摘要:
There is provided a method for subjecting garment accessories to a surface electrolytic treatment, which can advantageously provide various metallic colors to metallic garment accessories in a cost effective manner. The method can provide a first metallic color on one side of outer surface of the garment accessory while at the same time providing a second metallic color on the other side of the outer surface, by placing one or more metallic garment accessories in an electrolytic solution in a non-contact state with an anode and a cathode for passing electric current through the electrolytic solution, passing electric current through the electrolytic solution and generating a bipolar phenomenon on the garment accessory. The method may further comprise the step of controlling the posture of the garment accessory such that the one side of the outer surface of the garment accessory faces the anode and the other side faces the cathode during passing electric current through the electrolytic solution. The method may further comprise the step of polishing at least a part of the outer surface of the garment accessory during passing electric current through the electrolytic solution.
摘要:
Compositions and methods for silver plating onto metal surfaces such as PWBs in electronics manufacture to produce a silver plating which is greater than 80 atomic % silver, tarnish resistant, and has good solderability.
摘要:
There is provided a method for subjecting garment accessories to a surface electrolytic treatment, which can advantageously provide various metallic colors to metallic garment accessories in a cost effective manner. The method can provide a first metallic color on one side of outer surface of the garment accessory while at the same time providing a second metallic color on the other side of the outer surface, by placing one or more metallic garment accessories in an electrolytic solution in a non-contact state with an anode and a cathode for passing electric current through the electrolytic solution, passing electric current through the electrolytic solution and generating a bipolar phenomenon on the garment accessory. The method may further comprise the step of controlling the posture of the garment accessory such that the one side of the outer surface of the garment accessory faces the anode and the other side faces the cathode during passing electric current through the electrolytic solution. The method may further comprise the step of polishing at least a part of the outer surface of the garment accessory during passing electric current through the electrolytic solution.
摘要:
Variable property deposit, at least partially of fine-grained metallic material, optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, is disclosed. The electrodeposition conditions in a single plating cell are suitably adjusted to once or repeatedly vary at least one property in the deposit direction. In one embodiment denoted multidimension grading, property variation along the length and/or width of the deposit is also provided. Variable property metallic material deposits containing at least in part a fine-grained microstructure and variable property in the deposit direction and optionally multidimensionally, provide superior overall mechanical properties compared to monolithic fine-grained (average grain size: >20 micron) or entirely amorphous metallic material deposits.
摘要:
Among the many embodiment, in one embodiment, a method for processing a substrate is disclosed which includes generating a fluid layer on a surface of the substrate, the fluid layer defining a fluid meniscus. The generating includes moving a head in proximity to the surface, applying a fluid from the head to the surface while the head is in proximity to the surface of the substrate to define the fluid layer, and removing the fluid from the surface through the proximity head by a vacuum. The fluid travels along the fluid layer between the head and the substrate at a velocity that increases as the head is in closer proximity to the surface.
摘要:
The present invention deposits a conductive material from an electrolyte solution to a predetermined area of a wafer. The steps that are used when making this application include applying the conductive material to the predetermined area of the wafer using an electrolyte solution disposed on a surface of the wafer, when the wafer is disposed between a cathode and an anode, and preventing accumulation of the conductive material to areas other than the predetermined area by mechanically polishing the other areas while the conductive material is being applied.
摘要:
A plurality of contact elements, such as contact bumps or free-standing spring contacts (710) including both monolithic and composite interconnection elements, are mounted to relatively small tile substrates (702) which, in turn, are mounted and connected to a relatively large electronic component substrate (706), thereby populating the electronic component with a plurality of contact elements while avoiding the necessity of yielding the contact elements directly upon the electronic component. The relatively large electronic component is suitably a space transformer component of a probe card assembly. In this manner, pressure connections can be made to an entire semiconductor wafer, at once, to provide for wafer-level bum-in, and the like. Solder balls, z-axis conductive adhesive, or compliant connections are suitably employed for making electrical connections between the tile substrates and the electronic component. Multiple die sites on a semiconductor wafer are readily probed using the disclosed techniques, and the tiles can be arranged to optimize probing of an entire wafer. Composite interconnection elements having a relatively soft core overcoated by a relatively hard shell, as the resilient contact structures are described. Techniques for maintaining a prescribed x-y and z-axis alignment of the tiles to the relatively large substrate are disclosed.
摘要:
In a plating method for successively treating a plating target from a pre-treatment step until a plating treatment, (A) a vibrationally stirring apparatus for a treatment bath, (B) an aeration apparatus for the treatment bath, (C) an apparatus for swinging an electrode bar for suspending the plating target thereon, and (D) an apparatus for applying vibration to the electrode bar, are operated in a cleaning tank and at least one of an electroless plating tank and an electroplating tank used as a treatment tank in the pre-treatment step and the plating step.
摘要:
The probe card assembly (500) includes a probe card (502), and a space transformer (506) having resilient contact structures (524) mounted to and extending from terminals (522) on its surface. An interposer (504) is disposed between the space transformer and the probe card. The space transformer and interposer are stacked on the probe card and the resilient contact structures can be arranged to optimise probing of entire wafer.