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公开(公告)号:US20110285023A1
公开(公告)日:2011-11-24
申请号:US12784266
申请日:2010-05-20
申请人: Wen-Wei Shen , Ying-Ching Shih , Chen-Shien Chen , Ming-Fa Chen
发明人: Wen-Wei Shen , Ying-Ching Shih , Chen-Shien Chen , Ming-Fa Chen
IPC分类号: H01L23/528 , H01L21/50
CPC分类号: H01L25/0657 , H01L21/486 , H01L23/3114 , H01L23/3192 , H01L23/49811 , H01L23/49827 , H01L23/49838 , H01L23/5384 , H01L24/03 , H01L24/05 , H01L24/09 , H01L24/11 , H01L24/13 , H01L24/14 , H01L24/16 , H01L24/17 , H01L24/73 , H01L24/81 , H01L25/0655 , H01L25/50 , H01L2224/0345 , H01L2224/03452 , H01L2224/0381 , H01L2224/03831 , H01L2224/0401 , H01L2224/0557 , H01L2224/05572 , H01L2224/05647 , H01L2224/05666 , H01L2224/05681 , H01L2224/1145 , H01L2224/11452 , H01L2224/11462 , H01L2224/11464 , H01L2224/11472 , H01L2224/1162 , H01L2224/11622 , H01L2224/1181 , H01L2224/11849 , H01L2224/11903 , H01L2224/13016 , H01L2224/13025 , H01L2224/13084 , H01L2224/13111 , H01L2224/13116 , H01L2224/13139 , H01L2224/13144 , H01L2224/13155 , H01L2224/13169 , H01L2224/1354 , H01L2224/1403 , H01L2224/14181 , H01L2224/16145 , H01L2224/16146 , H01L2224/16225 , H01L2224/16227 , H01L2224/73204 , H01L2224/81193 , H01L2225/06513 , H01L2225/06517 , H01L2225/06541 , H01L2225/06548 , H01L2225/06568 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/01006 , H01L2924/01013 , H01L2924/01019 , H01L2924/01029 , H01L2924/01033 , H01L2924/01047 , H01L2924/0105 , H01L2924/01073 , H01L2924/01074 , H01L2924/01075 , H01L2924/01078 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/01082 , H01L2924/014 , H01L2924/14 , H01L2924/15788 , H01L2224/05552 , H01L2924/00
摘要: A bump structure that may be used to interconnect one substrate to another substrate is provided. A conductive pillar is formed on a first substrate such that the conductive pillar has a width different than a contact surface on a second substrate. In an embodiment the conductive pillar of the first substrate has a trapezoidal shape or a shape having tapered sidewalls, thereby providing a conductive pillar having base portion wider than a tip portion. The substrates may each be an integrated circuit die, an interposer, a printed circuit board, a high-density interconnect, or the like.
摘要翻译: 提供了可用于将一个衬底互连到另一衬底的凸块结构。 导电柱形成在第一基板上,使得导电柱的宽度不同于第二基板上的接触表面。 在一个实施例中,第一基板的导电柱具有梯形形状或具有锥形侧壁的形状,从而提供具有比尖端部宽的基部的导电柱。 基板可以各自为集成电路管芯,插入件,印刷电路板,高密度互连等。
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公开(公告)号:US09142533B2
公开(公告)日:2015-09-22
申请号:US12784266
申请日:2010-05-20
申请人: Wen-Wei Shen , Ying-Ching Shih , Chen-Shien Chen , Ming-Fa Chen
发明人: Wen-Wei Shen , Ying-Ching Shih , Chen-Shien Chen , Ming-Fa Chen
IPC分类号: H01L25/065 , H01L25/00 , H01L23/498 , H01L23/31 , H01L23/00
CPC分类号: H01L25/0657 , H01L21/486 , H01L23/3114 , H01L23/3192 , H01L23/49811 , H01L23/49827 , H01L23/49838 , H01L23/5384 , H01L24/03 , H01L24/05 , H01L24/09 , H01L24/11 , H01L24/13 , H01L24/14 , H01L24/16 , H01L24/17 , H01L24/73 , H01L24/81 , H01L25/0655 , H01L25/50 , H01L2224/0345 , H01L2224/03452 , H01L2224/0381 , H01L2224/03831 , H01L2224/0401 , H01L2224/0557 , H01L2224/05572 , H01L2224/05647 , H01L2224/05666 , H01L2224/05681 , H01L2224/1145 , H01L2224/11452 , H01L2224/11462 , H01L2224/11464 , H01L2224/11472 , H01L2224/1162 , H01L2224/11622 , H01L2224/1181 , H01L2224/11849 , H01L2224/11903 , H01L2224/13016 , H01L2224/13025 , H01L2224/13084 , H01L2224/13111 , H01L2224/13116 , H01L2224/13139 , H01L2224/13144 , H01L2224/13155 , H01L2224/13169 , H01L2224/1354 , H01L2224/1403 , H01L2224/14181 , H01L2224/16145 , H01L2224/16146 , H01L2224/16225 , H01L2224/16227 , H01L2224/73204 , H01L2224/81193 , H01L2225/06513 , H01L2225/06517 , H01L2225/06541 , H01L2225/06548 , H01L2225/06568 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/01006 , H01L2924/01013 , H01L2924/01019 , H01L2924/01029 , H01L2924/01033 , H01L2924/01047 , H01L2924/0105 , H01L2924/01073 , H01L2924/01074 , H01L2924/01075 , H01L2924/01078 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/01082 , H01L2924/014 , H01L2924/14 , H01L2924/15788 , H01L2224/05552 , H01L2924/00
摘要: A bump structure that may be used to interconnect one substrate to another substrate is provided. A conductive pillar is formed on a first substrate such that the conductive pillar has a width different than a contact surface on a second substrate. In an embodiment the conductive pillar of the first substrate has a trapezoidal shape or a shape having tapered sidewalls, thereby providing a conductive pillar having base portion wider than a tip portion. The substrates may each be an integrated circuit die, an interposer, a printed circuit board, a high-density interconnect, or the like.
摘要翻译: 提供了可用于将一个衬底互连到另一衬底的凸块结构。 导电柱形成在第一基板上,使得导电柱的宽度不同于第二基板上的接触表面。 在一个实施例中,第一基板的导电柱具有梯形形状或具有锥形侧壁的形状,从而提供具有比尖端部宽的基部的导电柱。 基板可以各自为集成电路管芯,插入件,印刷电路板,高密度互连等。
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公开(公告)号:US08901736B2
公开(公告)日:2014-12-02
申请号:US12789696
申请日:2010-05-28
申请人: Wen-Wei Shen , Chen-Shien Chen , Chen-Cheng Kuo , Ming-Fa Chen , Rung-De Wang
发明人: Wen-Wei Shen , Chen-Shien Chen , Chen-Cheng Kuo , Ming-Fa Chen , Rung-De Wang
IPC分类号: H01L23/48 , H01L23/31 , H01L25/065
CPC分类号: H01L24/16 , H01L23/3157 , H01L24/03 , H01L24/05 , H01L24/11 , H01L24/13 , H01L24/81 , H01L25/0657 , H01L25/50 , H01L2224/03614 , H01L2224/0401 , H01L2224/05017 , H01L2224/05023 , H01L2224/05124 , H01L2224/05139 , H01L2224/05147 , H01L2224/05155 , H01L2224/05568 , H01L2224/05572 , H01L2224/05647 , H01L2224/05666 , H01L2224/1146 , H01L2224/11823 , H01L2224/11831 , H01L2224/1191 , H01L2224/13005 , H01L2224/13018 , H01L2224/13019 , H01L2224/13076 , H01L2224/1308 , H01L2224/13083 , H01L2224/13111 , H01L2224/13124 , H01L2224/13139 , H01L2224/13144 , H01L2224/13147 , H01L2224/13155 , H01L2224/13164 , H01L2224/13565 , H01L2224/1357 , H01L2224/1369 , H01L2224/16145 , H01L2224/16148 , H01L2224/16238 , H01L2224/81193 , H01L2224/81345 , H01L2224/81801 , H01L2224/81815 , H01L2225/06513 , H01L2225/06541 , H01L2924/00014 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/01028 , H01L2924/01029 , H01L2924/01046 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/01322 , H01L2924/05042 , H01L2924/10253 , H01L2924/14 , H01L2924/35 , Y10T428/12361 , Y10T428/12396 , H01L2924/00 , H01L2924/00012 , H01L2924/01047 , H01L2924/206 , H01L2224/05552
摘要: A device includes a work piece including a metal bump; and a dielectric layer having a portion directly over the metal bump. The metal bump and a surface of the portion of the dielectric layer form an interface. A metal finish is formed over and contacting the metal bump. The metal finish extends from over the dielectric layer to below the interface.
摘要翻译: 一种装置包括:包括金属凸块的工件; 以及具有直接在金属凸块上的部分的介电层。 金属凸块和电介质层部分的表面形成界面。 在金属凸块上方形成金属涂层并与金属凸块接触。 金属表面从介电层上延伸到界面的下方。
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公开(公告)号:US08241963B2
公开(公告)日:2012-08-14
申请号:US12835189
申请日:2010-07-13
申请人: Wen-Wei Shen , Yao-Chun Chuang , Chen-Shien Chen , Ming-Fa Chen
发明人: Wen-Wei Shen , Yao-Chun Chuang , Chen-Shien Chen , Ming-Fa Chen
IPC分类号: H01L21/00
CPC分类号: H01L24/13 , H01L23/3114 , H01L23/3192 , H01L23/49816 , H01L24/03 , H01L24/05 , H01L24/11 , H01L24/16 , H01L24/81 , H01L2224/023 , H01L2224/0239 , H01L2224/0345 , H01L2224/03462 , H01L2224/0401 , H01L2224/05008 , H01L2224/05022 , H01L2224/05073 , H01L2224/05083 , H01L2224/05124 , H01L2224/05139 , H01L2224/05147 , H01L2224/05166 , H01L2224/05184 , H01L2224/05582 , H01L2224/05647 , H01L2224/05666 , H01L2224/05681 , H01L2224/10126 , H01L2224/10156 , H01L2224/1145 , H01L2224/11452 , H01L2224/11462 , H01L2224/11474 , H01L2224/11849 , H01L2224/11903 , H01L2224/1308 , H01L2224/13099 , H01L2224/13111 , H01L2224/13116 , H01L2224/13564 , H01L2224/13566 , H01L2224/1357 , H01L2224/13582 , H01L2224/13583 , H01L2224/13639 , H01L2224/13644 , H01L2224/13647 , H01L2224/13669 , H01L2224/13684 , H01L2224/16148 , H01L2224/81193 , H01L2224/81898 , H01L2225/06513 , H01L2924/01013 , H01L2924/01029 , H01L2924/01033 , H01L2924/01047 , H01L2924/0105 , H01L2924/01072 , H01L2924/01073 , H01L2924/01074 , H01L2924/01078 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/01082 , H01L2924/014 , H01L2924/14 , H01L2924/15788 , H01L2924/01007 , H01L2224/13655 , H01L2224/13664 , H01L2924/00
摘要: A bump structure that may be used to interconnect one substrate to another substrate is provided. A recessed conductive pillar is formed on a first substrate such that the recessed conductive pillar has a recess formed therein. The recess may be filled with a solder material. A conductive pillar on a second substrate may be formed having a contact surface with a width less than or equal to a width of the recess. The first substrate may be attached to the second substrate such that the conductive pillar on the second substrate is positioned over or in the recess of the first substrate. The substrates may each be an integrated circuit die, an interposer, a printed circuit board, a high-density interconnect, or the like.
摘要翻译: 提供了可用于将一个衬底互连到另一衬底的凸块结构。 凹陷的导电柱形成在第一基板上,使得凹入的导电柱具有形成在其中的凹部。 凹部可以填充有焊料材料。 第二基板上的导电柱可以形成为具有宽度小于或等于凹部宽度的接触表面。 第一衬底可以附接到第二衬底,使得第二衬底上的导电柱位于第一衬底的凹部中或其中。 基板可以各自为集成电路管芯,插入件,印刷电路板,高密度互连等。
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公开(公告)号:US20120012997A1
公开(公告)日:2012-01-19
申请号:US12835189
申请日:2010-07-13
申请人: Wen-Wei Shen , Yao-Chun Chuang , Chen-Shien Chen , Ming-Fa Chen
发明人: Wen-Wei Shen , Yao-Chun Chuang , Chen-Shien Chen , Ming-Fa Chen
CPC分类号: H01L24/13 , H01L23/3114 , H01L23/3192 , H01L23/49816 , H01L24/03 , H01L24/05 , H01L24/11 , H01L24/16 , H01L24/81 , H01L2224/023 , H01L2224/0239 , H01L2224/0345 , H01L2224/03462 , H01L2224/0401 , H01L2224/05008 , H01L2224/05022 , H01L2224/05073 , H01L2224/05083 , H01L2224/05124 , H01L2224/05139 , H01L2224/05147 , H01L2224/05166 , H01L2224/05184 , H01L2224/05582 , H01L2224/05647 , H01L2224/05666 , H01L2224/05681 , H01L2224/10126 , H01L2224/10156 , H01L2224/1145 , H01L2224/11452 , H01L2224/11462 , H01L2224/11474 , H01L2224/11849 , H01L2224/11903 , H01L2224/1308 , H01L2224/13099 , H01L2224/13111 , H01L2224/13116 , H01L2224/13564 , H01L2224/13566 , H01L2224/1357 , H01L2224/13582 , H01L2224/13583 , H01L2224/13639 , H01L2224/13644 , H01L2224/13647 , H01L2224/13669 , H01L2224/13684 , H01L2224/16148 , H01L2224/81193 , H01L2224/81898 , H01L2225/06513 , H01L2924/01013 , H01L2924/01029 , H01L2924/01033 , H01L2924/01047 , H01L2924/0105 , H01L2924/01072 , H01L2924/01073 , H01L2924/01074 , H01L2924/01078 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/01082 , H01L2924/014 , H01L2924/14 , H01L2924/15788 , H01L2924/01007 , H01L2224/13655 , H01L2224/13664 , H01L2924/00
摘要: A bump structure that may be used to interconnect one substrate to another substrate is provided. A recessed conductive pillar is formed on a first substrate such that the recessed conductive pillar has a recess formed therein. The recess may be filled with a solder material. A conductive pillar on a second substrate may be formed having a contact surface with a width less than or equal to a width of the recess. The first substrate may be attached to the second substrate such that the conductive pillar on the second substrate is positioned over or in the recess of the first substrate. The substrates may each be an integrated circuit die, an interposer, a printed circuit board, a high-density interconnect, or the like.
摘要翻译: 提供了可用于将一个衬底互连到另一衬底的凸块结构。 凹陷的导电柱形成在第一基板上,使得凹入的导电柱具有形成在其中的凹部。 凹部可以填充有焊料材料。 第二基板上的导电柱可以形成为具有宽度小于或等于凹部宽度的接触表面。 第一衬底可以附接到第二衬底,使得第二衬底上的导电柱位于第一衬底的凹部中或其中。 基板可以各自为集成电路管芯,插入件,印刷电路板,高密度互连等。
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公开(公告)号:US20110291262A1
公开(公告)日:2011-12-01
申请号:US12789696
申请日:2010-05-28
申请人: Wen-Wei Shen , Chen-Shien Chen , Chen-Cheng Kuo , Ming-Fa Chen , Rung-De Wang
发明人: Wen-Wei Shen , Chen-Shien Chen , Chen-Cheng Kuo , Ming-Fa Chen , Rung-De Wang
IPC分类号: H01L23/498 , B32B3/10 , B32B15/04 , B32B3/30
CPC分类号: H01L24/16 , H01L23/3157 , H01L24/03 , H01L24/05 , H01L24/11 , H01L24/13 , H01L24/81 , H01L25/0657 , H01L25/50 , H01L2224/03614 , H01L2224/0401 , H01L2224/05017 , H01L2224/05023 , H01L2224/05124 , H01L2224/05139 , H01L2224/05147 , H01L2224/05155 , H01L2224/05568 , H01L2224/05572 , H01L2224/05647 , H01L2224/05666 , H01L2224/1146 , H01L2224/11823 , H01L2224/11831 , H01L2224/1191 , H01L2224/13005 , H01L2224/13018 , H01L2224/13019 , H01L2224/13076 , H01L2224/1308 , H01L2224/13083 , H01L2224/13111 , H01L2224/13124 , H01L2224/13139 , H01L2224/13144 , H01L2224/13147 , H01L2224/13155 , H01L2224/13164 , H01L2224/13565 , H01L2224/1357 , H01L2224/1369 , H01L2224/16145 , H01L2224/16148 , H01L2224/16238 , H01L2224/81193 , H01L2224/81345 , H01L2224/81801 , H01L2224/81815 , H01L2225/06513 , H01L2225/06541 , H01L2924/00014 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/01028 , H01L2924/01029 , H01L2924/01046 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/01322 , H01L2924/05042 , H01L2924/10253 , H01L2924/14 , H01L2924/35 , Y10T428/12361 , Y10T428/12396 , H01L2924/00 , H01L2924/00012 , H01L2924/01047 , H01L2924/206 , H01L2224/05552
摘要: A device includes a work piece including a metal bump; and a dielectric layer having a portion directly over the metal bump. The metal bump and a surface of the portion of the dielectric layer form an interface. A metal finish is formed over and contacting the metal bump. The metal finish extends from over the dielectric layer to below the interface.
摘要翻译: 一种装置包括:包括金属凸块的工件; 以及具有直接在金属凸块上的部分的介电层。 金属凸块和电介质层部分的表面形成界面。 在金属凸块上方形成金属涂层并与金属凸块接触。 金属表面从介电层上延伸到界面的下方。
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公开(公告)号:US08049327B2
公开(公告)日:2011-11-01
申请号:US12348650
申请日:2009-01-05
申请人: Chen-Cheng Kuo , Chih-Hua Chen , Ming-Fa Chen , Chen-Shien Chen
发明人: Chen-Cheng Kuo , Chih-Hua Chen , Ming-Fa Chen , Chen-Shien Chen
IPC分类号: H01L23/04
CPC分类号: H01L21/76898 , H01L23/481 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要: A semiconductor device having one or more through-silicon vias (TSVs) is provided. The TSVs are formed such that sidewalls of the TSVs have a scalloped surface. In an embodiment, the sidewalls of the TSVs are sloped wherein a top and bottom of the TSVs have different dimensions. The TSVs may have a V-shape wherein the TSVs have a wider dimension on a circuit side of the substrate, or an inverted V-shape wherein the TSVs have a wider dimension on a backside of the substrate. The scalloped surfaces of the sidewalls and/or sloped sidewalls allow the TSVs to be more easily filled with a conductive material such as copper.
摘要翻译: 提供了具有一个或多个穿硅通孔(TSV)的半导体器件。 TSV形成为使得TSV的侧壁具有扇形表面。 在一个实施例中,TSV的侧壁是倾斜的,其中TSV的顶部和底部具有不同的尺寸。 TSV可以具有V形,其中TSV在衬底的电路侧具有更宽的尺寸,或者是倒V形,其中TSV在衬底的背面具有更宽的尺寸。 侧壁和/或倾斜侧壁的扇形表面允许TSV更容易地用诸如铜的导电材料填充。
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公开(公告)号:US20100144094A1
公开(公告)日:2010-06-10
申请号:US12329341
申请日:2008-12-05
申请人: Ming-Fa Chen , Chen-Shien Chen , Wen-Chih Chiu
发明人: Ming-Fa Chen , Chen-Shien Chen , Wen-Chih Chiu
IPC分类号: H01L21/02
CPC分类号: H01L21/76898 , H01L21/6835 , H01L24/03 , H01L24/05 , H01L24/11 , H01L24/13 , H01L24/14 , H01L24/16 , H01L24/81 , H01L24/92 , H01L24/94 , H01L25/0657 , H01L25/50 , H01L2221/68327 , H01L2221/6834 , H01L2224/034 , H01L2224/0361 , H01L2224/03616 , H01L2224/0401 , H01L2224/05572 , H01L2224/05624 , H01L2224/05639 , H01L2224/05644 , H01L2224/05647 , H01L2224/05684 , H01L2224/13009 , H01L2224/13025 , H01L2224/131 , H01L2224/13109 , H01L2224/13116 , H01L2224/13144 , H01L2224/13147 , H01L2224/13184 , H01L2224/1403 , H01L2224/14181 , H01L2224/16145 , H01L2224/16146 , H01L2224/16225 , H01L2224/81801 , H01L2224/9202 , H01L2224/9222 , H01L2224/92222 , H01L2224/94 , H01L2225/06513 , H01L2225/06517 , H01L2225/06541 , H01L2924/14 , H01L2224/81 , H01L2224/80 , H01L2924/00014 , H01L2924/0105 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/014 , H01L2224/03 , H01L2224/11 , H01L2924/00012 , H01L2924/00
摘要: The formation of through silicon vias (TSVs) in an integrated circuit (IC) die or wafer is described in which the TSV is formed in the integration process prior to metallization processing. TSVs may be fabricated with increased aspect ratio, extending deeper in a wafer substrate. The method generally reduces the risk of overly-thinning a wafer substrate in a wafer back-side grinding process typically used to expose and make electrical contacts to the TSVs. By providing deeper TSVs and bonding pads, individual wafers and dies may be bonded directly between the TSVs and bonding pads on an additional wafer.
摘要翻译: 描述了在集成电路(IC)裸片或晶片中通过硅通孔(TSV)的形成,其中在金属化处理之前的集成工艺中形成TSV。 TSV可以以增加的纵横比制造,在晶片衬底中更深地延伸。 该方法通常降低了通常用于暴露并与TSV的电接触的晶片背面研磨工艺中的晶片衬底过度稀化的风险。 通过提供更深的TSV和接合焊盘,单个晶片和管芯可以直接接合在TSV和附加晶片上的焊盘之间。
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公开(公告)号:US08288872B2
公开(公告)日:2012-10-16
申请号:US12186105
申请日:2008-08-05
申请人: Ming-Fa Chen , Chen-Shien Chen
发明人: Ming-Fa Chen , Chen-Shien Chen
IPC分类号: H01L23/48
CPC分类号: H01L23/481 , H01L21/6835 , H01L21/6836 , H01L24/02 , H01L24/11 , H01L24/12 , H01L2221/68327 , H01L2221/68372 , H01L2224/0401 , H01L2224/0557 , H01L2224/13025 , H01L2924/00014 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/01004 , H01L2924/01019 , H01L2924/01078 , H01L2924/01079 , H01L2924/04941 , H01L2224/05552
摘要: A system and method for forming under bump metallization layers that reduces the overall footprint of UBMs, through silicon vias, and trace lines is disclosed. A preferred embodiment comprises forming an under bump metallization layer over a plurality of through silicon vias, whereas the UBM is connected to only a portion of the total number of through silicon vias over which it is located. The trace lines connected to the through silicon vias may additionally be formed beneath the UBM to save even more space on the surface of the die.
摘要翻译: 公开了一种用于形成凹凸金属化层的系统和方法,其通过硅通孔和迹线减少了UBM的总体占地面积。 优选实施例包括在多个通孔上形成凸起下金属化层,而UBM仅连接到其所位于的硅通孔总数的一部分。 连接到贯通硅通孔的迹线可另外形成在UBM之下,以在模具表面上节省更多的空间。
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公开(公告)号:US08859424B2
公开(公告)日:2014-10-14
申请号:US12840903
申请日:2010-07-21
申请人: Yung-Jean Lu , Ming-Fa Chen , Chen-Shien Chen , Jao Sheng Huang
发明人: Yung-Jean Lu , Ming-Fa Chen , Chen-Shien Chen , Jao Sheng Huang
IPC分类号: H01L21/44 , H01L21/683
CPC分类号: H01L21/6833 , Y10T29/49124
摘要: A system and method for a semiconductor wafer carrier is disclosed. An embodiment comprises a semiconductor wafer carrier wherein conductive dopants are implanted into the carrier in order to amplify the coulombic forces between an electrostatic chuck and the carrier to compensate for reduced forces that result from thinner semiconductor wafers. Another embodiment forms conductive layers and vias within the carrier instead of implanting conductive dopants.
摘要翻译: 公开了一种用于半导体晶片载体的系统和方法。 一个实施方案包括半导体晶片载体,其中将导电掺杂剂注入到载体中,以便放大静电卡盘和载体之间的库仑力,以补偿由较薄的半导体晶片产生的减小的力。 另一个实施例在载体内形成导电层和通孔,而不是注入导电掺杂剂。
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