Abstract:
A method is provided for performing array microcrystallizations to determine suitable crystallization conditions for a molecule, the method comprising: forming an array of microcrystallizations, each microcrystallization comprising a drop comprising a mother liquor solution whose composition varies within the array and a molecule to be crystallized, the drop having a volume of less than 1 microliter; storing the array of microcrystallizations under conditions suitable for molecule crystals to form in the drops in the array; and detecting molecule crystal formation in the drops by taking images of the drops.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are apparatuses and methods for conducting multiple simultaneous micro-volume chemical and biochemical reactions in an array format. In one embodiment, the format comprises an array of microholes in a substrate. Besides serving as an ordered array of sample chambers allowing the performance of multiple parallel reactions, the arrays can be used for reagent storage and transfer, library display, reagent synthesis, assembly of multiple identical reactions, dilution and desalting. Use of the arrays facilitates optical analysis of reactions, and allows optical analysis to be conducted in real time. Included within the invention are kits comprising a microhole apparatus and a reaction component of the method(s) to be carried out in the apparatus.
Abstract:
A method is provided for characterizing a crystal structure of a molecule, the method comprising performing a plurality of crystallization experiments where the crystallization experiments have volumes of less than 1 microliter, the crystallization experiments comprising a molecule to be crystallized and a composition that varies among the plurality of crystallization experiments and diffracting a crystal formed in one of the crystallization experiments.
Abstract:
A method for chemical analysis is provided comprising using a substrate that includes a hydrophilic silicon oxide surface and a hydrophobic self-assembled silane monolayer overlying and covalently bonded to portions of the silicon oxide surface to form a pattern defining a plurality of microwells, forming a solution comprising at least one chemical analyte in at least one of the microwells, and performing a chemical analysis on the solution.
Abstract:
Microporous membranes useful as a microarray for testing, e.g., biomolecules are created by exposure to a laser beam by means of which a grid having a predetermined pattern of reduced porosity is established.
Abstract:
A sample plate for mass spectrometric analysis of a specimen is provided comprising a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, a mask applied to the electrically conductive surface. The mask is applied to the substrate with a rough surface to form at least one sample site. The sample site comprises a central portion formed from the electrically conductive surface and a marginal portion formed from the mask where the marginal portion is more hydrophobic than the central portion.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method comprising a pretreatment step of forming a poly-L-lysine layer on a surface of a base plate, a sample preparation step of preparing a sample containing a DNA fragment, a dilution step of diluting the concentration of the obtained sample, and a supply step of supplying a diluted sample solution onto the base plate to produce a DNA chip. The sample preparation step includes an amplification step of PCR-amplifying the DNA fragment to prepare a PCR product, a powder formation step of drying the obtained PCR product to form DNA powder, and a mixing step of dissolving the obtained DNA powder in a buffer solution.
Abstract:
Improved methods of forming a patterned self-assembled monolayer on a surface and derivative articles are provided. According to one method, an elastomeric stamp is deformed during and/or prior to using the stamp to print a self-assembled molecular monolayer on a surface. According to another method, during monolayer printing the surface is contacted with a liquid that is immiscible with the molecular monolayer-forming species to effect controlled reactive spreading of the monolayer on the surface. Methods of printing self-assembled molecular monolayers on nonplanar surfaces and derivative articles are provided, as are methods of etching surfaces patterned with self-assembled monolayers, including methods of etching silicon. Optical elements including flexible diffraction gratings, mirrors, and lenses are provided, as are methods for forming optical devices and other articles using lithographic molding. A method for controlling the shape of a liquid on the surface of an article is provided, involving applying the liquid to a self-assembled monolayer on the surface, and controlling the electrical potential of the surface.
Abstract:
When the genetic analysis is performed by using a DNA microarray, the inspection accuracy is improved. A sample solution is supplied onto a base plate to prepare the DNA microarray comprising a large number of spots based on the sample solution arranged on the base plate. In the microarray, the planar configuration of the spot is substantially circular, and a plurality of spots having different spot sizes are formed on the base plate.
Abstract:
The assay plate includes a substrate having an substrate surface and at least one raised pad extending from the substrate surface. The raised pad includes a substantially planar sample receiving surface configured for holding a sample thereon for in-situ experimentation. The sample receiving surface preferably has at least one sharp edge at the junction between a sidewall coupling the sample receiving surface to the substrate surface. The sample receiving surface is preferably a circle, oval, square, rectangle, triangle, pentagon, hexagon, or octagon shape that is sized to hold a predetermined volume of the sample. A method of using the above described assay plate is also provided. Once a raised pad extending from a substrate is formed, a sample is deposited on the raised pad. Experiments are subsequently performed using the sample on the raised pad.