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公开(公告)号：US20100304171A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-02
申请号：US12476455
申请日：2009-06-02
申请人： Klaus Tomantschger , Jonathan McCrea , Nandakumar Nagarajan , Francisco Gonzalez , Gino Palumbo , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Herath Katugaha
发明人： Klaus Tomantschger , Jonathan McCrea , Nandakumar Nagarajan , Francisco Gonzalez , Gino Palumbo , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Herath Katugaha
CPC分类号： B32B7/04 , B32B1/08 , B32B7/12 , B32B15/043 , B32B15/08 , B32B37/1284 , B32B2037/246 , B32B2307/202 , B32B2311/00 , C08J7/123 , C23C18/1641 , C23C18/165 , C25D7/00 , Y10T156/10 , Y10T428/12028 , Y10T428/12049 , Y10T428/12389 , Y10T428/12451 , Y10T428/12472 , Y10T428/12569 , Y10T428/12632 , Y10T428/12896 , Y10T428/12944 , Y10T428/131 , Y10T428/1352 , Y10T428/1355 , Y10T428/1359 , Y10T428/24545 , Y10T428/24612 , Y10T428/2495 , Y10T428/26 , Y10T428/263 , Y10T428/269 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Metal-clad polymer articles containing structural fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling although the CLTE of the metallic layer and the one of the substrate is mismatched. The interface between the metallic layer and the polymer is suitably pretreated to withstand thermal cycling without failure.
摘要翻译： 公开了包含分散在其中的任选地含有固体颗粒的结构细晶粒和/或非晶金属涂层/层的金属包层聚合物制品。 细晶粒和/或非晶金属涂层特别适用于强而轻的制品，精密模具，运动用品，暴露于热循环的汽车部件和部件，尽管金属层的CLTE和基板之一不匹配。 金属层和聚合物之间的界面适当地经过预处理以承受热循环而不失败。
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2.发明申请ANODICALLY ASSISTED CHEMICAL ETCHING OF CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS AND POLYMER COMPOSITES 有权导电聚合物和聚合物复合材料的阳极辅助化学蚀刻公开(公告)号：US20100300889A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-02
申请号：US12476506
申请日：2009-06-02
IPC分类号： C25D5/56
CPC分类号： C08J7/12 , C23C18/1641 , C23C18/1653 , C23C18/2093 , C23C18/22 , C23C18/42 , C25D5/54 , C25D5/56 , C25F3/02
摘要： A novel activation/etch method is disclosed for conductive polymer substrates and conductive polymer composite substrates to achieve good adhesion to subsequently applied coatings. The method in a preferred case involves anodically polarizing conductive polymers/polymer composites in aqueous etching solutions.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于导电聚合物基底和导电聚合物复合基底的新型激活/蚀刻方法，以实现对随后施加的涂层的良好粘附。 在优选情况下的方法涉及在水性蚀刻溶液中的阳极极化导电聚合物/聚合物复合材料。
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3.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20100028714A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-04
申请号：US12575542
申请日：2009-10-08
申请人： Gino Palumbo , Jonathan McCrea , Klaus Tomantschger , Iain Brooks , Daehyun Jeong , Dave Limoges , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Uwe Erb
发明人： Gino Palumbo , Jonathan McCrea , Klaus Tomantschger , Iain Brooks , Daehyun Jeong , Dave Limoges , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Uwe Erb
IPC分类号： B32B15/04 , B32B15/00 , B32B15/01 , B32B15/18 , B32B17/06 , B32B18/00 , B32B9/04 , C23C16/44 , B05D1/02 , C25D5/00 , B32B5/00
CPC分类号： C25D7/00 , A01K87/00 , A45B9/00 , A63B49/02 , A63B49/10 , A63B49/12 , A63B53/04 , A63B53/10 , A63B53/12 , A63B59/00 , A63B59/50 , A63B59/70 , A63B60/54 , A63B2053/0416 , A63B2209/00 , A63B2209/02 , A63B2209/023 , B82Y30/00 , C23C24/04 , C23C28/021 , C23C28/027 , C25D5/00 , C25D7/0607 , C25D15/02 , F41H5/0457 , F42B5/30 , F42B6/04 , F42B12/80 , Y10T428/12028 , Y10T428/12063 , Y10T428/12146 , Y10T428/12292 , Y10T428/12493 , Y10T428/12535 , Y10T428/12597 , Y10T428/12674 , Y10T428/12701 , Y10T428/12708 , Y10T428/12736 , Y10T428/12743 , Y10T428/1275 , Y10T428/12757 , Y10T428/12764 , Y10T428/12778 , Y10T428/12937 , Y10T428/12972 , Y10T428/13 , Y10T428/24942 , Y10T428/256 , Y10T428/26 , Y10T428/2918 , Y10T428/2956 , Y10T428/2958 , Y10T428/2964 , Y10T428/30 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Fine-grained (average grain size 1 nm to 1,000 nm) metallic coatings optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein are disclosed. The fine-grained metallic materials are significantly harder and stronger than conventional coatings of the same chemical composition due to Hall-Petch strengthening and have low linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs). The invention provides means for matching the CTE of the fine-grained metallic coating to the one of the substrate by adjusting the composition of the alloy and/or by varying the chemistry and volume fraction of particulates embedded in the coating. The fine-grained metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling. The low CTEs and the ability to match the CTEs of the fine-grained metallic coatings with the CTEs of the substrate minimize dimensional changes during thermal cycling and prevent premature failure.
摘要翻译： 公开了细粒度（平均粒径1nm至1000nm）金属涂层，其任选地含有分散在其中的固体颗粒。 由于Hall-Petch强化，细粒金属材料比同一化学成分的常规涂层显着更硬和更强，并且具有低线性热膨胀系数（CTE）。 本发明提供了通过调节合金的组成和/或通过改变嵌入涂层中的微粒的化学和体积分数来匹配细粒金属涂层的CTE与基体之一的方法。 细粒金属涂层特别适用于强而轻的制品，精密模具，运动用品，汽车零件和暴露于热循环的部件。 低CTE和将细粒金属涂层的CTE与衬底的CTE匹配的能力使热循环期间的尺寸变化最小化并防止过早失效。
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公开(公告)号：US07354354B2
公开(公告)日：2008-04-08
申请号：US11300579
申请日：2005-12-15
申请人： Gino Palumbo , Jonathan McCrea , Klaus Tomantschger , Iain Brooks , Daehyun Jeong , Dave Limoges , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Uwe Erb , Andrew Wang
发明人： Gino Palumbo , Jonathan McCrea , Klaus Tomantschger , Iain Brooks , Daehyun Jeong , Dave Limoges , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Uwe Erb , Andrew Wang
IPC分类号： A63B53/12
CPC分类号： C25D7/00 , A01K87/00 , A45B9/00 , A63B49/02 , A63B49/10 , A63B49/12 , A63B53/04 , A63B53/0466 , A63B53/047 , A63B53/10 , A63B53/12 , A63B59/00 , A63B59/50 , A63B60/54 , A63B2053/0416 , A63B2209/00 , A63B2209/023 , B82Y30/00 , C23C26/00 , C25D5/00 , C25D15/02 , F42B5/30 , Y10T428/12049 , Y10T428/12201 , Y10T428/12569 , Y10T428/1321 , Y10T428/24612 , Y10T428/249941 , Y10T428/31507 , Y10T428/31511 , Y10T428/31681 , Y10T428/31685 , Y10T428/31692
摘要： Lightweight articles comprising a polymeric material at least partially coated with a fine-grained metallic material are disclosed. The fine-grained metallic material has an average grain size of 2 nm to 5,000 nm, a thickness between 25 micron and 5 cm, and a hardness between 200 VHN and 3,000 VHN. The lightweight articles are strong and ductile and exhibit high coefficients of restitution and a high stiffness and are particularly suitable for a variety of applications including aerospace and automotive parts, sporting goods, and the like.
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5.发明授权Metal-coated polymer article of high durability and vacuum and/or pressure integrity 有权具有高耐久性和真空和/或压力完整性的金属涂层聚合物制品公开(公告)号：US08394473B2
公开(公告)日：2013-03-12
申请号：US13529308
申请日：2012-06-21
申请人： Jonathan McCrea , Francisco Gonzalez , Gino Palumbo , Klaus Tomantschger , Rich Emrich , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Mary Pasquantonio , John Kratochwil , Herath Katugaha
发明人： Jonathan McCrea , Francisco Gonzalez , Gino Palumbo , Klaus Tomantschger , Rich Emrich , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Mary Pasquantonio , John Kratochwil , Herath Katugaha
IPC分类号： B32B1/00 , B32B1/02 , B32B1/08 , B32B15/04 , B32B15/08 , B32B27/14 , B32B27/20 , F16L9/02 , F16L9/147
CPC分类号： B32B15/08 , B32B5/16 , B32B15/043 , B32B15/16 , B32B27/14 , C08J7/04 , C08J7/045 , C08J7/123 , C08J2323/06 , C23C18/1601 , C23C18/165 , C23C18/20 , C23C18/2006 , C23C18/2013 , C23C18/2086 , C23C18/2093 , C23C18/22 , C23C18/30 , C23C24/04 , C23C28/00 , C23C28/021 , C23C28/023 , C25D7/00 , Y10T428/12049 , Y10T428/12479 , Y10T428/12882 , Y10T428/13 , Y10T428/131 , Y10T428/1314 , Y10T428/1321 , Y10T428/1355 , Y10T428/1359 , Y10T428/1372 , Y10T428/1376 , Y10T428/1379 , Y10T428/1386 , Y10T428/1393 , Y10T428/24997 , Y10T428/25 , Y10T428/256 , Y10T428/257 , Y10T428/259 , Y10T428/269 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Metal-coated polymer articles containing structural substantially porosity-free, fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein on polymer substrates, are disclosed. The substantially porosity-free metallic coatings/layers/patches are applied to polymer or polymer composite substrates to provide, enhance or restore vacuum/pressure integrity and fluid sealing functions. Due to the excellent adhesion between the metallic coating and the polymer article satisfactory thermal cycling performance is achieved. The invention can also be employed as a repair/refurbishment technique. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, aerospace and automotive parts and other components exposed to thermal cycling and stress created by erosion and impact damage.
摘要翻译： 公开了包含基本上无孔隙结构，细粒度和/或无定形金属涂层/层的金属涂覆的聚合物制品，其任选地包含分散在聚合物基材上的固体颗粒。 将基本上无孔隙的金属涂层/层/贴片施加到聚合物或聚合物复合基材上以提供，增强或恢复真空/压力完整性和流体密封功能。 由于金属涂层和聚合物制品之间优异的粘合性，可实现令人满意的热循环性能。 本发明也可以用作维修/翻新技术。 细粒度和/或无定形金属涂层特别适用于强而轻的制品，精密模具，运动用品，航空航天和汽车零件以及暴露于热循环和受冲击和冲击损坏产生的应力的其他部件。
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公开(公告)号：US20110294594A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-01
申请号：US13197873
申请日：2011-08-04
申请人： Gino Palumbo , Iain Brooks , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Klaus Tomantschger , Jonathan McCrea , Dave Limoges , Uwe Erb
发明人： Gino Palumbo , Iain Brooks , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Klaus Tomantschger , Jonathan McCrea , Dave Limoges , Uwe Erb
CPC分类号： C25D15/00 , A01K87/00 , A45B9/00 , A63B49/02 , A63B49/10 , A63B53/04 , A63B53/0466 , A63B53/10 , A63B53/12 , A63B59/00 , A63B59/50 , A63B59/70 , A63B60/54 , A63B2053/0416 , A63B2209/00 , A63B2209/023 , B82Y30/00 , C25D1/00 , C25D7/00 , Y02P20/582 , Y10T428/12028 , Y10T428/12493 , Y10T428/12708 , Y10T428/12778 , Y10T428/13 , Y10T428/24405 , Y10T428/24413 , Y10T428/26 , Y10T428/265 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Articles for automotive, manufacturing and industrial applications including shafts or tubes used, for example, as golf club shafts, ski and hiking poles, fishing rods or bicycle frames, skate blades and snowboards are at least partially electroplated with fine-grained layers of selected metallic materials. Parts with complex geometry can be coated as well. Alternatively, articles such as conical or cylindrical golf club shafts, hiking pole shafts or fishing pole sections, plates or foils and the like can also be electroformed of fine-grained metallic materials on a suitable mandrel or temporary substrate to produce strong, ductile, lightweight components exhibiting a high coefficient of restitution and a high stiffness for use in numerous applications including sporting goods.
摘要翻译： 用于汽车，制造和工业应用的制品，包括例如用作高尔夫球棒杆，滑雪和徒步杆，钓鱼竿或自行车车架，滑冰板和滑雪板的轴或管，至少部分地电镀有选定金属的细粒层 材料 具有复杂几何形状的部件也可以被涂覆。 或者，诸如锥形或圆柱形高尔夫球杆杆，徒步杆杆或钓鱼杆部分，板或箔等的物品也可以在合适的心轴或临时基底上电铸成细粒度的金属材料，以产生强的，延性的，轻质的 表现出高恢复系数和高刚度的组件用于包括运动用品在内的许多应用中。
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公开(公告)号：US20100304065A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-02
申请号：US12785524
申请日：2010-05-24
申请人： Klaus Tomantschger , Jonathan McCrea , Nandakumar Nagarajan , Francisco Gonzalez , Gino Palumbo , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Herath Katugaha , Diana Facchini , Jared J. Victor , Uwe Erb
发明人： Klaus Tomantschger , Jonathan McCrea , Nandakumar Nagarajan , Francisco Gonzalez , Gino Palumbo , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Herath Katugaha , Diana Facchini , Jared J. Victor , Uwe Erb
IPC分类号： B32B15/08 , B32B3/30 , B32B15/02 , B32B1/08 , B32B1/02 , B32B3/00 , B05D3/12 , C23C16/06 , C25D5/56
CPC分类号： C23C18/1641 , A63B59/70 , A63B2102/24 , B32B1/08 , B32B3/30 , B32B7/02 , B32B15/08 , B32B15/18 , B32B15/20 , B32B27/08 , B32B27/16 , B32B27/18 , B32B27/20 , B32B27/281 , B32B27/285 , B32B27/288 , B32B27/302 , B32B27/304 , B32B27/308 , B32B27/32 , B32B27/322 , B32B27/34 , B32B27/36 , B32B27/365 , B32B27/38 , B32B27/40 , B32B27/42 , B32B2255/06 , B32B2255/10 , B32B2255/20 , B32B2255/205 , B32B2262/101 , B32B2262/106 , B32B2264/02 , B32B2264/10 , B32B2264/12 , B32B2270/00 , B32B2307/202 , B32B2307/212 , B32B2307/30 , B32B2307/51 , B32B2307/538 , B32B2307/54 , B32B2307/718 , B32B2457/00 , B32B2509/00 , B32B2535/00 , B32B2597/00 , B32B2605/00 , C09J163/00 , C23C14/021 , C23C14/024 , C23C14/028 , C23C16/0227 , C23C16/0254 , C23C16/0272 , C23C18/1851 , C23C18/1855 , C23C18/1893 , C23C18/1896 , C25D5/54 , Y10T428/12111 , Y10T428/12389 , Y10T428/12451 , Y10T428/12472 , Y10T428/12569 , Y10T428/12944 , Y10T428/1355 , Y10T428/24355 , Y10T428/24545 , Y10T428/24612 , Y10T428/26 , Y10T428/269
摘要： Metal-clad polymer articles containing structural fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling although the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) of the metallic layer and the substrate are mismatched. The interface between the metallic layer and the polymer is suitably pretreated to withstand thermal cycling without failure.
摘要翻译： 公开了包含分散在其中的任选地含有固体颗粒的结构细晶粒和/或非晶金属涂层/层的金属包层聚合物制品。 细晶粒和/或非晶金属涂层特别适用于强而轻的制品，精密模具，运动用品，暴露于热循环的汽车部件和部件，尽管金属层和基材的线性热膨胀系数（CLTE） 不匹配。 金属层和聚合物之间的界面适当地经过预处理以承受热循环而不失败。
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公开(公告)号：US20090298624A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-03
申请号：US12536821
申请日：2009-08-06
申请人： Gino PALUMBO , IAIN BROOKS , KONSTANTINOS PANAGIOTOPOULOS , KLAUS TOMANTSCHGER , JONATHAN McCREA , DAVID LIMOGES , UWE ERB
发明人： Gino PALUMBO , IAIN BROOKS , KONSTANTINOS PANAGIOTOPOULOS , KLAUS TOMANTSCHGER , JONATHAN McCREA , DAVID LIMOGES , UWE ERB
IPC分类号： A63B59/06
CPC分类号： C25D15/00 , A01K87/00 , A45B9/00 , A63B49/02 , A63B49/10 , A63B53/04 , A63B53/0466 , A63B53/10 , A63B53/12 , A63B59/00 , A63B59/50 , A63B59/70 , A63B60/54 , A63B2053/0416 , A63B2209/00 , A63B2209/023 , B82Y30/00 , C25D1/00 , C25D7/00 , Y02P20/582 , Y10T428/12028 , Y10T428/12493 , Y10T428/12708 , Y10T428/12778 , Y10T428/13 , Y10T428/24405 , Y10T428/24413 , Y10T428/26 , Y10T428/265 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Articles for automotive, manufacturing and industrial applications including shafts or tubes used, for example, as golf club shafts, ski and hiking poles, fishing rods or bicycle frames, skate blades and snowboards are at least partially electroplated with fine-grained layers of selected metallic materials. Parts with complex geometry can be coated as well. Alternatively, articles such as conical or cylindrical golf club shafts, hiking pole shafts or fishing pole sections, plates or foils and the like can also be electroformed of fine-grained metallic materials on a suitable mandrel or temporary substrate to produce strong, ductile, lightweight components exhibiting a high coefficient of restitution and a high stiffness for use in numerous applications including sporting goods.
摘要翻译： 用于汽车，制造和工业应用的制品，包括例如用作高尔夫球棒杆，滑雪和徒步杆，钓鱼竿或自行车车架，滑冰板和滑雪板的轴或管，至少部分地电镀有选定金属的细粒层 材料 具有复杂几何形状的部件也可以被涂覆。 或者，诸如锥形或圆柱形高尔夫球杆杆，徒步杆杆或钓鱼杆部分，板或箔等的物品也可以在合适的心轴或临时基底上电铸成细粒度的金属材料，以产生强的，延性的，轻质的 表现出高恢复系数和高刚度的组件用于包括运动用品在内的许多应用中。
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公开(公告)号：US08906515B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-09
申请号：US12785524
申请日：2010-05-24
申请人： Klaus Tomantschger , Jonathan McCrea , Nandakumar Nagarajan , Francisco Gonzalez , Gino Palumbo , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Herath Katugaha , Diana Facchini , Jared J. Victor , Uwe Erb
发明人： Klaus Tomantschger , Jonathan McCrea , Nandakumar Nagarajan , Francisco Gonzalez , Gino Palumbo , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Herath Katugaha , Diana Facchini , Jared J. Victor , Uwe Erb
IPC分类号： B32B1/08 , B32B3/30 , B32B15/08 , C25D5/56 , B05D3/00 , C23C16/02 , C25D5/54 , C23C14/02 , C23C18/18
CPC分类号： C23C18/1641 , A63B59/70 , A63B2102/24 , B32B1/08 , B32B3/30 , B32B7/02 , B32B15/08 , B32B15/18 , B32B15/20 , B32B27/08 , B32B27/16 , B32B27/18 , B32B27/20 , B32B27/281 , B32B27/285 , B32B27/288 , B32B27/302 , B32B27/304 , B32B27/308 , B32B27/32 , B32B27/322 , B32B27/34 , B32B27/36 , B32B27/365 , B32B27/38 , B32B27/40 , B32B27/42 , B32B2255/06 , B32B2255/10 , B32B2255/20 , B32B2255/205 , B32B2262/101 , B32B2262/106 , B32B2264/02 , B32B2264/10 , B32B2264/12 , B32B2270/00 , B32B2307/202 , B32B2307/212 , B32B2307/30 , B32B2307/51 , B32B2307/538 , B32B2307/54 , B32B2307/718 , B32B2457/00 , B32B2509/00 , B32B2535/00 , B32B2597/00 , B32B2605/00 , C09J163/00 , C23C14/021 , C23C14/024 , C23C14/028 , C23C16/0227 , C23C16/0254 , C23C16/0272 , C23C18/1851 , C23C18/1855 , C23C18/1893 , C23C18/1896 , C25D5/54 , Y10T428/12111 , Y10T428/12389 , Y10T428/12451 , Y10T428/12472 , Y10T428/12569 , Y10T428/12944 , Y10T428/1355 , Y10T428/24355 , Y10T428/24545 , Y10T428/24612 , Y10T428/26 , Y10T428/269
摘要： Metal-clad polymer articles containing structural fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings/layers optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, are disclosed. The fine-grained and/or amorphous metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling although the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) of the metallic layer and the substrate are mismatched. The interface between the metallic layer and the polymer is suitably pretreated to withstand thermal cycling without failure.
摘要翻译： 公开了包含分散在其中的任选地含有固体颗粒的结构细晶粒和/或非晶金属涂层/层的金属包层聚合物制品。 细晶粒和/或非晶金属涂层特别适用于强而轻的制品，精密模具，运动用品，暴露于热循环的汽车部件和部件，尽管金属层和基材的线性热膨胀系数（CLTE） 不匹配。 金属层和聚合物之间的界面适当地经过预处理以承受热循环而不失败。
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公开(公告)号：US07803072B2
公开(公告)日：2010-09-28
申请号：US12536821
申请日：2009-08-06
申请人： Gino Palumbo , Iain Brooks , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Klaus Tomantschger , Jonathan McCrea , Dave Limoges , Uwe Erb
发明人： Gino Palumbo , Iain Brooks , Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos , Klaus Tomantschger , Jonathan McCrea , Dave Limoges , Uwe Erb
IPC分类号： A63B59/06
CPC分类号： C25D15/00 , A01K87/00 , A45B9/00 , A63B49/02 , A63B49/10 , A63B53/04 , A63B53/0466 , A63B53/10 , A63B53/12 , A63B59/00 , A63B59/50 , A63B59/70 , A63B60/54 , A63B2053/0416 , A63B2209/00 , A63B2209/023 , B82Y30/00 , C25D1/00 , C25D7/00 , Y02P20/582 , Y10T428/12028 , Y10T428/12493 , Y10T428/12708 , Y10T428/12778 , Y10T428/13 , Y10T428/24405 , Y10T428/24413 , Y10T428/26 , Y10T428/265 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Articles for automotive, manufacturing and industrial applications including shafts or tubes used, for example, as golf club shafts, ski and hiking poles, fishing rods or bicycle frames, skate blades and snowboards are at least partially electroplated with fine-grained layers of selected metallic materials. Parts with complex geometry can be coated as well. Alternatively, articles such as conical or cylindrical golf club shafts, hiking pole shafts or fishing pole sections, plates or foils and the like can also be electroformed of fine-grained metallic materials on a suitable mandrel or temporary substrate to produce strong, ductile, lightweight components exhibiting a high coefficient of restitution and a high stiffness for use in numerous applications including sporting goods.
摘要翻译： 用于汽车，制造和工业应用的制品，包括例如用作高尔夫球棒杆，滑雪和徒步杆，钓鱼竿或自行车车架，滑冰板和滑雪板的轴或管，至少部分地电镀有选定金属的细粒层 材料 具有复杂几何形状的部件也可以被涂覆。 或者，诸如锥形或圆柱形高尔夫球杆杆，徒步杆杆或钓鱼杆部分，板或箔等的物品也可以在合适的心轴或临时基底上电铸成细粒度的金属材料，以产生强的，延性的，轻质的 表现出高恢复系数和高刚度的组件用于包括运动用品在内的许多应用中。
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