Abstract:
Process, apparatus and article for treating an aqueous solution containing biological contaminants. The process includes contacting an aqueous solution containing a biological contaminant with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a solution depleted of active biological contaminants. The aggregate includes more than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from a cerium carbonate, a cerium oxalate or a cerium salt. The composition can consist essentially of cerium oxides, and optionally, a binder and/or flow aid. The aggregate includes no more than two elements selected from the group consisting of yttrium, scandium, and europium when the aggregate is to be sintered. Although intended for a variety of fluid treatment applications, such applications specifically include removing or deactivating biological contaminants in water.
Abstract:
Highly cohesive composite materials, formed of at least one polymer and at least one compound selected from among the mineral oxides, silicoaluminates and activated carbon, have: a number median particle size of at least 150 μm; a pore volume (Vd1), constituted of pores of diameter ranging from 3.6 to 1000 nm, of at least 0.4 cm3/g; and a cohesion index CIN, equal to the ratio (number median particle size after an air pressure stress of 4 bar)/(number median particle size without air pressure stress (0 bar)), greater than 0.40. Such composite materials are useful, e.g., as liquid supports, catalyst supports, additives or for liquid or gas filtration, in particular in cigarette filters.
Abstract:
Apparatus, process and article for treating an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant. The process includes contacting an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a solution depleted of chemical contaminants. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from a cerium carbonate, cerium oxalate and/or a cerium salt. The aggregate composition can include more than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound, and in a particular embodiment consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, and optionally a binder and/or flow aid. Although intended for a variety of fluid treatment applications, such applications specifically include removing or detoxifying chemical contaminants in water.
Abstract:
Compositions and processes are disclosed for removing sulfur and sulfur compounds from hydrocarbon fuel feedstocks. The feedstock is contacted with a regenerable sorbent such as a compound of the formula TixCeyO2 where 0
Abstract:
A nanostructured substance, a process for sequestration of ionic waste, and an ion-sequestration apparatus are disclosed in the specification. The nanostructured substance can comprise a Lewis acid transition metal bound to a phosphate, wherein the phosphate comprises a primary structural component of the substance and the Lewis acid transition metal is a reducing agent. The nanostructured substance has a Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area greater than or equal to approximately 100 m2/g, and a distribution coefficient for an analyte, Kd, greater than or equal to approximately 5000 ml/g. The process can comprise contacting a fluid and a nanostructured metal phosphate. The apparatus can comprise a vessel and a nanostructured metal phosphate. The vessel defines a volume wherein a fluid contacts the nanostructured metal phosphate.
Abstract:
Rare earth metal compounds, particularly lanthanum, cerium, and yttrium, are formed as porous particles and are effective in binding metals, metal ions, and phosphate. A method of making the particles and a method of using the particles is disclosed. The particles may be used in the gastrointestinal tract or the bloodstream to remove phosphate or to treat hyperphosphatemia in mammals. The particles may also be used to remove metals from fluids such as water.
Abstract:
Methods of manufacturing bentonite sorbents for removal of pollutants including mercury from gas streams, such as a flue gas stream from coal-fired utility plants are disclosed. The methods include mixing bentonite sorbent particles with a sulfide salt and a metal salt to form a metal sulfide on the outer surface of the bentonite sorbent particles.
Abstract:
An aggregate composition and process for making the aggregate composition. The aggregate composition includes an insoluble rare earth-containing compound and a polymer binder. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate or a cerium salt. In a specific embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, the polymer binder and optionally a flow aid. A process for making the composition includes mixing the insoluble rare earth-containing compound with a polymer binder to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to mechanical, chemical and/or thermal treatment to adhere the rare earth compound to the polymer binder. The aggregate composition can be used in a variety of fluid treatment applications to remove one or more chemical and biological contaminants in a fluid.
Abstract:
Systems and methods for treating a fluid with a body are disclosed. Various aspects involve treating a fluid with a porous body. In select embodiments, a body comprises ash particles, and the ash particles used to form the body may be selected based on their providing one or more desired properties for a given treatment. Various bodies provide for the reaction and/or removal of a substance in a fluid, often using a porous body comprised of ash particles. Computer-operable methods for matching a source material to an application are disclosed. Certain aspects feature a porous body comprised of ash particles, the ash particles have a particle size distribution and interparticle connectivity that creates a plurality of pores having a pore size distribution and pore connectivity, and the pore size distribution and pore connectivity are such that a first fluid may substantially penetrate the pores.
Abstract:
Compositions and methods for destroying biological agents such as toxins and bacteria are provided wherein the substance to be destroyed is contacted with finely divided metal oxide or hydroxide nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the metal oxide or metal hydroxide nanocrystals have reactive atoms stabilized on their surfaces, species adsorbed on their surfaces, or are coated with a second metal oxide. The desired metal oxide or metal hydroxide nanocrystals can be pressed into pellets for use when a powder is not feasible. Preferred metal oxides for the methods include MgO, SrO, BaO, CaO, TiO2, ZrO2, FeO, V2O3, V2O5, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, SiO2, ZnO, Ag2O, [Ce(NO3)3—Cu(NO3)2]TiO2, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Cu(OH)3, Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, AgOH, and mixtures thereof.
Abstract translation:提供了用于破坏生物制剂如毒素和细菌的组合物和方法,其中待破坏的物质与细碎的金属氧化物或氢氧化物纳米晶体接触。 在各种实施方案中,金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物纳米晶体在其表面上具有稳定的反应性原子,吸附在其表面上的物质或用第二金属氧化物涂覆。 当粉末不可行时,可以将期望的金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物纳米晶体压制成颗粒使用。 用于该方法的优选金属氧化物包括MgO,SrO,BaO,CaO,TiO 2,ZrO 2,FeO,V 2 O 2, 3个O 2,5个2 O 3,3个O 2,3个3, 3,N 3,NiO,CuO,Al 2 O 3,SiO 2,ZnO,Ag < SUB> 2 ,[Ce(NO 3 3)3 -Cu(NO 3)2 SUB Mg(OH)2,Ca(OH)2,Al(OH)3 3, ,Sr(OH)2,Ba(OH)2,Fe(OH)3,Cu(OH)3, Ni(OH)2,Co(OH)2,Zn(OH)2,AgOH及其混合物。