摘要:
A system for estimating a traffic rate of calls in system environments providing wireless personal communication services on an open queuing network includes modules that have functions of making three sets of nodes, “log_off”, “log_on” and “active” according to the status of communication terminal equipment, observing the number of “log_on” and “active” terminals by minimum areas of each wireless personal communication service, and predicting traffic probability by minimum areas. More specifically, the present invention includes: a traffic parameter observation module for making a set of nodes and collecting observations measured in real time on the respective nodes; a regression analysis module for performing a regression analysis of the observations to assume a prediction model for traffic rates of calls and to estimate the traffic rates of internal-to-internal or external-to-internal calls; and a resource allocation control module for determining whether to allocate resources and how much of the resources to allocate according to the traffic rates of internal-to-internal or external-to-internal calls.
摘要:
Disclosed is an iterative decoding method using a soft decision output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) for block turbo codes using product codes wherein block codes are concatenated by greater than three dimensions, which comprises: (a) a transmitter configuring a product code of greater than three dimensions and transmitting it; (b) configuring the signal transmitted by the transmitter into frames for decoding, and initializing external reliability information respectively corresponding to an axis corresponding to the product code of greater than three dimensions; and (c) sequentially iterating the soft decision output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) decoding with respect to the respective axes.
摘要:
A lateral PNP transistor having either of the collector or the emitter diffusion layers layered with an n.sup.+ type diffusion layer, is shown. The added layer serves to increase the static electricity withstand stress along a transistor discharging path. A low withstand stress contributes to transistor damage at high breakdown voltages. When an n.sup.+ diffusion layer is formed within a diffusion layer in a lateral PNP transistor the transistor behaves as a combination of two transistors, PNP and NPN, selectively configured.
摘要:
A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, a circuit layer including an interlayer insulating layer on an upper surface of the substrate, and a conductive via penetrating through the interlayer insulating layer and the substrate, and electrically connected to the circuit layer. The device further includes an insulating layer surrounding the conductive via, and located between the conductive via and the substrate and between the conductive via and interlayer insulating layer, and a buffer layer located between the insulating layer and the conductive via, and overlapping at least a portion of the interlayer insulating layer in a depth direction of the conductive via.
摘要:
Provided herein are semiconductor devices with through electrodes and methods of fabricating the same. The methods may include providing a semiconductor substrate having top and bottom surfaces facing each other, forming on the top surface of the semiconductor substrate a main via having a hollow cylindrical structure and a metal line connected to the main via, forming an interlayered insulating layer on the top surface of the semiconductor substrate to cover the main via and the metal line, removing a portion of the semiconductor substrate to form a via hole exposing a portion of a bottom surface of the main via, and forming in the via hole a through electrode that is electrically connected to the main via. The bottom surface of the main via is overlapped by a circumference of the via hole, when viewed in a plan view.
摘要:
A microelectronic device includes a substrate having a trench extending therethrough between an active surface thereof and an inactive surface thereof opposite the active surface, a conductive via electrode extending through the substrate between sidewalls of the trench, and an insulating layer extending along the inactive surface of the substrate outside the trench and extending at least partially into the trench. The insulating layer defines a gap region in the trench that separates the substrate and the via electrode. Related devices and methods of fabrication are also discussed.
摘要:
A semiconductor device including a lower layer, an insulating layer on a first side of the lower layer, an interconnection structure in the insulating layer, a via structure in the lower layer. The via structure protrudes into the insulating layer and the interconnection structure.
摘要:
A semiconductor device may include a substrate and a through electrode. The substrate may have a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the substrate including circuit patterns formed on the first surface. The through electrode penetrates the substrate and may be electrically connected to the circuit pattern, the through electrode including a first plug that extends from the first surface in a thickness direction of the substrate and a second plug that extends from the second surface in the thickness direction of the substrate so as to be connected to the first plug.
摘要:
Provided are semiconductor devices and methods of manufacturing the same. the device may include a semiconductor substrate, a first conductive pattern provided in the semiconductor substrate to have a first width at a surface level of the semiconductor substrate, a barrier pattern covering the first conductive pattern and having a second width substantially greater than the first width, a second conductive pattern partially covering the barrier pattern and having a third width substantially smaller than the second width, and an insulating pattern disposed on a sidewall of the second conductive pattern. The second width may be substantially equal to or less than to a sum of the third width and a width of the insulating pattern.
摘要:
Provided are semiconductor devices and methods of manufacturing the same. the device may include a semiconductor substrate, a first conductive pattern provided in the semiconductor substrate to have a first width at a surface level of the semiconductor substrate, a barrier pattern covering the first conductive pattern and having a second width substantially greater than the first width, a second conductive pattern partially covering the barrier pattern and having a third width substantially smaller than the second width, and an insulating pattern disposed on a sidewall of the second conductive pattern. The second width may be substantially equal to or less than to a sum of the third width and a width of the insulating pattern.