摘要:
A high voltage pulse power generating circuit capable of providing energy recovery is disclosed. The energy efficient pulse generating circuit source comprises a high voltage charge storing element which is periodically discharged into a compressor circuit. An energy recovery circuit coupled to the compressor circuit reverses the polarity of energy dissipated by the pulse power generating circuit and transfers the waste energy back to the power source. In a preferred embodiment, the pulse power generating circuit of the present invention utilizes an SCR switch for periodically discharging the charge storing element. This embodiment of the present invention provides pulses consistently and will not provide even a single missed pulse.
摘要:
The present invention provides a reliable modular production quality excimer laser capable of producing 10 mJ laser pulses at 2000 Hz with a full width half, maximum bandwidth of about 0.6 pm or less. Replaceable modules include a laser chamber; a pulse power system comprised of three modules; an optical resonator comprised of a line narrowing module and an output coupler module; a wavemeter module, an electrical control module, a cooling water module and a gas control module. Improvements in the laser chamber permitting the higher pulse rates and improved bandwidth performance include a single upstream preionizer tube and a high efficiency chamber. The chamber is designed for operation at lower fluorine concentration. Important improvements have been provided in the pulse power unit to produce faster rise time and improved pulse energy control. These improvements include an increased capacity high voltage power supply with a voltage bleed-down circuit for precise voltage trimming, an improved commutation module that generates a high voltage pulse from the capacitors charged by the high voltage power supply and amplifies the pulse voltage 23 times with a very fast voltage transformer having a secondary winding consisting of a single four-segment stainless steel rod. A novel design for the compression head saturable inductor greatly reduces the quantity of transformer oil required and virtually eliminates the possibility of oil leakage which in the past has posed a hazard.
摘要:
A reliable, modular, production quality narrow-band KrF excimer laser capable of producing 10 mJ laser pulses at 1000 Hz with a bandwidth of about 0.6 pm or less. The present invention is especially suited to long-term round-the-clock operation in the lithographic production of integrated circuits. Improvements over prior art lasers include a single upstream preionizer tube and acoustic baffles. A preferred embodiment includes reduced fluorine concentration, an anode support bar shaped to reduce aerodynamic reaction forces on blower bearings, a modified pulse power system providing faster pulse rise time, an output coupler with substantially increased reflectivity, a line narrowing module with CaF prism beam expanders, a more accurate wavemeter, a laser computer controller programmed with new and improved pulse energy control algorithm.
摘要:
Disclosed is a laser useful in, e.g., photolithography or medical surgery. In one embodiment, the laser comprises a discharge chamber and heat-generating electronics that are enclosed in a baffled enclosure that requires less cooling air to reliably cool the components in the enclosure than previous unbaffled enclosures. A method of reducing the amount of conditioned air is also provided. In a further embodiment, the laser has a heat-exchange system that acts quickly in response to changes in laser gas temperature by adjusting a flow-proportioning valve regulating water flow through a heat exchanger, thereby providing a continuously variable rate of heat exchange through the heat exchanger to maintain the lasing gas temperature constant. Methods of providing a laser beam and of improving the uniformity of a laser beam are disclosed, as are photolithography methods utilizing a laser and method of this invention.
摘要:
A gas discharge laser with fast response gas temperature control to maintain laser gas temperature within desired limits during burst mode operation. Preferred embodiments include a passive temperature stabilizer having fins with surface areas exposed to flowing laser gas at least equal to the surface area of the cooling fins of a laser gas heat exchanger. Preferred embodiments utilize heating elements and coolant flow control to regulate laser gas temperatures using processors programmed to anticipate idle periods.
摘要:
An excimer laser system with a fluorine control having a fixed volume inject bottle in which fluorine is injected prior to it being injected into the laser chamber. A manifold and feedback control system is provided to permit precise injection at rates approaching continuous fluorine injection. The system permits the laser to be operated in a small sweet spot as measured by a narrow range of charging voltage.
摘要:
A lithograph quality optimization process for controlling laser beam parameters when changing operating modes. The laser is programmed to automatically conduct an optimization procedure preferably in less than one minute to adjust laser operating parameters such as blower speed, total gas pressure and F2 partial pressure in order to optimize beam quality parameters.
摘要:
An excimer laser system with an automatic fluorine control system to permit precise control of the fluorine concentration within an F2 “sweet spot” in a gas discharge laser chamber. This is done with a computer control system which monitors laser parameters, determines &Dgr;E/&Dgr;V, the change of pulse energy with voltage, and automatically and precisely controls the fluorine concentration based on &Dgr;E/&Dgr;V without the need to actually measure the fluorine concentration. The present invention is especially useful in lithography environments in which photo resist having a wide range of sensitivity are used. The present invention permits operation of the laser at substantially maximum efficiency over a wide range of pulse energy outputs.
摘要:
An excimer laser system with a real time fluorine monitor and an automatic fluorine control system to permit precise control of the fluorine concentration within the laser chamber. Cleaned laser gas is extracted from the laser chamber and directed through an F2 sample cell prior to returning to the chamber through one of the chamber window housings. A UV light beam is directed through the F2 sample cell and the amount of absorption of the light is measured. In preferred embodiments the absorption is measured by detecting with a photo detector the amount of light which passes through the cell. The photo detector provides a feedback signal which is used by a laser controller to automatically control fluorine concentration in the chamber to within desired ranges. In another preferred embodiment an acoustic detector detects acoustic signals resulting from absorbed light pulses. This invention provides a substantially real time measurement of fluorine concentration.
摘要:
A high power narrow band, high repetition rate laser light source optical improvement apparatus and methods are disclosed with a fast angularly positionable mirror having a mirror mounting frame, a reflective optic with a coefficient different from that of the mounting frame, at least one flexure mount fromed in the mounting frame that is flexible having flexure arm attached the flexture to the mounting frame. The apparatus may include a flexure force mechanism having an elongated rod. The force mechanism may pre-stress the flexure. The mirror maybe a grating which includes a substrate with metallic layer formed on the substrate, and a protective coating made of silica formed on the reflective metallic layer. The grating maybe actively tuned using an electro- or magneto-sensitive element. Oxides of the metal in the reflective layer may be removed by a hydrogen purge system exposed to deep ultraviolet radiation.