-
公开(公告)号:US20180028320A1
公开(公告)日:2018-02-01
申请号:US15620338
申请日:2017-06-12
申请人: Peter Forsell
发明人: Peter Forsell
IPC分类号: A61F2/30 , A61B17/16 , A61F2/34 , A61F2/32 , A61L31/14 , A61L31/04 , A61L27/16 , A61F2/48 , A61F2/46 , A61F2/36 , A61F2/38 , A61B18/04 , A61B17/88 , A61B17/86 , A61B17/74 , A61B17/56 , A61M5/142
CPC分类号: A61F2/30756 , A61B17/1604 , A61B17/1617 , A61B17/1631 , A61B17/1637 , A61B17/1664 , A61B17/1666 , A61B17/1668 , A61B17/562 , A61B17/74 , A61B17/86 , A61B17/8805 , A61B17/8816 , A61B17/8822 , A61B17/8833 , A61B18/04 , A61B2017/8838 , A61B2018/046 , A61F2/30 , A61F2/30721 , A61F2/30728 , A61F2/30942 , A61F2/32 , A61F2/34 , A61F2/36 , A61F2/3601 , A61F2/3603 , A61F2/3607 , A61F2/3609 , A61F2/3859 , A61F2/389 , A61F2/46 , A61F2/4618 , A61F2002/30065 , A61F2002/302 , A61F2002/3038 , A61F2002/30387 , A61F2002/30469 , A61F2002/30471 , A61F2002/30492 , A61F2002/30495 , A61F2002/30497 , A61F2002/305 , A61F2002/30507 , A61F2002/30558 , A61F2002/30563 , A61F2002/30565 , A61F2002/30576 , A61F2002/30579 , A61F2002/30583 , A61F2002/30594 , A61F2002/30604 , A61F2002/30668 , A61F2002/3067 , A61F2002/30672 , A61F2002/30673 , A61F2002/30675 , A61F2002/30729 , A61F2002/30754 , A61F2002/30757 , A61F2002/30759 , A61F2002/30878 , A61F2002/30886 , A61F2002/30975 , A61F2002/3241 , A61F2002/3429 , A61F2002/347 , A61F2002/3483 , A61F2002/3496 , A61F2002/3605 , A61F2002/3615 , A61F2002/3631 , A61F2002/365 , A61F2002/4631 , A61F2002/4635 , A61F2002/4655 , A61F2002/4677 , A61F2002/482 , A61F2002/485 , A61F2240/002 , A61F2250/00 , A61F2310/00359 , A61L27/16 , A61L31/042 , A61L31/044 , A61L31/046 , A61L31/148 , A61L2300/406 , A61L2400/06 , A61L2430/24 , A61M5/14276 , A61M2005/14284
摘要: An implantable medical device, for implantation in a mammal knee joint, comprising an artificial contacting surface adapted to replace at least one contacting surface of the knee joint and to be lubricated when implanted in said joint. The medical device further comprises a reservoir comprising a movable wall portion defining the volume of the reservoir, at least one inlet adapted to receive a lubricating fluid from the reservoir, at least one channel at least partly integrated in said artificial contacting surface, wherein the channel is fluidly connected with said at least one inlet for distributing said lubricating fluid to the surface of said artificial contacting surface. The medical device further comprises an operation device adapted to non-invasively transport said lubricating fluid from said reservoir to said artificial contacting surface, and an implantable injection port for refilling said reservoir, wherein the movable wall portion is moved when the reservoir is refilled, such that the volume of the reservoir is increased.
-
公开(公告)号:US20120116530A1
公开(公告)日:2012-05-10
申请号:US13382841
申请日:2010-07-12
申请人: Peter Forsell
发明人: Peter Forsell
IPC分类号: A61F2/36
CPC分类号: A61F2/3603 , A61B17/1604 , A61B17/1617 , A61B17/1631 , A61B17/1666 , A61B17/1668 , A61B17/8816 , A61B17/8822 , A61B17/8833 , A61B2017/8838 , A61F2/30728 , A61F2/30756 , A61F2/32 , A61F2/34 , A61F2/36 , A61F2002/302 , A61F2002/3038 , A61F2002/30387 , A61F2002/30469 , A61F2002/30471 , A61F2002/30492 , A61F2002/30495 , A61F2002/30497 , A61F2002/305 , A61F2002/30576 , A61F2002/30579 , A61F2002/30583 , A61F2002/30594 , A61F2002/30604 , A61F2002/30729 , A61F2002/30754 , A61F2002/30757 , A61F2002/30975 , A61F2002/3241 , A61F2002/3429 , A61F2002/347 , A61F2002/3605 , A61F2002/3631 , A61F2002/4635 , A61F2002/4677 , A61F2310/00359
摘要: A medical device for treating hip joint osteoarthritis by providing a joint surface is provided. The medical device comprises at least two artificial hip joint surface parts, wherein said at least two artificial hip joint surface parts are adapted to be connected to each other to form an artificial hip joint surface during an operation. Furthermore a method of treating a hip joint of a human patient by providing said the medical device is provided. The hip joint comprising a caput femur and an acetabulum, the method comprises the steps of: cutting the skin of said human patient, dissecting an area of the pelvic bone on the opposite side from said acetabulum, creating a hole in said dissected area, said hole passing through said pelvic bone and into said hip joint of said human patient, and providing said medical device to said hip joint, through said hole in said pelvic bone of said human patient.
摘要翻译: 提供了一种通过提供关节表面治疗髋关节骨关节炎的医疗装置。 医疗装置包括至少两个人造髋关节表面部分,其中所述至少两个人造髋关节表面部分适于在操作期间彼此连接以形成人造髋关节表面。 此外,提供了通过提供所述医疗装置来治疗人类患者的髋关节的方法。 所述髋关节包括股骨头和髋臼,所述方法包括以下步骤:切割所述人类患者的皮肤,解剖与所述髋臼相反侧的骨盆区域,在所述解剖区域中形成孔,所述 穿过所述骨盆并进入所述人类患者的所述髋关节的孔,并通过所述人类患者的所述骨盆中的所述孔将所述医疗装置提供给所述髋关节。
-
公开(公告)号:US08152855B2
公开(公告)日:2012-04-10
申请号:US12884502
申请日:2010-09-17
申请人: Peter Tulkis , Robert E. Ledger , Patrick Raugel
发明人: Peter Tulkis , Robert E. Ledger , Patrick Raugel
CPC分类号: A61B17/175 , A61B17/1637 , A61B17/1668 , A61B17/8897 , A61F2/30767 , A61F2/3603 , A61F2/4603 , A61F2/4607 , A61F2/4657 , A61F2002/30013 , A61F2002/3021 , A61F2002/30217 , A61F2002/30332 , A61F2002/30378 , A61F2002/30738 , A61F2002/30934 , A61F2002/3605 , A61F2002/4623 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4631 , A61F2002/4677 , A61F2002/4687 , A61F2220/0033 , A61F2230/0067 , A61F2250/0024 , A61F2310/00011 , A61F2310/00179 , A61F2310/00395 , A61F2310/00407 , A61F2310/00413 , A61F2310/00491 , A61F2310/00544 , A61F2310/00592
摘要: Tools and methods for implanting hip resurfacing femoral prostheses along a path defined by the axis of a shaped femoral head surface are described. The prostheses are stemless partial ball components having an outer surface shaped to conform to an acetabular socket and may be a two part design having a mating sleeve component with an internal bore adapted to receive the shaped femoral head. The tools and methods are capable of accurately implanting both one and two piece ball components and sleeves without requiring the prosthesis to have a central stem or the preparation of a stem cavity in the femoral head and neck.
摘要翻译: 描述了沿着由成形股骨头表面的轴线限定的路径植入髋关节表面置换股骨假体的工具和方法。 假体是无茎部分球部件,其具有成形为符合髋臼插口的外表面,并且可以是两部分设计,具有配合套筒部件,其具有适于接纳成形股骨头部的内孔。 这些工具和方法能够精确地植入一个和两个球体部件和套筒,而不需要假体具有中心杆或在股骨头部和颈部中制备杆腔。
-
4.
公开(公告)号:US07776097B2
公开(公告)日:2010-08-17
申请号:US11547518
申请日:2005-03-31
申请人: Slobodan Tepic , Henrik Malchau
发明人: Slobodan Tepic , Henrik Malchau
CPC分类号: A61F2/30 , A61F2/30907 , A61F2/34 , A61F2/3603 , A61F2002/30785 , A61F2002/30914 , A61F2002/3448 , A61F2002/3479 , A61F2002/3605 , A61F2310/00023
摘要: The invention solves the problem of anchoring a prosthetic component into compliant, cancellous bone by a thin, preferably pure titanium, or a titanium-based alloy, perforated, hence hydraulically open, shell (1, 13), spaced apart from the second, non-perforated shell (2, 14). In most applications, dictated by the anatomical site of insertion, shells are approximately hemispherical in form, connected to each other at the equator. The solid shell may contain a further, articulating component of the joint, e.g. a polymer or a ceramic insert, or it may serve that function itself. One or both components of a joint prosthesis can be anchored according to the invention.
摘要翻译: 本发明解决了通过薄的,优选纯的钛或钛基合金将假体组件锚定到柔软的松质骨中的问题,所述钛基合金是穿孔的,因此液压开放的壳(1,13)与第二非 - 穿孔外壳(2,14)。 在大多数应用中,由插入的解剖部位决定,壳体在形状上大致半球形,在赤道处彼此连接。 固体外壳可以包含另一个关节的关节部件,例如。 聚合物或陶瓷插入物,或者它可以用于其自身的功能。 关节假体的一个或两个部件可以根据本发明锚定。
-
公开(公告)号:US20070100447A1
公开(公告)日:2007-05-03
申请号:US11634740
申请日:2006-12-06
申请人: Amiram Steinberg
发明人: Amiram Steinberg
CPC分类号: A61F2/34 , A61B17/1666 , A61B17/1684 , A61F2/30724 , A61F2/30767 , A61F2/30771 , A61F2/30907 , A61F2/3094 , A61F2/30965 , A61F2/32 , A61F2/36 , A61F2/3603 , A61F2/3609 , A61F2/3662 , A61F2/367 , A61F2/38 , A61F2/3804 , A61F2/3872 , A61F2/3877 , A61F2/40 , A61F2/4003 , A61F2/4014 , A61F2/4059 , A61F2/4081 , A61F2/4607 , A61F2/4609 , A61F2002/30016 , A61F2002/30069 , A61F2002/3007 , A61F2002/3008 , A61F2002/30112 , A61F2002/30144 , A61F2002/30153 , A61F2002/30291 , A61F2002/30299 , A61F2002/30322 , A61F2002/30324 , A61F2002/30332 , A61F2002/305 , A61F2002/30574 , A61F2002/30652 , A61F2002/30673 , A61F2002/30714 , A61F2002/3081 , A61F2002/30813 , A61F2002/30822 , A61F2002/30823 , A61F2002/30881 , A61F2002/30883 , A61F2002/30884 , A61F2002/30892 , A61F2002/30894 , A61F2002/30906 , A61F2002/30934 , A61F2002/30937 , A61F2002/30957 , A61F2002/30971 , A61F2002/30981 , A61F2002/3412 , A61F2002/342 , A61F2002/3422 , A61F2002/3427 , A61F2002/3438 , A61F2002/3443 , A61F2002/3459 , A61F2002/3605 , A61F2002/3611 , A61F2002/3617 , A61F2002/3625 , A61F2002/365 , A61F2002/3668 , A61F2002/3822 , A61F2002/3827 , A61F2002/3831 , A61F2002/3895 , A61F2002/4007 , A61F2002/4018 , A61F2002/4029 , A61F2002/4037 , A61F2002/4062 , A61F2002/4077 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2220/0025 , A61F2220/0033 , A61F2230/0004 , A61F2230/0017 , A61F2230/0019 , A61F2230/0091 , A61F2230/0093 , A61F2250/0019 , A61F2250/0026 , A61F2250/0036 , A61F2250/0089 , A61F2250/0098 , A61F2310/00011 , A61F2310/00179 , A61F2310/00407 , A61F2310/00796 , A61L27/18 , A61L27/50 , A61L2430/24 , C08L75/04
摘要: The present invention seeks to provide improved joint implants and methods relating to joint implantation.
摘要翻译: 本发明寻求提供与关节植入相关的改进的关节植入物和方法。
-
公开(公告)号:US07572295B2
公开(公告)日:2009-08-11
申请号:US10497897
申请日:2002-12-03
申请人: Amiram Steinberg
发明人: Amiram Steinberg
IPC分类号: A61F2/32
CPC分类号: A61F2/34 , A61B17/1666 , A61B17/1684 , A61F2/30724 , A61F2/30767 , A61F2/30771 , A61F2/30907 , A61F2/3094 , A61F2/30965 , A61F2/32 , A61F2/36 , A61F2/3603 , A61F2/3609 , A61F2/3662 , A61F2/367 , A61F2/38 , A61F2/3804 , A61F2/3872 , A61F2/3877 , A61F2/40 , A61F2/4003 , A61F2/4014 , A61F2/4059 , A61F2/4081 , A61F2/4607 , A61F2/4609 , A61F2002/30016 , A61F2002/30069 , A61F2002/3007 , A61F2002/3008 , A61F2002/30112 , A61F2002/30144 , A61F2002/30153 , A61F2002/30291 , A61F2002/30299 , A61F2002/30322 , A61F2002/30324 , A61F2002/30332 , A61F2002/305 , A61F2002/30574 , A61F2002/30652 , A61F2002/30673 , A61F2002/30714 , A61F2002/3081 , A61F2002/30813 , A61F2002/30822 , A61F2002/30823 , A61F2002/30881 , A61F2002/30883 , A61F2002/30884 , A61F2002/30892 , A61F2002/30894 , A61F2002/30906 , A61F2002/30934 , A61F2002/30937 , A61F2002/30957 , A61F2002/30971 , A61F2002/30981 , A61F2002/3412 , A61F2002/342 , A61F2002/3422 , A61F2002/3427 , A61F2002/3438 , A61F2002/3443 , A61F2002/3459 , A61F2002/3605 , A61F2002/3611 , A61F2002/3617 , A61F2002/3625 , A61F2002/365 , A61F2002/3668 , A61F2002/3822 , A61F2002/3827 , A61F2002/3831 , A61F2002/3895 , A61F2002/4007 , A61F2002/4018 , A61F2002/4029 , A61F2002/4037 , A61F2002/4062 , A61F2002/4077 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2220/0025 , A61F2220/0033 , A61F2230/0004 , A61F2230/0017 , A61F2230/0019 , A61F2230/0091 , A61F2230/0093 , A61F2250/0019 , A61F2250/0026 , A61F2250/0036 , A61F2250/0089 , A61F2250/0098 , A61F2310/00011 , A61F2310/00179 , A61F2310/00407 , A61F2310/00796 , A61L27/18 , A61L27/50 , A61L2430/24 , C08L75/04
摘要: An acetabular implant for use in a hip joint prosthesis is disclosed. The implant includes a body portion comprising a polycarbonate polyurethane. The body portion includes a substantially semispherical inner articulating surface defining a socket sized to receive a head portion of a femoral component of the hip joint prosthesis and an outer engagement surface having an annular protrusion extending outwardly therefrom. The annular protrusion is configured for snap-fit engagement with a corresponding recess in the acetabulum. The implant also includes a deformation control element comprising a polyethylene having an increased durometer hardness relative to the polycarbonate polyurethane and positioned entirely within the body portion between the inner articulating surface and the outer engagement surface.
摘要翻译: 公开了一种用于髋关节假体的髋臼植入物。 植入物包括包含聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的主体部分。 身体部分包括基本上半球形的内关节表面,其限定了尺寸适于容纳髋关节假体的股骨部件的头部的插座和具有从其向外延伸的环形突起的外接合表面。 环形突起构造成与髋臼中的相应凹部卡扣配合接合。 植入物还包括变形控制元件,其包含相对于聚碳酸酯聚氨酯具有增加的硬度的聚乙烯并且完全位于内铰接表面和外接合表面之间的主体部分内的聚乙烯。
-
公开(公告)号:US20050085915A1
公开(公告)日:2005-04-21
申请号:US10497897
申请日:2002-12-03
申请人: Amiram Steinberg
发明人: Amiram Steinberg
IPC分类号: A61B17/16 , A61F2/00 , A61F2/30 , A61F2/32 , A61F2/34 , A61F2/36 , A61F2/38 , A61F2/40 , A61F2/42 , A61F2/44 , A61F2/46 , A61L27/18 , A61L27/50
CPC分类号: A61F2/34 , A61B17/1666 , A61B17/1684 , A61F2/30724 , A61F2/30767 , A61F2/30771 , A61F2/30907 , A61F2/3094 , A61F2/30965 , A61F2/32 , A61F2/36 , A61F2/3603 , A61F2/3609 , A61F2/3662 , A61F2/367 , A61F2/38 , A61F2/3804 , A61F2/3872 , A61F2/3877 , A61F2/40 , A61F2/4003 , A61F2/4014 , A61F2/4059 , A61F2/4081 , A61F2/4607 , A61F2/4609 , A61F2002/30016 , A61F2002/30069 , A61F2002/3007 , A61F2002/3008 , A61F2002/30112 , A61F2002/30144 , A61F2002/30153 , A61F2002/30291 , A61F2002/30299 , A61F2002/30322 , A61F2002/30324 , A61F2002/30332 , A61F2002/305 , A61F2002/30574 , A61F2002/30652 , A61F2002/30673 , A61F2002/30714 , A61F2002/3081 , A61F2002/30813 , A61F2002/30822 , A61F2002/30823 , A61F2002/30881 , A61F2002/30883 , A61F2002/30884 , A61F2002/30892 , A61F2002/30894 , A61F2002/30906 , A61F2002/30934 , A61F2002/30937 , A61F2002/30957 , A61F2002/30971 , A61F2002/30981 , A61F2002/3412 , A61F2002/342 , A61F2002/3422 , A61F2002/3427 , A61F2002/3438 , A61F2002/3443 , A61F2002/3459 , A61F2002/3605 , A61F2002/3611 , A61F2002/3617 , A61F2002/3625 , A61F2002/365 , A61F2002/3668 , A61F2002/3822 , A61F2002/3827 , A61F2002/3831 , A61F2002/3895 , A61F2002/4007 , A61F2002/4018 , A61F2002/4029 , A61F2002/4037 , A61F2002/4062 , A61F2002/4077 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2220/0025 , A61F2220/0033 , A61F2230/0004 , A61F2230/0017 , A61F2230/0019 , A61F2230/0091 , A61F2230/0093 , A61F2250/0019 , A61F2250/0026 , A61F2250/0036 , A61F2250/0089 , A61F2250/0098 , A61F2310/00011 , A61F2310/00179 , A61F2310/00407 , A61F2310/00796 , A61L27/18 , A61L27/50 , A61L2430/24 , C08L75/04
摘要: The present invention seeks to provide improved joint implants and methods relating to joint implantation.
摘要翻译: 本发明寻求提供与关节植入相关的改进的关节植入物和方法。
-
公开(公告)号:US5549704A
公开(公告)日:1996-08-27
申请号:US413180
申请日:1995-03-30
申请人: Franz Sutter
发明人: Franz Sutter
CPC分类号: A61F2/3603 , A61F2/30771 , A61F2/30749 , A61F2/30767 , A61F2002/30024 , A61F2002/30115 , A61F2002/30164 , A61F2002/30235 , A61F2002/30327 , A61F2002/30354 , A61F2002/30451 , A61F2002/30604 , A61F2002/30787 , A61F2002/30795 , A61F2002/3082 , A61F2002/30878 , A61F2002/30879 , A61F2002/30892 , A61F2002/30901 , A61F2002/30902 , A61F2002/30968 , A61F2002/3605 , A61F2002/3611 , A61F2220/0008 , A61F2220/0033 , A61F2220/0058 , A61F2230/0006 , A61F2230/0028 , A61F2230/0069 , A61F2250/0021 , A61F2250/0039 , A61F2310/00023 , A61F2310/00029 , A61F2310/00089 , A61F2310/00131 , A61F2310/00179 , A61F2310/00407
摘要: The universal joint prosthesis has a cap which has an outer shell, an inner shell, a calotte-shaped, smooth outer surface formed by the outer shell and an inner surface formed by the inner shell and having projections distributed along the circumference. At least some projections have undercuts and/or are provided with through holes. The outer material forming the outer shell has, with the same surface characteristics, a smaller coefficient of friction than the inner material forming the inner shell. On the other hand, the inner material permits a firmer bond with a bone than the outer material. The universal joint prosthesis also has perforated sleeves projecting from the cap. The universal joint prothesis can usually be attached firmly to a bone without a binder, the undercuts and/or holes helping to provide a permanent connection between the cap and the bone.
摘要翻译: 万向节假体具有由外壳形成的外壳,外壳,外壳,外壳,外壳,外壳,外壳,内表面和内周面形成的内表面。 至少一些突起具有底切和/或设有通孔。 形成外壳的外部材料具有相同的表面特性,比形成内壳的内部材料具有更小的摩擦系数。 另一方面,内部材料允许与外部材料更牢固地粘合骨头。 万向节假体还具有从盖突出的穿孔套管。 万向节假体通常可以牢固地附着在没有粘合剂的骨骼上,底切和/或孔有助于提供帽和骨之间的永久连接。
-
公开(公告)号:US4846841A
公开(公告)日:1989-07-11
申请号:US856054
申请日:1986-04-25
申请人: Indong Oh
发明人: Indong Oh
CPC分类号: A61F2/3603 , A61F2/30734 , A61F2002/30332 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/30738 , A61F2002/30785 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30879 , A61F2002/30892 , A61F2002/3605 , A61F2002/3619 , A61F2002/3621 , A61F2002/365 , A61F2002/4641 , A61F2220/0033 , A61F2310/00017 , A61F2310/00023 , A61F2310/00029
摘要: A femoral prosthesis affixable to a remnant of a natural femoral head and cooperable with an acetabular component comprising a femoral insert having a cavity for at least partially receiving the remnant and a femoral shell having a cavity for at least partially receiving the insert. The insert is affixable to the remnant without cement, and the shell is mounted on the insert by a taper lock. The outer surface of the shell has a part-spherical region for slidably cooperating with the acetabular component to accommodate articulating motion. Selection of an appropriate combination of the insert and the shell enables hemi-surface arthroplasty or total surface arthroplasty with a minimal number of prosthetic components. Replacement of the femoral shells enables a conversion to total surface arthroplasty.
摘要翻译: 一种股骨假体,其可固定于天然股骨头的残余物并与髋臼部件配合,所述髋臼部件包括具有用于至少部分地接收所述残余物的空腔的股骨插入物和具有用于至少部分地接收所述插入物的空腔的股骨外壳。 插入物可固定在没有水泥的残留物上,并且壳体通过锥形锁定件安装在插入件上。 外壳的外表面具有与髋臼部件可滑动配合以适应关节运动的部分球形区域。 选择插入物和外壳的适当组合使得半表面关节成形术或全表面关节成形术具有最少数量的假体部件。 更换股骨外壳可以转换为全表面关节置换术。
-
公开(公告)号:US4246895A
公开(公告)日:1981-01-27
申请号:US42807
申请日:1979-05-29
申请人: Gunther Rehder
发明人: Gunther Rehder
CPC分类号: A61F2/3603 , A61B17/1668 , A61F2/32 , A61F2002/30878 , A61F2002/3414 , A61F2002/3605
摘要: An apparatus for producing a conical, outwardly tapering surface on a bone, especially on a cylindrically pre-worked femur head of a human hip joint. The apparatus includes a drive shaft having a free end. A knife-type cutting device is arranged at the free end of the drive shaft, wherein the cutting device has an inner edge. An adjusting device is included for moving the inner cutting edge of the cutting device from an initial position essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft to a position forming an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis. The cutting edge of the cutting device is radially outwardly offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft. In the initial position, the extent of radial offsetting is at least as great as half the diameter(r) of the bone section to be treated.
摘要翻译: 一种用于在骨头上,特别是在人类髋关节的圆柱形预先加工的股骨头上产生锥形的向外锥形表面的装置。 该装置包括具有自由端的驱动轴。 在驱动轴的自由端设置刀式切割装置,其中切割装置具有内边缘。 包括调节装置,用于将切割装置的内切割刃从基本上平行于驱动轴的纵向轴线的初始位置移动到相对于纵向轴线形成锐角的位置。 切割装置的切割边缘相对于驱动轴的纵向轴线径向向外偏移。 在初始位置,径向偏移的程度至少等于要处理的骨段的直径(r)的一半。
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-