Copper electroplating method and apparatus
    53.
    发明授权
    Copper electroplating method and apparatus 有权
    铜电镀方法及装置

    公开(公告)号:US06890416B1

    公开(公告)日:2005-05-10

    申请号:US10318497

    申请日:2002-12-11

    CPC分类号: C25D21/12 C25F7/00 H05K3/241

    摘要: An electroplating apparatus prevents anode-mediated degradation of electrolyte additives by creating a mechanism for maintaining separate anolyte and catholyte and preventing mixing thereof within a plating chamber. The separation is accomplished by interposing a porous chemical transport barrier between the anode and cathode. The transport barrier limits the chemical transport (via diffusion and/or convection) of all species but allows migration of ionic species (and hence passage of current) during application of sufficiently large electric fields within electrolyte.

    摘要翻译: 电镀装置通过产生用于维持单独的阳极电解液和阴极电解液并防止其在电镀室内的混合的机构来防止阳极介导的电解质添加剂的降解。 分离是通过在阳极和阴极之间插入多孔化学传输屏障来实现的。 运输屏障限制了所有物种的化学传输(通过扩散和/或对流),但是在电解质中施加足够大的电场期间允许离子物质的迁移(因此电流的流动)。

    Method for making thin carbon foam electrodes
    56.
    发明授权
    Method for making thin carbon foam electrodes 失效
    制造薄碳泡沫电极的方法

    公开(公告)号:US5932185A

    公开(公告)日:1999-08-03

    申请号:US110003

    申请日:1993-08-23

    摘要: A method for fabricating thin, flat carbon electrodes by infiltrating highly porous carbon papers, membranes, felts, metal fibers/powders, or fabrics with an appropriate carbon foam precursor material. The infiltrated carbon paper, for example, is then cured to form a gel-saturated carbon paper, which is subsequently dried and pyrolyzed to form a thin sheet of porous carbon. The material readily stays flat and flexible during curing and pyrolyzing to form thin sheets. Precursor materials include polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethylacrylonitrile (PMAN), resorcinol/formaldehyde, catechol/formaldehyde, phenol/formaldehyde, etc., or mixtures thereof. These thin films are ideal for use as high power and energy electrodes in batteries, capacitors, and fuel cells, and are potentially useful for capacitive deionization, filtration and catalysis.

    摘要翻译: 通过用合适的碳泡沫前体材料渗透高度多孔碳纸,膜,毡,金属纤维/粉末或织物来制造薄的扁平碳电极的方法。 然后将渗透的碳纸固化以形成凝胶饱和碳纸,随后将其干燥并热解,形成多孔碳薄片。 该材料在固化和热解过程中易于保持平坦和柔性,形成薄片。 前体材料包括聚丙烯腈(PAN),聚甲基丙烯腈(PMAN),间苯二酚/甲醛,邻苯二酚/甲醛,苯酚/甲醛等,或其混合物。 这些薄膜非常适用于电池,电容器和燃料电池中的高功率和高能量电极,并且可用于电容去离子,过滤和催化。

    Method and apparatus for spatially uniform electropolishing and
electrolytic etching
    58.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for spatially uniform electropolishing and electrolytic etching 失效
    用于空间均匀电解和电解蚀刻的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US5096550A

    公开(公告)日:1992-03-17

    申请号:US597225

    申请日:1990-10-15

    IPC分类号: C25F3/02 C25F3/16 C25F7/00

    摘要: In an electropolishing or electrolytic etching apparatus the anode is separated from the cathode to prevent bubble transport to the anode and to produce a uniform current distribution at the anode by means of a solid nonconducting anode-cathode barrier. The anode extends into the top of the barrier and the cathode is outside the barrier. A virtual cathode hole formed in the bottom of the barrier below the level of the cathode permits current flow while preventing bubble transport. The anode is rotatable and oriented horizontally facing down. An extended anode is formed by mounting the workpiece in a holder which extends the electropolishing or etching area beyond the edge of the workpiece to reduce edge effects at the workpiece. A reference electrode controls cell voltage. Endpoint detection and current shut-off stop polishing. Spatially uniform polishing or etching can be rapidly performed.

    摘要翻译: 在电解抛光或电解蚀刻装置中,阳极与阴极分离,以防止气泡传输到阳极,并通过固体非导电阳极 - 阴极屏障在阳极处产生均匀的电流分布。 阳极延伸到屏障的顶部,阴极在屏障外。 形成在阴极底部的阴极底部的虚拟阴极孔允许电流流动,同时防止气泡输送。 阳极可旋转并水平定向朝下。 扩展阳极通过将工件安装在将电解抛光或蚀刻区域延伸超过工件边缘的保持器中形成,以减少工件的边缘效应。 参考电极控制电池电压。 端点检测和电流切断停止抛光。 可以快速进行空间均匀的抛光或蚀刻。

    Method and apparatus for text editing display
    59.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for text editing display 失效
    用于文本编辑显示的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US4451900A

    公开(公告)日:1984-05-29

    申请号:US335471

    申请日:1981-12-29

    IPC分类号: G06F17/21 G06F9/00

    CPC分类号: G06F17/212

    摘要: In a word processing system that includes a printer for printing text material and a display screen for viewing portions of the display material, a graphical representation of a page of text is displayed for editing purposes, the graphical representation including a plurality of identically formed display elements each corresponding to one of the characters of the text.

    摘要翻译: 在包括用于打印文本材料的打印机和用于观看显示材料的部分的显示屏幕的文字处理系统中,显示文本页面的图形表示用于编辑目的,图形表示包括多个相同形式的显示元素 每个对应于文本的一个字符。

    Electroplating apparatus for tailored uniformity profile
    60.
    发明授权
    Electroplating apparatus for tailored uniformity profile 有权
    用于定制均匀性曲线的电镀设备

    公开(公告)号:US08858774B2

    公开(公告)日:2014-10-14

    申请号:US13438443

    申请日:2012-04-03

    摘要: Methods of electroplating metal on a substrate while controlling azimuthal uniformity, include, in one aspect, providing the substrate to the electroplating apparatus configured for rotating the substrate during electroplating, and electroplating the metal on the substrate while rotating the substrate relative to a shield such that a selected portion of the substrate at a selected azimuthal position dwells in a shielded area for a different amount of time than a second portion of the substrate having the same average arc length and the same average radial position and residing at a different angular (azimuthal) position. For example, a semiconductor wafer substrate can be rotated during electroplating slower or faster, when the selected portion of the substrate passes through the shielded area.

    摘要翻译: 在一方面,在控制方位均匀性的同时,在基板上电镀金属的方法包括在电镀期间为电镀设备提供基板,该电镀设备被配置为在电镀期间旋转基板,以及在将基板相对于屏蔽件旋转的同时使金属电镀, 在选择的方位角位置的衬底的选定部分在屏蔽区域中停留不同于具有相同平均弧长和相同平均径向位置并且位于不同角度(方位角)处的基底的第二部分的时间量, 位置。 例如,当基板的选定部分通过屏蔽区域时,半导体晶片基板可以在电镀期间更快或更快地旋转。