摘要:
A method composition and apparatus for the hybridization and separation of molecules having a desired target sequence in a sample by contacting a sample of single stranded nucleic acids with a detectable PNA probe having a sequence complementary to the target sequence so that the target sequence, if present, will hybridize with the detectable probe to form a detectable duplex, and then separating the duplex in a denaturing medium from unbound sample components by electrophoresis. The invention also relates to methods compositions and apparatus for the hybridization and separation of molecules having a desired target sequence in a mixed sample of single stranded nucleic acids and their complementary strands by contacting the sample with a detectable PNA probe.
摘要:
A sample holder comprises a substrate microfabricated to define a multiplicity of microscopic islands defining sample support surfaces. At least one sump separates adjacent island surfaces and inhibits transport of samples between adjacent island surfaces.
摘要:
A time-of-flight mass spectrometer for measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of a sample molecule is described. The spectrometer provides independent control of the electric field experienced by the sample before and during ion extraction. Methods of mass spectrometry utilizing the principles of this invention reduce matrix background, induce fast fragmentation, and control the transfer of energy prior to ion extraction.
摘要:
Disclosed are specifically designed binding, "protein imaged" sorbents which reversibly bind with high specificity and affinity a preselected macromolecule, specifically a protein. The sorbents define one or more cavities which have a binding surface complementary in shape to the molecular surface of the macromolecule and a plurality of positively and negatively charged chemical moieties spatially distributed in a mirror image and charge inverse of a subset of the ionizable groups on the molecular surface of the macromolecule. Also disclosed are methods of producing such sorbents, useful over a range of conditions, for both preparative and analytical chromatographic separations or for use in various types of analyses.
摘要:
Disclosed are chromatography methods and matrix geometries which permit high resolution, high productivity separation of mixtures of solutes, particularly biological materials. The method involves passing fluids through specially designed chromatography matrices at high flow rates. The matrices define first and second interconnected sets of pores and a high surface area for solute interaction in fluid communication with the members of the second set of pores. The first and second sets of pores are embodied, for example, as the interstices among particles and throughpores within the particles. The pores are dimensioned such that, at achievable high fluid flow rates, convective flow occurs in both pore sets, and the convective flow rate exceeds the rate of solute diffusion in the second pore set. This approach couples convective and diffusive mass transport to and from the active surface and permits increases in fluid velocity without the normally expected bandspreading.
摘要:
Disclosed are methods and apparatus for determining the presence of one or more analytes in a sample, wherein the presence of a complex of an analyte and an analyte-specific binding moiety is detected at a location in an elongate pH gradient corresponding to a predetermined isoelectric point of the complex in the gradient. An electric field applied across the elongate pH gradient prior to the detection of the complex transports the complex to the location in the pH gradient corresponding to the predetermined isoelectric point. The analyte-specific binding moiety preferably is provided with a detectable label such as a fluorescent label. A parameter, e.g., fluorescence intensity, indicative of the amount of the complex at the location in the pH gradient corresponding to the predetermined isoelectric point may be determined to quantitate the analyte.
摘要:
Disclosed are chemically-produced specific binding, "molecular imaged" sorbents which reversibly bind a preselected macromolecule by spacially matched multipoint interactions between functional groups synthesized on the surface of the sorbent and functional groups on the surface of the macromolecule. Also disclosed are methods of producing such sorbents. The sorbents typically are high surface area solids comprising surface binding regions which have charged groups, metal coordinating groups, hydrophobic moities, or various combination thereof anchored thereto and spaced in the mirror image of complementary interactive groups on a surface of the macromolecule.
摘要:
A process and apparatus are provided for simultaneously moving a first sample plate into an analytical apparatus and a second sample plate from the analytical apparatus. The first sample plate is moved on an entry path which is vertically spaced apart from an exit path for the second sample plate. The transfer mechanism is disclosed in operation with a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer.
摘要:
A time-of-flight mass spectrometer for measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of a sample molecule is described. The spectrometer provides independent control of the electric field experienced by the sample before and during ion extraction. Methods of mass spectrometry utilizing the principles of this invention reduce matrix background, induce fast fragmentation, and control the transfer of energy prior to ion extraction.
摘要:
Constructs of peptides and nucleic acid analogs conjugated together for transport across a lipid membrane and for delivery into interactive contact with intracellular polynucleotides are disclosed. Transport is effected through at least the exterior membrane of a cell, and most likely also through the walls of subcellular structures separated from the cytosol by lipid membranes, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analog sequences conjugated through a labile disulfide bond to transporting peptides, are intracellulary cleaved, and target mRNA (antigene) or dsDNA (antisense).