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    Sub-threshold stimulation to precondition neurons for supra-threshold stimulation
    81.
    发明授权
    Sub-threshold stimulation to precondition neurons for supra-threshold stimulation 有权
    用于超临界刺激的预处理神经元的亚阈值刺激

    公开(公告)号：US07765009B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-07-27

    申请号：US11924313

    申请日：2007-10-25

    申请人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Matthew J. McMahon

    发明人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Matthew J. McMahon

    IPC分类号： A61N1/00

    CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/0543

    摘要： In order to generate the smallest phosphenes possible, it is advantageous to selectively stimulate smaller cells. By hyperpolarizing the somas of the large cells selectively with sub-threshold anodic ‘pre-pulse’ stimuli (making them more difficult to stimulate) and then selectively depolarize the smaller cells one can selectively stimulate smaller cells. Alternatively, one can hyperpolarize the dendrites of the cells with larger dendritic fields by applying sub-threshold anodic currents on surrounding electrodes and then depolarizing the smaller cells in the center. Further, one can manipulate the phases of an individual biphasic wave to affect selective stimulation resulting in more focal responses. It is possible to increase resolution with the ‘pre-pulse’ described above. One can also effect resolution by modifying the pulse order of the cathodic and anodic phases. Further, one can isolate the effect of the phases by separating them in time (long inter-phase interval) or by making one of the phases long and low amplitude—always keeping equal total charge for the two phases. As an example, one can preferentially stimulate smaller ganglion cells by providing a longer sub-threshold anodic pulse balanced with a shorter supra-threshold cathodic pulse. Preferentially stimulating the smaller ganglion cells will allow stimulation of different brightness levels while maintaining high spatial resolution.

    摘要翻译： 为了产生可能的最小磷光体，有利的是选择性地刺激较小的细胞。 通过使用亚阈值阳极“预脉冲”刺激（使它们更难刺激）选择性地超极化大细胞的体细胞，然后选择性去极化较小的细胞，可以选择性地刺激较小的细胞。 或者，可以通过在周围电极上施加亚阈值阳极电流然后使中心的较小细胞去极化来超极化具有较大树枝状场的细胞的树突。 此外，人们可以操纵单个双相波的相位以影响选择性刺激，导致更多的局部反应。 可以用上述'预脉冲'来提高分辨率。 也可以通过改变阴极和阳极相的脉冲顺序来影响分辨率。 此外，可以通过在时间上（长的相间间隔）将它们分离，或者通过使相位中的一个长和低振幅 - 总是保持两相的总电荷来隔离相的影响。 作为示例，可以通过提供用较短的超阈值阴极脉冲平衡的较长的亚阈值阳极脉冲来优先地刺激较小的神经节细胞。 优先刺激较小的神经节细胞将允许刺激不同的亮度水平，同时保持高的空间分辨率。

    Package for an implantable device
    83.
    发明授权
    Package for an implantable device 有权
    可植入装置的包装

    公开(公告)号：US07725191B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-05-25

    申请号：US11926030

    申请日：2007-10-28

    申请人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Joseph H. Schulman

    发明人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Joseph H. Schulman

    IPC分类号： A61N1/375

    CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/37247 ,  A61N1/375 ,  H01L2224/16225 ,  Y10T29/49165

    摘要： The present invention is an implantable electronic device formed within a biocompatible hermetic package. Preferably the implantable electronic device is used for a visual prosthesis for the restoration of sight in patients with lost or degraded visual function. The package may include a hard hermetic box, a thin film hermetic coating, or both.

    摘要翻译： 本发明是一种在生物相容的密封包装内形成的可植入电子器件。 优选地，可植入电子装置用于视觉假体，用于在具有丢失或退化的视觉功能的患者中恢复视力。 包装可以包括硬密封盒，薄膜密封涂层或两者。

    Techniques and Functional Electrical Stimulation to Eliminate Discomfort During Electrical Stimulation of the Retina
    84.
    发明申请
    Techniques and Functional Electrical Stimulation to Eliminate Discomfort During Electrical Stimulation of the Retina 有权
    技术和功能电刺激消除视网膜刺激期间的不适

    公开(公告)号：US20100087895A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-04-08

    申请号：US12562022

    申请日：2009-09-17

    申请人： Chunhong Zhou ,  Avraham I. Caspi ,  Kelly H. McClure ,  Matthew J. McMahon ,  Arup Roy ,  Robert J. Greenberg

    发明人： Chunhong Zhou ,  Avraham I. Caspi ,  Kelly H. McClure ,  Matthew J. McMahon ,  Arup Roy ,  Robert J. Greenberg

    IPC分类号： A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36

    CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/0543

    摘要： Techniques and functional electrical stimulation to eliminate discomfort during electrical stimulation of the retina are provided. According to a first technique, discomfort is eliminated through control of timing group assignment. According to a second technique, discomfort is eliminated through an edge detection method. According to a third technique, brightness clipping is used to eliminate discomfort. According to a fourth technique, direct reduction of current is obtained by scaling it down by a factor which is dependent on the sum of current in all electrodes. According to a fifth technique, the current being fed to each electrode is adjusted, by dividing it by a weighted sum of currents fed to the surrounding electrodes. According to a sixth technique, a method based on the current summation effect is used. According to a seventh technique, a large return electrode is used. According to an eighth technique, the return electrode is used for a pseudo-multi-polar stimulation.

    摘要翻译： 提供了技术和功能性电刺激，以消除视网膜的电刺激期间的不适。 根据第一技术，通过控制定时组分配来消除不适。 根据第二技术，通过边缘检测方法消除不适。 根据第三种技术，使用亮度限制来消除不适。 根据第四种技术，电流的直接减小是通过将其缩小一个依赖于所有电极中的电流之和的因子来获得的。 根据第五种技术，通过将馈送给每个电极的电流除以被馈送到周围电极的电流的加权和来调节。 根据第六种技术，使用基于当前求和效应的方法。 根据第七种技术，使用大的返回电极。 根据第八技术，返回电极用于伪多极化刺激。

    Flexible Circuit Electrode Array
    86.
    发明申请
    Flexible Circuit Electrode Array 有权
    柔性电路电极阵列

    公开(公告)号：US20090264972A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-10-22

    申请号：US12163658

    申请日：2008-06-27

    申请人： David Daomin Zhou ,  Robert J. Greenberg ,  Jordan Matthew Neysmith ,  Boon-Khai Ng ,  James Singleton Little

    发明人： David Daomin Zhou ,  Robert J. Greenberg ,  Jordan Matthew Neysmith ,  Boon-Khai Ng ,  James Singleton Little

    IPC分类号： A61N1/05 ,  B29C70/88 ,  B05D5/12

    CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61N1/0541 ,  H05K1/036 ,  H05K1/0393 ,  H05K1/118 ,  H05K3/28 ,  H05K2201/0133 ,  H05K2201/0195 ,  Y10T156/1002

    摘要： A flexible circuit electrode array, which comprises: a polymer base layer; metal traces deposited on said polymer base layer, including electrodes suitable to stimulate neural tissue; a polymer top layer deposited on said polymer base layer and said metal traces; and a partial or entire coating of the base and top layer by a soft polymer.A method of preparing a flexible circuit electrode array, comprising: (a) providing a first soft polymer layer; (b) depositing a first a base layer on the first soft polymer layer; (c) providing a metal thin film on the base layer; (d) depositing a top polymer layer on the metal thin film; (e) providing holes in the top polymer layer; (f) depositing a second soft polymer layer on the top polymer layer; (g) providing holes in the second soft polymer layer for bond pads and electrodes; and (h) preparing electrodes in the provided holes.A method of preparing a flexible circuit electrode array, comprising: (a) providing a first soft polymer layer; (b) depositing a first a base layer on the first soft polymer layer; (c) providing a metal thin film on the base layer; (d) depositing a top polymer layer on the metal thin film; (e) depositing a second soft polymer layer on the top polymer layer; (f) providing holes in the second soft polymer layer and in the top polymer layer for bond pads and electrodes; and (g) preparing electrodes in the provided holes.

    摘要翻译： 一种柔性电路电极阵列，包括：聚合物基层; 沉积在所述聚合物基层上的金属痕迹，包括适于刺激神经组织的电极; 沉积在所述聚合物基底层和所述金属迹线上的聚合物顶层; 以及通过软聚合物的基底和顶层的部分或全部涂层。 一种制备柔性电路电极阵列的方法，包括：（a）提供第一软聚合物层; （b）在第一软聚合物层上沉积第一基底层; （c）在基层上提供金属薄膜; （d）在金属薄膜上沉积顶部聚合物层; （e）在顶部聚合物层中提供孔; （f）在顶部聚合物层上沉积第二软聚合物层; （g）在第二软聚合物层中为接合焊盘和电极提供孔; 和（h）在所提供的孔中制备电极。 一种制备柔性电路电极阵列的方法，包括：（a）提供第一软聚合物层; （b）在第一软聚合物层上沉积第一基底层; （c）在基层上提供金属薄膜; （d）在金属薄膜上沉积顶部聚合物层; （e）在顶部聚合物层上沉积第二软聚合物层; （f）在第二软聚合物层和顶部聚合物层中提供用于接合焊盘和电极的孔; 和（g）在所提供的孔中制备电极。

    Field Focusing and Mapping in a Visual Prosthesis
    87.
    发明申请
    Field Focusing and Mapping in a Visual Prosthesis 有权
    视觉假体中的场聚焦和绘图

    公开(公告)号：US20090259276A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-10-15

    申请号：US12487498

    申请日：2009-06-18

    申请人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Richard Williamson

    发明人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Richard Williamson

    IPC分类号： A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36

    CPC分类号： A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/36036 ,  A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/36185

    摘要： The present invention is a system for mapping a high resolution image to a lower resolution electrode array and, by applying varying stimulus to neighboring electrodes, creating a perceived image greater in resolution than the electrode array. The invention is applicable to a wide range of neural stimulation devices including artificial vision and artificial hearing. By applying a sub-threshold stimulus to two neighboring electrodes where the sum of the stimuli is above the threshold of perception, a perception is created in neural tissue between the two electrodes. By adjusting the stimulus on neighboring electrodes, the location of stimulation can be altered. Further, noise can be applied to the stimulating electrode or its neighboring electrodes to reduce the threshold of stimulation.

    摘要翻译： 本发明是一种用于将高分辨率图像映射到较低分辨率电极阵列的系统，并且通过对相邻电极施加变化的刺激，产生比电极阵列更大的分辨率的感知图像。 本发明适用于包括人造视觉和人造听觉在内的各种神经刺激装置。 通过对刺激总和高于感知阈值的两个相邻电极施加亚阈值刺激，在两个电极之间的神经组织中产生感知。 通过调整相邻电极的刺激，可以改变刺激的位置。 此外，可以将刺激电极或其相邻电极施加噪声以降低刺激阈值。

    Logarithmic light intensifier for use with photoreceptor-based implanted retinal prosthetics and those prosthetics
    88.
    发明授权
    Logarithmic light intensifier for use with photoreceptor-based implanted retinal prosthetics and those prosthetics 有权
    用于光感受器植入的视网膜假体和那些假肢的对数光增强器

    公开(公告)号：US07539544B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-26

    申请号：US11522001

    申请日：2006-09-14

    申请人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Abraham N. Seidman ,  Joseph H. Schulman

    发明人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Abraham N. Seidman ,  Joseph H. Schulman

    IPC分类号： A61N1/00

    CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61F9/08

    摘要： Directly modulating a beam of photons onto the retinas of patients who have extreme vision impairment or blindness. Supplying enough imaging energy to retinal prosthetics implanted in the eye which operate by having light (external to the eye) activating photoreceptors, or photoelectrical material. Providing sufficient light amplification and does it logarithmically. Having sufficient output light power, the output light level still remains at a safe level. Providing balanced biphasic stimulation with no net charge injection into the eye. Both optical and electronic magnification for the image is incorporated. It would not be feasible to zoom in on items of particular interest or necessity. Improper threshold amplitudes would obtain uncomfortable maximum thresholds. Proper adjustment for the threshold amplitudes and maximum comfortable thresholds is provided. The extent that the individual stimulation sites in the retina give different color perceptions, upon stimulation, colors of the viewed scene is correlated with specific stimulation sites providing a certain amount of color vision.

    摘要翻译： 将一束光子直接调制到具有极端视力障碍或失明的患者的视网膜上。 为植入眼睛的视网膜假体提供足够的成像能量，通过使光线（眼睛外部）激活光感受器或光电材料来操作。 提供足够的光放大和对数。 具有足够的输出光功率，输出光水平仍然保持在一个安全的水平。 提供平衡的双相刺激，没有净电荷注入眼睛。 并入了图像的光学和电子倍率。 放大特别感兴趣或必要的项目是不可行的。 不正确的阈值幅度将获得不舒适的最大阈值。 提供了阈值幅度和最大舒适阈值的适当调整。 视网膜中的个体刺激部位在不同的颜色感觉的情况下，在刺激时，观看场景的颜色与提供一定量颜色视觉的特定刺激部位相关。

    Return Electrode for a Flexible Circuit Electrode Array
    89.
    发明申请
    Return Electrode for a Flexible Circuit Electrode Array 审中-公开
    用于柔性电路电极阵列的返回电极

    公开(公告)号：US20090118805A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-07

    申请号：US12168740

    申请日：2008-07-07

    申请人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Jordan Matthew Neysmith ,  Neil Hamilton Talbot ,  James Singleton Little ,  Kelly H. McClure ,  Brian V. Mech ,  Rongqing Dai ,  David Daomin Zhou ,  Gaillard R. Nolan

    发明人： Robert J. Greenberg ,  Jordan Matthew Neysmith ,  Neil Hamilton Talbot ,  James Singleton Little ,  Kelly H. McClure ,  Brian V. Mech ,  Rongqing Dai ,  David Daomin Zhou ,  Gaillard R. Nolan

    IPC分类号： A61F9/08 ,  A61N1/05

    CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61N1/36046 ,  H05K1/118

    摘要： In a visual prosthesis electrodes stimulate retinal tissue to induce the perception of light to a user implanted with the prosthesis. The prosthesis must have a return, or common, electrode to make a complete circuit with the retinal tissue. To avoid stimulating tissue with the return electrode, it is advantageous if the electrode is large.The invention involver a flexible circuit electrode array comprising a polymer base layer, metal traces deposited on said polymer base layer, including electrodes suitable to stimulate neural tissue a polymer top layer deposited on said polymer base layer and said metal traces, and a return electrode separate from said stimulating electrodes.The flexible circuit electrode array comprises a secondary coil for receiving visual data; an electronics package electrically coupled to said receiving coil, and a plurality of stimulating electrode electrically coupled to said electronics package.

    摘要翻译： 在视觉假体中，电极刺激视网膜组织以诱导植入假体的使用者对光的感知。 假体必须具有返回或常见的电极以与视网膜组织形成完整的电路。 为了避免用返回电极刺激组织，如果电极很大，则是有利的。 本发明涉及柔性电路电极阵列，其包括聚合物基底层，沉积在所述聚合物基底层上的金属迹线，包括适于刺激沉积在所述聚合物基底层和所述金属迹线上的聚合物顶层的神经组织的电极和分离的回流电极 从所述刺激电极。 柔性电路电极阵列包括用于接收视觉数据的次级线圈; 电耦合到所述接收线圈的电子封装，以及电耦合到所述电子封装的多个刺激电极。