摘要:
A particulate filter (22) for removing particulates included in an exhaust gas discharged from a combustion chamber (5) is arranged in an engine exhaust passage. The particulate filter has wall partitions (54) which the exhaust gas can pass through. The particulates included in the exhaust gas are removed by oxidation in the interior of the partitions. The particulates are fluidized in the interior of the partitions.
摘要:
An NO.sub.x absorbent (18) is disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and the exhaust gas is constantly made to circulate through the NO.sub.x absorbent (18) during the operation of the engine. The NO.sub.x absorbent (18) absorbs the NO.sub.x when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.x absorbent (18) is lean and releases the absorbed NO.sub.x when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.x absorbent (18) becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich. In the majority of the engine operation region, the lean air-fuel mixture is burned in the combustion chamber (3), and the NO.sub.x generated at this time is absorbed into the NO.sub.x absorbent (18). The air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.x absorbent (18) is periodically made the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich, and the NO.sub.x absorbed in the NO.sub.x absorbent (18) is released, and simultaneously reduced.
摘要:
An apparatus is provided which includes an internal combustion engine of a lean-burn type, an NOx catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine so as to remove nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas emitted from the engine, and a variable valve control system capable of changing at least one of the opening and closing timing and a lift of the intake valve and/or the exhaust valve for each cylinder of the engine. The variable valve control system is controlled so that the exhaust gas to which the NOx catalyst is exposed is controlled so as to be suitable for removing a selected gaseous component from the NOx catalyst when the selected gaseous component should be removed. A method of purifying an exhaust gas emitted from the above engine is also provided.
摘要:
An apparatus is provided which includes an internal combustion engine of a lean-burn type, an NOx catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine so as to remove nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas emitted from the engine, and a variable valve control system capable of changing at least one of the opening and closing timing and a lift of the intake valve and/or the exhaust valve for each cylinder of the engine. The variable valve control system is controlled so that the exhaust gas to which the NOx catalyst is exposed is controlled so as to be suitable for removing a selected gaseous component from the NOx catalyst when the selected gaseous component should be removed. A method of purifying an exhaust gas emitted from the above engine is also provided.
摘要:
An NO.sub.x absorber (18) is arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. The NO.sub.x absorber (18) absorbs the NO.sub.x when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.x absorber (18) is lean while releases the absorbed NO.sub.x when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO.sub.x absorber (18) becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich. An air-fuel ratio sensor (22) is arranged in the exhaust passage downstream of the NO.sub.x absorber (18). When the air-fuel ratio detected by the air-fuel ratio sensor (22) is switched from lean to rich after the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into NO.sub.x absorber (18) is switched from lean to rich, it is decided that the releasing action of NO.sub.x from the NO.sub.x absorber (18) is completed.
摘要:
An NO.sub.x absorbent (19) which absorbs NO.sub.x when an air-fuel ratio of an inflowing exhaust gas is lean, while releases the absorbed NO.sub.x when lowering an oxygen concentration in the inflowing exhaust gas, is arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. An SO.sub.x absorbent (18) which absorbs SO.sub.x when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is lean, while releases the absorbed SO.sub.x when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is made rich is arranged in the exhaust passage on the upstream side of the NO.sub.x absorbent (19). When the lean air-fuel mixture is burned, the SO.sub.x is absorbed into the SO.sub.x absorbent (18) and, at the same time, the NO.sub.x is absorbed into the NO.sub.x absorbent (19), and when the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is switched from lean to rich, SO.sub.x is released from the SO.sub.x absorbent (18), and NO.sub.x is released from the SO.sub.x absorbent (19 ).
摘要:
Disclosed is a synthesis method for synthesizing in a short time and selectively a microcrystal of a polymer complex having three three-dimensionally and regularly arranged channels.Specifically disclosed is a synthesis method of a polymer complex crystal wherein (1) a metallic solution, which is a mixture of zinc halide(II) and a solvent A that can dissolve the zinc halide, is mixed with (2) a ligand solution, which is a mixture of a tridentate ligand that has three coordination sites coordinated to zinc of the zinc halide and a solvent B that can dissolve the tridentate ligand, to be a single-phase solution, thereby synthesizing a microcrystal of a polymer complex having a three-dimensional coordination network formed by coordinating the tridentate ligand to the zinc and having channels that are three-dimensionally and regularly arranged in the three-dimensional coordination network.
摘要:
The invention is to improve antenna performance in an internal antenna in a closed state without deteriorating the antenna performance in a state where a foldable portable radio apparatus is opened. A foldable portable radio apparatus includes a foldable mechanism in which an upper casing 101 and a lower casing 104 are rotatably connected, a first conductor plate 102 and a second conductor plate 103 that are provided in the upper casing 101, and a feeding system that is provided in the lower casing 104, and connects an antenna element 107, a circuit board 105, the first conductor plate 102, and the circuit board, a detecting unit 109 that detects opened and closed states between the upper casing 101 and the lower casing 104, and a first switching unit 110 that switches between an electrically opened state and an electrically short-circuited state between the first conductor plate and the second conductor plate according to the detected result by the detecting unit 109.
摘要:
To prevent the local heating of an electronic apparatus chassis, there is provided a push button switch (10), which comprises a substrate (11) having a first contacting part (11a) and a second contacting part (11b) operable to be brought into electrical conduction with the first contacting part (11a), and a flexible electrically insulating sheet (13) covering the substrate (11) and having a click portion (13a) on the inside of which the first and second contacting parts are disposed to be brought into and out of electrical conduction therebetween in response to depression of the click portion. The electrically insulating sheet (13) includes a heat conducting layer (14) extending along the substrate (11).
摘要:
A cooling system of an internal combustion engine has a plurality of cylinder coolant passages. Each of the passages is provided for one of a plurality of cylinders. The plurality of cylinder coolant passages has grooves provided on outer surfaces of cylinder liners of the plurality of cylinders. The system also includes a cylinder head coolant passage located so as to extend in a cylinder head and a coolant supply for supplying coolant to the cylinder head coolant passage. The cylinder head coolant passage has branch passages connected therewith, each of the branch passages being also connected with respective one of the plurality of cylinder coolant passages.