摘要:
Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices. In some embodiments, the fuel processing systems and the hydrogen purification membranes include a metal membrane, which is at least substantially comprised of palladium or a palladium alloy. In some embodiments, the membrane contains trace amounts of carbon, silicon, and/or oxygen. In some embodiments, the membranes form part of a hydrogen purification device that includes an enclosure containing a separation assembly, which is adapted to receive a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and to produce a stream that contains pure or at least substantially pure hydrogen gas therefrom. In some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processor, and in some embodiments, the membrane(s) and/or purification device forms a portion of a fuel processing or fuel cell system.
摘要:
Microliter scale solid phase extraction devices for preparing analytes in microliter volumes are disclosed. A re-useable device is provided in cartridge form that includes a central containment member with a containment bore that holds as little as 1 to 5 μl or less of a solid phase material that binds the analyte. The containment bore is enclosed on either side by a porous membrane that has an inner portion exposed for fluid flow and a peripheral portion that is sealed against fluid flow. The seal is formed by engaging the periphery of the porous membranes between sealing surfaces of the central containment member and corresponding sealing surfaces on first and second conduit assemblies that comprise the remainder of the cartridge. A non-reuseable device is provided in “chip” form, which includes a porous filter sandwiched between top and bottom wafers each having a plurality corresponding input and output conduits for a plurality of samples.
摘要:
A membrane module for the separation of hydrogen is configured for parallel flows and contains a plurality of planar membrane cells which respectively comprise two hydrogen-selective planar membranes respectively surrounded by a flat membrane frame. An air-permeable distancing layer is arranged between the membranes for removal of the permeate gas and a supply frame surrounding a supply area for the reformate gas. All membrane frames and supply frames have the same outer dimensions and form a stack with planar side surfaces. Two membrane frames of each membrane cell have protruding edges directed towards each other, enabling them to enter into contact with each other, except for at least one first opening towards a side surface of the stack. The supply frame is disposed, except for second and third openings towards the side surfaces of the stack, in a closely adjacent manner to the edges of the membrane frame of two neighboring membrane cells. The outsides of all membrane frames and supply frames, except for first, second and third openings, are welded or soldered to each other in a gas-tight manner.
摘要:
A fluid-gas separator includes a gas-permeable membrane arranged sufficiently adjacent to a fluid-permeable membrane to allow the separation of fluid and gas flowing therein independent of the orientation of the fluid-gas separator itself.
摘要:
A filtration system and a method of cleaning a particle and/or colloidal fouled filtration membrane are provided. The filtration system includes at least one filtration membrane disposed in a casing, and at least one ultrasonic transducer in direct contact with a fluid to be filtered. Ultrasonic energy is emitted by the ultrasonic transducer in the direction of the filtration membrane. Dislodged particles cleaned by the ultrasonic energy from the filtration membrane are carried away in a cross-flow stream and wasted or recycled back to the beginning of the treatment process. The ultrasonic transducer can be fixed or movable. The filtration system can use different filtration membrane configurations such as, but not limited to, tubular, flat sheet, hollow fiber and spiral wound membranes.
摘要:
The present invention includes a membrane construction for selectively transferring a constituent to or from a fluid. The membrane construction includes a multi-layer fluid impermeable support sheet having a plurality of supports on at least one side of the support sheet that form a plurality of flow channels. At least one layer of the multi-layer support sheet is a bonding layer. A fluid permeable layer extends over the flow channels and is bonded to the plurality of the supports by the bonding layer.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for making a substantially flat filter plate comprising a substantially flat polymer, preferably thermoplastic, frame and substantially flat filter material seated fixedly therein. The method is characterized by its reduced exposure of the filter material to adverse mechanical stresses resultant of polymeric frame formation and curing. Toward such end, the substantially flat polymeric frame is formed in at least two separate steps, in the course of which said substantially flat filter material is incorporated. The portion formed first serves as a mechanical restraint, insulating the later incorporated filter material from any propensity of the second “embedding” portion to shrink or otherwise warp during its formation.
摘要:
A particulate filter particularly suited for analytical gravimetric weighing applications is disclosed. The particulate filter includes a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) media supported by a ring and yields stable microgram and submicrogram weighing results. The support ring may be PTFE, metal foil, or another non-hygroscopic polymer such that the mass of the filter does not vary with changes in atmospheric moisture. The filter simplifies the discharge of electrostatic charge buildup such that when a conductive filter media is combined with a conductive ring device, the discharge may be accomplished by placing the filter on a grounded weighing pan or other surface. The particulate filter can simplify filter identification by including identification symbols imprinted on each side of the filter media. Due to the chemically inert qualities of its components, the particulate filter is particularly suited for extraction techniques used during the detection of polycyclic hydrocarbons as is conducted in emissions and ambient air testing.
摘要:
Method and apparatus for mixing a specimen (e.g., a biological fluid specimen) in an upstanding container having an internal mixer with a cavity defined by an upstanding annular wall. The annular wall of the mixer is engaged by a movable holder, which is elevated along with the engaged mixer sufficiently to prevent contact of the mixer with the container during mixing. The mixer is then moved to mix the specimen. The holder, which may include an expanding collet that fits within the cavity of the mixer, preferably rotates the mixer to stir the specimen. When mixing is complete, the holder is disengaged from the mixer. A controller coordinates all actions of the holder.
摘要:
In an apparatus 10, a space is formed by a pair of impermeable supports 16 and a pair of spacer members 12 for providing a predetermined distance between the impermeable supports 16. A permeable membrane is provided within the space and outlets 15 are provided on each of the pair of impermeable members 16. A stirrer 20 is provided within the space where the permeating object is present, and comprises a stirring axis 22, a driving source for oscillating the stirring axis 22, and a plurality of stirring blades 24 mounted on the stirring axis 22. Cut sections 26 are provided at a portion of each of the stirring blades 24 so that the permeating object can be circulated at the space between the stirring blade 24 and the inner wall of the spacer member 12 or at the space between the stirring blade 24 and the permeable membrane 14. The cut sections are alternately provided at the right and left sides of the layered stirring blades.