公开(公告)号：US5062896A

公开(公告)日：1991-11-05

申请号：US502090

申请日：1990-03-30

申请人： Wu-Song Huang ,  Igor Y. Khandros ,  Ravi Saraf ,  Leathen Shi

发明人： Wu-Song Huang ,  Igor Y. Khandros ,  Ravi Saraf ,  Leathen Shi

IPC分类号： B23K35/22 ,  B23K35/26 ,  B23K35/36 ,  B23K35/363 ,  B23K101/36 ,  C08K3/08 ,  H05K3/32 ,  H05K3/34

CPC分类号： H05K3/3484 ,  B23K35/26 ,  B23K35/36 ,  C08K3/08 ,  H05K2201/0129 ,  H05K3/321

摘要： An improved solder/polymer fluxless composite paste interconnection material having a low reflow temperature to form electrical contacts having good bonding strength and low contact resistance. The present pastes comprise a major proportion of a meltable metal alloy powder filler, free of noble metals and preferably free of lead, a minor proportion of a solution of a temperature-stable thermoplastic polymer having a softening temperature above the melting temperature of the metal powder filler in a volatile solvent which evaporates during reflow, and a minor proportion of a fluxing agent having a boiling point lower than the reflow temperature of the composition and higher than the melting point of the eutectic alloy powder filler. An oxide-free, partially coalesced metal alloy connection is obtained, which is polymer strengthened and reworkable at a low reflow temperature, per se, or in the presence of polymer solvent.

摘要翻译： 具有低回流温度的改进的焊料/聚合物无焊剂复合糊剂互连材料，以形成具有良好的接合强度和低接触电阻的电触点。 本发明的糊料主要包括不含贵金属，优选不含铅的可熔融金属合金粉末填料的主要部分，较小比例的软化温度高于金属粉末的熔融温度的温度稳定的热塑性聚合物溶液 在回流时蒸发的挥发性溶剂中的填料，以及沸点低于组合物的回流温度并且高于共晶合金粉末填料的熔点的助熔剂的一小部分。 获得无氧化物，部分聚结的金属合金连接，其在低回流温度下或在聚合物溶剂的存在下聚合物增强并可再加工。

公开(公告)号：US20090316157A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-24

申请号：US12131647

申请日：2008-06-02

申请人： Ravi Saraf ,  Gaurav Singh

发明人： Ravi Saraf ,  Gaurav Singh

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  C25B9/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/45 ,  C25D21/12 ,  G01N21/21

摘要： The present invention directly measures localized electrochemical processes on a planar electrode using differential interferometry. The ionic charge accumulation at the electrode-electrolyte interface may be directly measured by using differential interferometry as a function of magnitude and frequency (for example, 2-50 kHz) of an external potential applied on an electrode. Methods in accordance with the present invention probe the ion dynamics confined to the electrical double layer. An electric field is applied using a pure AC potential and a superposition of AC and DC-ramp potential to measure ion concentration and detect redox processes.

摘要翻译： 本发明使用差分干涉法直接测量平面电极上的局部电化学过程。 可以通过使用差分干涉测量作为施加在电极上的外部电位的幅度和频率（例如2-50kHz）的函数来直接测量电极 - 电解质界面处的离子电荷累积。 根据本发明的方法探测限于电双层的离子动力学。 使用纯AC电位和AC和DC-ramp电位的叠加来施加电场以测量离子浓度并检测氧化还原过程。

公开(公告)号：US07585431B1

公开(公告)日：2009-09-08

申请号：US08118475

申请日：1993-09-07

申请人： Ali Afzali-Ardakani ,  Marie Angelopoulos ,  Vincent Albert Bourgault ,  Liam David Comerford ,  Michael Wayne Mirre ,  Steven Earle Molis ,  Ravi Saraf ,  Jane Margaret Shaw ,  Peter Joseph Spellane ,  Niranjan Mohanlal Patel

发明人： Ali Afzali-Ardakani ,  Marie Angelopoulos ,  Vincent Albert Bourgault ,  Liam David Comerford ,  Michael Wayne Mirre ,  Steven Earle Molis ,  Ravi Saraf ,  Jane Margaret Shaw ,  Peter Joseph Spellane ,  Niranjan Mohanlal Patel

IPC分类号： H01B1/24

CPC分类号： H01B1/128 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G61/123 ,  C08G75/0209 ,  C08G75/0295 ,  C08L53/02 ,  C08L65/00 ,  C08L69/00 ,  C08L79/02 ,  C08L79/04 ,  C08L81/02 ,  C08L81/04 ,  C08L101/12 ,  H01B1/00 ,  H01B1/124 ,  C08L2666/04 ,  C08L2666/02 ,  C08L2666/14

摘要： This invention is concerned with an electrically conductive polymer blend composition which is a liquid compatible blend, comprising a doped product formed form blending a first solution comprising a Lewis base electrically conductive polymer in undoped form in a first organic solvent with a second solution comprising a Lewis acid polymer dopant in a second organic solvent, wherein said Lewis acid polymer dopant dopes said Lewis base electrically conductive polymer in undoped form to obtain said electrically conductive polymer blend, the resulting doped conductive product being soluble in the combination of said first and said second organic solvents and mixable at the molecular level.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种导电聚合物共混组合物，其是液体相容的共混物，其包含形成的掺杂产物，其形成为在第一有机溶剂中将包含未掺杂形式的路易斯碱导电聚合物的第一溶液与包含路易斯 酸性聚合物掺杂剂，其中所述路易斯酸聚合物掺杂剂以未掺杂形式掺杂所述路易斯碱导电聚合物以获得所述导电聚合物共混物，所得掺杂导电产物可溶于所述第一和所述第二有机溶剂的组合 溶剂和分子水平混合。

公开(公告)号：US06552339B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-22

申请号：US09572209

申请日：2000-05-17

申请人： Arunava Gupta ,  Ravi Saraf

发明人： Arunava Gupta ,  Ravi Saraf

IPC分类号： G01N2300

CPC分类号： G01Q70/06 ,  G01B7/30 ,  G01Q20/04 ,  G11B9/14 ,  G11B9/1409 ,  G11B9/1418 ,  G11B2005/0002 ,  Y10S977/852 ,  Y10S977/872

摘要： A goniometer for performing scanning probe microscopy on a substrate surface is disclosed. The goniometer has a cantilever, having a cantilevered end and a supported end and a tip disposed at the cantilevered end of the cantilever. The goniometer also has a block disposed at the supported end of the cantilever. The block has at least one pair of piezoelectric layers, a pair of electrodes disposed about each individual piezoelectric layer such that varying a potential difference applied between the individual electrodes of a pair of electrodes causes the corresponding piezoelectric layer to deform, and a first insulating material disposed between the individual electrodes for insulating the individual electrodes from each other. The individual piezoelectric layers are deformed at different rates resulting in a deformity of the block and tilting of the cantilever and tip connected therewith. Also disclosed are methods of using the goniometer of the present invention to measure the interactive forces between two molecular structures using a scanning probe microscope equipped with a goniometer of the present invention.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在衬底表面上执行扫描探针显微镜的测角器。 测角器具有悬臂，具有悬臂端和支撑端，以及设置在悬臂悬臂端的尖端。 测角器还具有设置在悬臂的支撑端处的块。 该块具有至少一对压电层，围绕每个单独的压电层设置的一对电极，使得改变施加在一对电极的各个电极之间的电势差导致相应的压电层变形，并且第一绝缘材料 设置在各个电极之间，用于使各个电极彼此绝缘。 单个压电层以不同的速率变形，导致块的变形和与其连接的悬臂和尖端的倾斜。 还公开了使用本发明的测角器的方法，使用配备有本发明的测角器的扫描探针显微镜来测量两个分子结构之间的相互作用力。

公开(公告)号：US6100523A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-08

申请号：US960692

申请日：1997-10-29

申请人： Arunava Gupta ,  Ravi Saraf

发明人： Arunava Gupta ,  Ravi Saraf

IPC分类号： G01B7/30 ,  G01Q10/00 ,  G01Q20/04 ,  G01Q60/38 ,  G01Q80/00 ,  G01Q90/00 ,  G11B5/00 ,  G11B9/00 ,  G01N13/12

CPC分类号： G01Q70/06 ,  B82Y35/00 ,  G01B7/30 ,  G01Q20/04 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G11B2005/0002 ,  G11B9/14 ,  G11B9/1409 ,  G11B9/1418 ,  Y10S977/852 ,  Y10S977/872

摘要： A goniometer for performing scanning probe microscopy on a substrate surface is disclosed. The goniometer has a cantilever, having a cantilevered end and a supported end and a tip disposed at the cantilevered end of the cantilever. The goniometer also has a block disposed at the supported end of the cantilever. The block has at least one pair of piezoelectric layers, a pair of electrodes disposed about each individual piezoelectric layer such that varying a potential difference applied between the individual electrodes of a pair of electrodes causes the corresponding piezoelectric layer to deform, and a first insulating material disposed between the individual electrodes for insulating the individual electrodes from each other. The individual piezoelectric layers are deformed at different rates resulting in a deformity of the block and tilting of the cantilever and tip connected therewith. Also disclosed are methods of using the goniometer of the present invention to measure the interactive forces between two molecular structures using a scanning probe microscope equipped with a goniometer of the present invention.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在衬底表面上执行扫描探针显微镜的测角器。 测角器具有悬臂，具有悬臂端和支撑端，以及设置在悬臂悬臂端的尖端。 测角器还具有设置在悬臂的支撑端处的块。 该块具有至少一对压电层，围绕每个单独的压电层设置的一对电极，使得改变施加在一对电极的各个电极之间的电势差导致相应的压电层变形，并且第一绝缘材料 设置在各个电极之间，用于使各个电极彼此绝缘。 单个压电层以不同的速率变形，导致块的变形和与其连接的悬臂和尖端的倾斜。 还公开了使用本发明的测角器的方法，使用配备有本发明的测角器的扫描探针显微镜来测量两个分子结构之间的相互作用力。

公开(公告)号：US5314709A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-24

申请号：US672248

申请日：1991-03-20

申请人： Fuad E. Doany ,  Gary W. Grube ,  Ravi Saraf

发明人： Fuad E. Doany ,  Gary W. Grube ,  Ravi Saraf

IPC分类号： B41N1/24 ,  B41C1/055 ,  B41M1/12 ,  G03F1/00 ,  G03F7/12 ,  H01L21/308 ,  H01L21/48 ,  H01L23/12 ,  H05K1/09 ,  H05K3/00 ,  H05K3/02 ,  H05K3/12 ,  H01L21/00

CPC分类号： H05K3/1258 ,  G03F7/12 ,  G03F7/202 ,  H01L21/3086 ,  H01L21/4867 ,  H05K1/092 ,  H05K2203/0568 ,  H05K3/0032 ,  Y10S438/945

摘要： The present invention relates to a dry process for forming patterns on a substrate. More particularly, the process contemplates coating an unzippable polymer film with a small amount of desirable UV if required on a substrate; laser ablating said film into a desired pattern or mask; screening a conductive or resistive paste onto the substrate through the ablated features of said mask; heating said substrate and mask to the unzipping temperature of said mask; and, vaporizing said mask and UV absorbing dye if present leaving behind the solid of said conductive or resistive past adhered to the substrate in the desired pattern.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种在基板上形成图案的干法。 更具体地，该方法考虑如果需要在基材上涂覆少量所需UV的不可折叠聚合物膜; 将所述膜激光烧蚀成所需的图案或掩模; 通过所述掩模的烧蚀特征将导电或电阻浆料屏蔽到衬底上; 将所述衬底和掩模加热到所述掩模的解压温度; 并且如果存在的话，蒸发所述掩模和UV吸收染料，使所述导电或电阻性过滤体的固体留在所需图案中附着到基底上。

公开(公告)号：US5288842A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-22

申请号：US647957

申请日：1991-01-30

申请人： Claudius Feger ,  Rodney T. Hodgson ,  David A. Lewis ,  Ravi Saraf

发明人： Claudius Feger ,  Rodney T. Hodgson ,  David A. Lewis ,  Ravi Saraf

IPC分类号： C08G59/18 ,  B01D71/64 ,  B32B27/00 ,  C08G8/00 ,  C08G8/06 ,  C08G18/70 ,  C08G18/80 ,  C08G85/00 ,  C08J5/00 ,  C08J5/18 ,  C08L75/00 ,  C08L75/04 ,  C08L79/08 ,  C08L101/00 ,  D01F6/94 ,  C08G69/26

CPC分类号： C08G18/701 ,  C08G18/8074 ,  C08J5/00 ,  C08L101/00 ,  C08L79/08 ,  C08G2250/00 ,  Y10T428/31511 ,  Y10T428/31551 ,  Y10T428/31612 ,  Y10T428/31721 ,  Y10T428/31855

摘要： A method of producing a multiphase polymer is disclosed whereby the phases have the same chemical structure but have different morphological states and thus different properties. This is achieved by forming a mixture of precursors of the polymer, at least one of the precursors having a reaction rate higher than the other precursor or precursors in the mixture. The precursor having the highest reaction rate is then converted to obtain a composite of a polymer and the precursors that are not polymerized. This mixture might also be formed by mixing a soluble polymer with its precursor. The polymer/precursor composite is processed to obtain the structure having different morphological states by either choosing the reaction conditions to convert the unconverted different morphological states by either choosing the reaction conditions to convert the unconverted precursors such that the obtained polymer differs in it morphology/ properties from the first obtained polymer or by applying stress to the composite and then converting the still unreacted precursor or precursors in the composite such that different morphological states are obtained.

摘要翻译： 公开了制备多相聚合物的方法，其中相具有相同的化学结构，但具有不同的形态和因此具有不同的性质。 这通过形成聚合物的前体的混合物来实现，至少一种前体的反应速率高于混合物中的其它前体或前体。 然后将具有最高反应速率的前体转化成聚合物和未聚合的前体的复合物。 该混合物也可以通过将可溶性聚合物与其前体混合而形成。 通过选择反应条件以转化未转化的前体使得所得聚合物的形态/性质不同，通过选择反应条件以转化未转化的不同形态状态，处理聚合物/前体复合物以获得具有不同形态的结构 从第一获得的聚合物或通过对复合材料施加应力，然后转化复合材料中的未反应的前体或前体，使得获得不同的形态。

公开(公告)号：US06662430B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-16

申请号：US09883433

申请日：2001-06-18

申请人： Michael John Brady ,  Ravi Saraf ,  Judy Rubino

发明人： Michael John Brady ,  Ravi Saraf ,  Judy Rubino

IPC分类号： H01Q1300

CPC分类号： H01Q1/2225 ,  G06K19/07749 ,  H01L2924/01079 ,  H01Q1/22 ,  H01Q1/364 ,  H01Q1/38 ,  H01Q23/00 ,  Y10T29/49016 ,  Y10T29/49144 ,  Y10T29/49155

摘要： A method is disclosed for forming an antenna and a radio frequency transponder. The method comprises the steps of (1) forming a paste comprising metal powder, polymeric material, and solvent; and (2) screening the paste through a screen onto a substrate. Additional steps couple electrical components to the paste and dry the paste.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于形成天线和射频应答器的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：（1）形成包含金属粉末，聚合材料和溶剂的糊料; 和（2）通过筛网将糊状物过滤到基底上。 附加步骤将电气部件连接到糊料上并干燥浆料。

公开(公告)号：US06271793B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-07

申请号：US09435172

申请日：1999-11-05

申请人： Michael John Brady ,  Ravi Saraf ,  Judy Rubino

发明人： Michael John Brady ,  Ravi Saraf ,  Judy Rubino

IPC分类号： H01Q138

CPC分类号： H01Q1/2225 ,  G06K19/07749 ,  H01L2924/01079 ,  H01Q1/22 ,  H01Q1/364 ,  H01Q1/38 ,  H01Q23/00 ,  Y10T29/49016 ,  Y10T29/49144 ,  Y10T29/49155

摘要： An antenna composed of composite material which can be screen printed is proposed for RFID transponders and other RF communication systems.

摘要翻译： 针对RFID应答器和其他RF通信系统提出了一种由可复印材料构成的天线，可以进行丝网印刷。

公开(公告)号：US6149840A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-21

申请号：US838296

申请日：1997-09-29

申请人： Ali Afzali Ardakani ,  Marie Angelopoulos ,  Vincent Albert Bourgault ,  Liam David Comerford ,  Michael Wayne Mirre ,  Steven Earle Molis ,  Ravi Saraf ,  Jane Margaret Shaw ,  Peter Joseph Spellane ,  Niranjan Mohanlal Patel

发明人： Ali Afzali Ardakani ,  Marie Angelopoulos ,  Vincent Albert Bourgault ,  Liam David Comerford ,  Michael Wayne Mirre ,  Steven Earle Molis ,  Ravi Saraf ,  Jane Margaret Shaw ,  Peter Joseph Spellane ,  Niranjan Mohanlal Patel

IPC分类号： C08L33/00 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G61/12 ,  C08G75/02 ,  C08L33/04 ,  C08L53/02 ,  C08L65/00 ,  C08L69/00 ,  C08L79/00 ,  C08L79/02 ,  C08L79/04 ,  C08L81/02 ,  C08L81/04 ,  C08L101/00 ,  C08L101/12 ,  H01B1/00 ,  H01B1/12 ,  C08G73/06

CPC分类号： H01B1/128 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G61/123 ,  C08G75/0209 ,  C08G75/0295 ,  C08L101/12 ,  C08L65/00 ,  C08L69/00 ,  C08L79/02 ,  C08L79/04 ,  C08L81/02 ,  H01B1/00 ,  H01B1/124 ,  C08L53/02 ,  C08L81/04

摘要： A polymer blend composition, capable of being made electrically conductive by application of heat having an electrically conductive upon doping polymer in undoped form; the undoped polymer is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted polyparaphenylenevinylenes, polyanilines, polyazines, polythiophenes, poly-p-phenylene sulfides, polyfuranes, polyselenophenes, polyacetylenes filtered from soluble precursors and combinations and blends thereof, compounded and blended at a molecular scale with a dielectric polymer; wherein the dielectric polymer is selected from the group consisting of interpolymers of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, acetal acrylic liquid crystal polymers, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyester, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinychloride, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, fluoropolymers, nylon polyesters, and thermoplastic elastomers, and a thermally deblockable dopant selected from the group consisting of triflates, tosylates and borates, the electrically conductive upon doping polymer having enhanced solubility in undoped form with said dielectric polymer to form a compatible molecularly mixed blend in solution; doping of the polymer occurs only after exposure to heat.

摘要翻译： 一种聚合物共混组合物，其能够通过施加具有未掺杂形式的具有导电性的掺杂聚合物的热而导电; 未掺杂的聚合物选自取代和未取代的聚对亚苯基亚乙烯基，聚苯胺，聚嗪，聚噻吩，聚对苯硫醚，聚呋喃，聚硒吩，可溶性前体过滤的聚乙炔及其组合和共混物，以分子量配混和共混 与介电聚合物; 所述介电聚合物选自丙烯腈 - 丁二烯 - 苯乙烯，缩醛丙烯酸类液晶聚合物，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯，聚碳酸酯，聚酯，聚醚酰亚胺，聚醚砜，聚乙烯，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚苯醚，聚苯硫醚，聚丙烯，聚苯乙烯 聚氨酯，聚氯乙烯，苯乙烯 - 丙烯腈共聚物，含氟聚合物，尼龙聚酯和热塑性弹性体，以及选自三氟甲磺酸酯，甲苯磺酸酯和硼酸酯的热可去结合的掺杂剂，所述导电的一次性掺杂聚合物具有增强的未掺杂形式的溶解度， 电介质聚合物在溶液中形成相容的分子混合共混物; 聚合物的掺杂仅在暴露于热之后才发生。