摘要:
A system and method for measuring the thermal distributions of an electronic device during operation is described. In an embodiment of the present invention, the system includes a duct adapted to be coupled with an electronic device and a coolant flowing through the duct so as to cool the electronic device. The duct and the coolant are at least partially transparent to photons with wavelengths between about 0.1 micron to 20 microns. The system further includes a photon detector located adjacent to the duct for detecting photons. The photon detector captures thermal information from the electronic device during operation of the electronic device, wherein the electronic device is operating under conditions for which the electronic device is designed. The system further includes a processor coupled to the photon detector for generating a thermal distribution of the electronic device based on information received from the photon detector.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for fabricating or altering a microstructure use means for heating to facilitate a local chemical reaction that forms or alters the submicrostructure.
摘要:
Techniques for providing high-capacity, re-workable connections in concentrated photovoltaic devices are provided. In one aspect, a lead frame package for a photovoltaic device is provided that includes a beam shield; and one or more lead frame connectors affixed to the beam shield, wherein the lead frame connectors are configured to provide connection to the photovoltaic device when the photovoltaic device is assembled to the lead frame package. A photovoltaic apparatus is also provided that includes a lead frame package assembled to a photovoltaic device. The lead frame package includes a beam shield and one or more lead frame connectors affixed to the beam shield, wherein the lead frame connectors are configured to provide connection to the photovoltaic device.
摘要:
A memory cell includes at least one heater, and at least two leads and a heating element which is formed between at least two leads, a material of the heating element being different from a material of at least two leads such that a location of a hot spot in the heater is controllable based on a polarity of current in the heater and at least one storage medium formed adjacent to at least one heater.
摘要:
Embodiments relate to a solar cell apparatus including a molybdenum (Mo) contact layer and an annealed absorber layer including zinc and sulfur directly adjacent to the Mo contact layer. The apparatus has no molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layer located between the Mo contact layer and the annealed absorber layer. The apparatus further includes a buffer layer adjacent to the annealed absorber layer.
摘要:
A memory device and a method of forming the same are provided. The memory device includes a substrate; a set of electrodes disposed on the substrate; a dielectric layer formed between the set of electrodes; and a transition metal oxide layer formed between the set of electrodes, the transition metal oxide layer configured to undergo a metal-insulator transition (MIT) to perform a read or write operation.
摘要:
The present invention provides a semiconductor structure including a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of source and drain diffusion regions located therein, each pair of source and drain diffusion regions are separated by a device channel. The structure further includes a first gate stack of pFET device located on top of some of the device channels, the first gate stack including a high-k gate dielectric, an insulating interlayer abutting the gate dielectric and a fully silicided metal gate electrode abutting the insulating interlayer, the insulating interlayer includes an insulating metal nitride that stabilizes threshold voltage and flatband voltage of the p-FET device to a targeted value and is one of aluminum oxynitride, boron nitride, boron oxynitride, gallium nitride, gallium oxynitride, indium nitride and indium oxynitride. A second gate stack of an nFET devices is located on top remaining device channels, the second gate stack including a high-k gate dielectric and a fully silicided gate electrode located directly atop the high-k gate dielectric.
摘要:
Techniques for fabricating thin film solar cells, such as CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) solar cells are provided. In one aspect, a method of fabricating a solar cell is provided that includes the following steps. A substrate is provided. The substrate is coated with a molybdenum (Mo) layer. A stress-relief layer is deposited on the Mo layer. The stress-relief layer is coated with a diffusion barrier. Absorber layer constituent components are deposited on the diffusion barrier, wherein the constituent components comprise one or more of sulfur (S) and selenium (Se). The constituent components are annealed to form an absorber layer, wherein the stress-relief layer relieves thermal stress imposed on the absorber layer, and wherein the diffusion barrier blocks diffusion of the one or more of S and Se into the Mo layer. A buffer layer is formed on the absorber layer. A transparent conductive electrode is formed on the buffer layer.
摘要:
A multi-junction photovoltaic device includes a silicon substrate and a dielectric layer formed on the silicon substrate. A germanium layer is formed on the dielectric layer. The germanium includes a crystalline structure that is substantially similar to the crystalline structure of the silicon substrate. A first photovoltaic sub-cell includes a first plurality of doped semiconductor layers formed on the germanium layer. At least a second photovoltaic sub-cell includes a second plurality of doped semiconductor layers formed on the first photovoltaic sub-cell that is on the germanium layer that is on the dielectric layer.
摘要:
A method of concentrating solar energy includes receiving solar energy through a surface of an optically clear shell, guiding the solar energy through a liquid contained in the optically clear shell, folding the solar energy back through the liquid toward a solar receiver, and shifting the solar receiver within the optically clear shell to track the sun, wherein the solar energy collected by the solar receiver is converted into electrical energy.