Abstract:
Substrate for electrical devices and methods of manufacturing such substrate are disclosed. An embodiment for the substrate comprised of an insulator and a plurality of conductive elements, wherein the conductive elements embedded in the insulator, and two surfaces of the conductive element exposed to two surfaces of the insulator for electrical connection respectively, meanwhile a portion of conductive element may protrude the insulator, in this manner, solder balls are not needed, moreover the conductive element of substrate may further include either an extending portion or a protruding portion, and the present invention may be capable of affording a thinner electrical device thickness, enhanced reliability, and a decreased cost in production.
Abstract:
A receiver comprising an in-phase channel circuit, a quadrature channel circuit, and a gain imbalance calibration circuit comprising a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit provides testing signals to the in-phase channel circuit and the quadrature channel circuit. Test resultant signals output from the in-phase channel circuit and the quadrature channel circuit are input to the second circuit. The second circuit calibrates the gain of baseband amplifiers of the in-phase channel and the quadrature channel circuit according to the offset between the test resultant signals, thereby enabling the test resultant signal of the in-phase channel circuit to be substantially equal to the test resultant signal of the quadrature channel circuit.
Abstract:
A urinary catheter conveying device includes a sleeve member, a conveying assembly and a controller. The sleeve member is for sleeving onto a glans of a penis and has a guiding hole to be registered with an external urethral orifice of the glans. The conveying assembly includes a casing removably mounted to the sleeve member, and a conveying mechanism for advancing the urinary catheter to the guiding hole such that the urinary catheter is inserted into the external urethral orifice. The controller controls the conveying mechanism to advance the urinary catheter to the guiding hole. A urinary catheterization system and a method of using the urinary catheterization system are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A method for pre-treating a wafer surface before applying a material thereon. The method includes positioning the wafer on a rotating apparatus. The wafer is rotated at a first rotational speed between about 50 revolutions per minute (rpm) and about 300 rpm and for a period of about 1 second to about 10 seconds while dispensing a cleaning solvent on the wafer surface. The wafer is rotated at a second rotational speed between about 500 rpm and about 1,500 rpm for a period of about 1 second to about 10 seconds. The wafer is then rotated at a third rotational speed between about 50 rpm and about 300 rpm for a period of about 1 second to about 5 seconds. With the wafer rotating at the third rotational speed, a solvent-containing material is thereafter deposited on the surface of the wafer.
Abstract:
Substrate for electrical devices and methods of manufacturing such substrate are disclosed. An embodiment for the substrate comprised of an insulator and a plurality of conductive elements, wherein the conductive elements embedded in the insulator, and two surfaces of the conductive element exposed to two surfaces of the insulator for electrical connection respectively, meanwhile a portion of conductive element may protrude the insulator, in this manner, solder balls are not needed, moreover the conductive element of substrate may further include either an extending portion or a protruding portion, and the present invention may be capable of affording a thinner electrical device thickness, enhanced reliability, and a decreased cost in production.
Abstract:
A PLL is provided, comprising a first divider, a PFD, a loop filter, a VCO, a second divider and a controller. The first divider receives a reference signal and divides the reference signal by R to obtain a divided signal. The PFD compares the divided signal and a feedback signal to generate a compared The VCO selects one of a plurality of operating curves for oscillation based on a selection signal, and generates an oscillation signal based on an operating voltage generated by signal the loop filter. The second divider divides the oscillation signal by N to obtain the feedback signal. The controller operates in an initial mode to recursively determine the selection signal by calculating differences of the feedback signal and the divided signal. When the selection signal converges to stable, the PLL switches to a normal mode to operate on the corresponding operating curve.
Abstract:
A submember for electrical device is disclosed. Said submember is mounted on a chip of electrical device. An embodiment for the submember comprised of an insulator and a plurality of conductive elements, wherein the conductive elements embedded in the insulator and a portion of conductive element exposed to the insulator for electrical connection, then (i). the reliability of submember is enhanced; (ii).the material of insulator enables to be saved; and (iii).the thickness of submember is thinner and the heat dissipation of chip enhanced; moreover, a portion of the conductive element may be protruding the insulator for avoiding a short-circuited problem of conductive wire, moreover, the conductive element may be staircase-shaped, then, not only the reliability of submember is enhanced, but the short circuit problem of conductive wire is also avoided; the conductive element may further include an extending portion, furthermore, the conductive element may be placed in a cavity as required.
Abstract:
A PLL includes a loop filter for accumulating charge to generate a loop-filter voltage and a VCO having a plurality of frequency ranges. The VCO receives the loop-filter voltage and generates an output signal having a frequency according to the loop-filter voltage and a currently selected VCO frequency range. During PLL calibration, the loop-filter is connected to a constant voltage source; the PLL feedback signal is synchronized with the reference signal; a linear search, a binary search, or a memory lookup is used to find a first and a second VCO frequency range; first and second time durations are measured for the time durations between the second rising edges of the reference signal and the PLL feedback signal for the two VCO frequency ranges, and the optimal VCO frequency range is determined by setting the VCO frequency range to be the VCO frequency range having the shortest measured time duration.
Abstract:
Substrate for electrical devices and methods of manufacturing such substrate are disclosed. An embodiment for the substrate comprised of an insulator and a plurality of conductive elements, wherein the insulator having a recess. The conductive elements embedded in the insulator. The conductive elements extend from the insulator surface to the recess. There are two portions of the conductive elements for electrical connection respectively, wherein a portion of conductive element may protrude the insulator surface for electrical connection. In this manner, solder balls are not needed. Moreover, the substrate of the present invention may also comprise an adhesive mean, which is between the conductive elements and the insulator. In addition, the substrate may further comprise a submember such as a chip, heat spreader etc., and the present invention may be capable of affording a thinner electrical device thickness, enhanced reliability, and a decreased cost in production.
Abstract:
Substrate for electrical devices is disclosed. An embodiment for the substrate comprised of an insulator, a conductive element(s) and a conductive material(s), wherein the conductive element embedded in the insulator, and two surfaces of the conductive element exposed to two surfaces of the insulator for electrical connection respectively, wherein the upper surface of conductive element is below the upper surface of insulator and is plated by the conductive material, meanwhile the conductive element include a protruding portion which is protruded the insulator, in this manner, solder balls are not needed, moreover the conductive element can further include an extending portion; the present invention may be capable of affording a thinner electrical device thickness and enhanced reliability.