 ,  H01L31/03046 ,  H01L31/035209 ,  H01L31/108 ,  Y02E10/544 ,  Y02P70/521

摘要： Terahertz (THz) distributed detectors, and arrays of detectors that utilize structured surface plasmonic effects for more efficient coupling to free space are discussed. One example distributed detector includes a detector junction comprising a Schottky or tunneling interface between a semiconductor and a detector metal, an ohmic junction comprising an ohmic interface between the semiconductor and an ohmic metal, and a gap that separates the detector junction from the ohmic junction. Structured surface plasmons concentrate an electric field in the gap when the distributed detector is exposed to THz radiation polarized perpendicular to the gap.

摘要翻译： 讨论了太赫兹（THz）分布式检测器和利用结构化表面等离子体效应的检测器阵列，以更有效地耦合到自由空间。 一个示例性分布式检测器包括检测器结，其包括在半导体和检测器金属之间的肖特基或隧道界面，包括半导体和欧姆金属之间的欧姆接口的欧姆接头以及将检测器接头与欧姆接头分开的间隙。 当分布式检测器暴露于垂直于间隙偏振的THz辐射时，结构化表面等离子体质子将间隙中的电场集中。

公开(公告)号：US20150280036A1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-01

申请号：US14215804

申请日：2014-03-17

申请人： Elliott R. Brown ,  John R. Middendorf ,  John S. Cetnar

发明人： Elliott R. Brown ,  John R. Middendorf ,  John S. Cetnar

IPC分类号： H01L31/0352 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H01L31/108

CPC分类号： H01L31/035281 ,  G01N21/554 ,  H01L31/03046 ,  H01L31/035209 ,  H01L31/108 ,  Y02E10/544 ,  Y02P70/521

摘要： Terahertz (THz) distributed detectors, and arrays of detectors that utilize structured surface plasmonic effects for more efficient coupling to free space are discussed. One example distributed detector includes a detector junction comprising a Schottky or tunneling interface between a semiconductor and a detector metal, an ohmic junction comprising an ohmic interface between the semiconductor and an ohmic metal, and a gap that separates the detector junction from the ohmic junction. Structured surface plasmons concentrate an electric field in the gap when the distributed detector is exposed to THz radiation polarized perpendicular to the gap.

摘要翻译： 讨论了太赫兹（THz）分布式检测器和利用结构化表面等离子体效应的检测器阵列，以更有效地耦合到自由空间。 一个示例性分布式检测器包括检测器结，其包括在半导体和检测器金属之间的肖特基或隧道界面，包括半导体和欧姆金属之间的欧姆接口的欧姆接头以及将检测器接头与欧姆接头分开的间隙。 当分布式检测器暴露于垂直于间隙偏振的THz辐射时，结构化表面等离子体质子将间隙中的电场集中。

公开(公告)号：US20110084879A1

公开(公告)日：2011-04-14

申请号：US11757324

申请日：2007-06-01

申请人： Elliott R. Brown ,  Rodney F. Sinclair

发明人： Elliott R. Brown ,  Rodney F. Sinclair

IPC分类号： H01Q1/00

CPC分类号： H01Q3/2647

摘要： Embodiments provide radio-frequency systems that can automatically detect, focus-on, and track objects in the environment without the need for expensive electronic scanning and phase-shifting components. Some embodiments are directed to retrodirective systems including: (1) quiescently broadcast pseudorandom-modulated radiation, such as pseudorandom bit sequences, in the absence of a target, over a field-of-view comparable to the beam solid angle of a single element in the transmit array; (2) a receive antenna element or array, in a desired spatial relationship with respect to the transmit antenna array, that receives reflected pseudorandom radiation from a target; and (3) an electronic signal-processing and feedback channel between the receive and transmit arrays that carries out cross-correlation between the received radiation and the transmitted pseudorandom signals and computes complex correlation coefficients to form a re-transmitted beam. Some embodiments are useful for short-range applications involving small and fast moving targets.

摘要翻译： 实施例提供了能够自动检测，聚焦和跟踪环境中的物体而不需要昂贵的电子扫描和相移部件的射频系统。 一些实施例涉及逆向系统，包括：（1）在不存在目标的情况下，静态地广播伪随机调制的辐射，诸如伪随机比特序列，可以与单个元素的波束立体角相当 发射阵列; （2）接收天线元件或阵列，其以相对于发射天线阵列的期望的空间关系接收来自目标的反射伪随机辐射; 以及（3）接收和发射阵列之间的电子信号处理和反馈信道，其执行所接收的辐射与所发射的伪随机信号之间的互相关，并且计算复相关系数以形成再发射波束。 一些实施例对于涉及小型和快速移动目标的短距离应用是有用的。

公开(公告)号：US5672007A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-30

申请号：US369621

申请日：1995-01-06

申请人： Elliott R. Brown ,  Gregory G. Hogan ,  Gerald M. Daniels

发明人： Elliott R. Brown ,  Gregory G. Hogan ,  Gerald M. Daniels

IPC分类号： G01B15/02 ,  G01R23/163 ,  G01N25/00 ,  G01B11/06

CPC分类号： G01R23/163 ,  G01B15/02

摘要： A radiometer is described which coherently detects the thickness of oil films on water by converting continuous-frequency microwave or millimeter-wave brightness temperature versus frequency measurements from the frequency/wavenumber domain to the oil-film-thickness domain (received power versus film thickness).

摘要翻译： 描述了一种辐射计，其通过将连续频率微波或毫米波亮度温度与频率/波数域的频率测量值转换为油膜厚度域（接收功率对膜厚度）相干地检测水上油膜的厚度。 。

公开(公告)号：US20190027644A1

公开(公告)日：2019-01-24

申请号：US15714749

申请日：2017-09-25

申请人： Elliott R. Brown ,  Weidong Zhang ,  Tyler Growden ,  Paul R. Berger ,  David Storm ,  David Meyer

发明人： Elliott R. Brown ,  Weidong Zhang ,  Tyler Growden ,  Paul R. Berger ,  David Storm ,  David Meyer

IPC分类号： H01L33/06 ,  H01L29/20 ,  H01L29/88 ,  H01L33/32 ,  H01S5/343 ,  H01L33/50 ,  H01S5/14 ,  H01S5/187 ,  H01S5/02 ,  H01S5/042 ,  H01S5/183 ,  H01L33/00 ,  H01L33/12 ,  C02F1/32

摘要： Gallium nitride based devices and, more particularly to the generation of holes in gallium nitride based devices lacking p-type doping, and their use in light emitting diodes and lasers, both edge emitting and vertical emitting. By tailoring the intrinsic design, a wide range of wavelengths can be emitted from near-infrared to mid ultraviolet, depending upon the design of the adjacent cross-gap recombination zone. The innovation also provides for novel circuits and unique applications, particularly for water sterilization.

公开(公告)号：US20180231475A1

公开(公告)日：2018-08-16

申请号：US15489176

申请日：2017-04-17

申请人： Elliott R. Brown ,  Weidong Zhang

发明人： Elliott R. Brown ,  Weidong Zhang

IPC分类号： G01N22/04 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/05

CPC分类号： A61B5/7228 ,  A61B5/05 ,  A61B5/443 ,  A61B5/4875 ,  A61B5/7203 ,  A61B5/7225 ,  A61B2562/029

摘要： A hydration sensor is provided that includes a circulator having a plurality of ports, an amplitude-modulated coherent source connected to a first port of the circulator, a rectifier or other power sensor connected to a second port of the circulator followed by an RF baseband low-noise amplifier, a coupling structure connected to the third port of the circulator, and a demodulator connected to the output of the rectifier. The hydration sensor can include an RF low noise amplifier between the circulator and rectifier, and/or a second amplitude modulator between the circulator and the coupling structure. The coupling structure can be either a guided-wave near-field structure or an interfacial capacitive or inductive element. In the former case, the hydration is determined by measuring the reflectivity of the guided-wave radiation, and in the latter case it is determined by measuring the change of reflectivity (through change of impedance) of the interfacial element.

公开(公告)号：US20120007698A1

公开(公告)日：2012-01-12

申请号：US13205357

申请日：2011-08-08

申请人： Elliott R. Brown ,  John D. Evans ,  Christopher A. Bang ,  Adam L. Cohen ,  Michael S. Lockard ,  Dennis R. Smalley ,  Morton Grosser

发明人： Elliott R. Brown ,  John D. Evans ,  Christopher A. Bang ,  Adam L. Cohen ,  Michael S. Lockard ,  Dennis R. Smalley ,  Morton Grosser

IPC分类号： H01P1/207 ,  C25D5/02

CPC分类号： H01P1/202 ,  B33Y10/00 ,  B33Y70/00 ,  B81B2201/042 ,  C25D1/003 ,  G01P15/0802 ,  G01P15/125 ,  H01P3/06 ,  H01P5/183 ,  H01P11/00 ,  H01P11/005 ,  H01P11/007 ,  H05K3/4647 ,  Y10T29/49002 ,  Y10T29/49016 ,  Y10T29/49018

摘要： RF and microwave radiation directing or controlling components are provided that may be monolithic, that may be formed from a plurality of electrodeposition operations and/or from a plurality of deposited layers of material, that may include switches, inductors, antennae, transmission lines, filters, and/or other active or passive components. Components may include non-radiation-entry and non-radiation-exit channels that are useful in separating sacrificial materials from structural materials. Preferred formation processes use electrochemical fabrication techniques (e.g. including selective depositions, bulk depositions, etching operations and planarization operations) and post-deposition processes (e.g. selective etching operations and/or back filling operations).

摘要翻译： 提供RF和微波辐射引导或控制部件，其可以是单片的，其可以由多个电沉积操作和/或从多个沉积的材料层形成，其可以包括开关，电感器，天线，传输线，滤波器 ，和/或其他主动或被动部件。 部件可以包括用于将牺牲材料与结构材料分离的非辐射入口和非辐射出口通道。 优选的形成方法使用电化学制造技术（例如包括选择性沉积，体积沉积，蚀刻操作和平坦化操作）和后沉积工艺（例如选择性蚀刻操作和/或反向填充操作）。