Abstract:
An electrochemical anode is formed using friction stir welded (FSW) joints. A FSW joint may be formed between the bus bar and anode sheet or the lead encapsulation and anode sheet. The FSW joints may also comprise fillet and butt joints. FSW joints may also be utilized to seal the ends of the electrochemical anodes to prevent corrosion.
Abstract:
Electronic packages with uninsulated portions of copper circuits protected with coating layers having thicknesses that are suitable for soldering without fluxing and are sufficiently frangible when being joined to another metal surface to obtain metal-to-metal contact between the surfaces.
Abstract:
Methods for protecting the surface of an uninsulated portion of a copper circuit from environmental contamination detrimental to joining the surface to another metal surface, said method comprising the step of coating the surface with a layer of a ceramic material having a thickness that is suitable for soldering without fluxing and that is sufficiently frangible when the surfaces are being joined to obtain metal-to-metal contact between the surfaces. Coated electronic packages including semiconductor wafers are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Materials in battery and electrochemical cells are separated in a form suitable for recycling by employing froth flotation techniques. Bulk materials, such as casings, are removed from converted battery scrap and the resultant pulp is subjected to froth flotation. Froth flotation agents, including frothers, collectors and/or depressants, are used to manipulate the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the materials in the scrap. Hydrophobic materials are entrained in the air bubbles of the froth and float out of the froth flotation vessel while those that are hydrophilic remain in the vessel, thereby separating battery grid materials without resort to pyrometallurgical, energy intensive or other environmentally undesirable processes.
Abstract:
Methods of protecting from atmospheric contaminants, or removing atmospheric contaminants from, the bonding surfaces of copper semiconductor bond pads by coating a bond pad with a layer of a ceramic material having a thickness that is suitable for soldering without fluxing and that is sufficiently frangible during ball or wedge wire bonding to obtain metal-to-metal contact between the bonding surfaces and the wires bonded thereto. Coated semiconductor wafers are also disclosed.
Abstract:
An emissions reduction stack comprises a conditioning section, collector section utilizing a Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP), and output section. A chemically active aqueous stream is introduced into an incoming process stream in order to saturate the stream and produce a fog stream wherein water is condensed on the surface of particulates. The process of condensation increases the efficiency of the particulate filtration process conducted by the WESP.
Abstract:
An electrode is formed using a sanding mechanism to condition the surface of the electrode for electrochemical purposes. Hazardous particles emitted during sanding are captured using jetted liquid, and may be recycled for later use. The sanded surface provides increased electrode lifespan and lead oxide adherence.
Abstract:
A method of making hydrogen storage powder resistant to fracture in service involves forming a melt having the appropriate composition for the hydrogen storage material, such, for example, LaNi.sub.5 and other AB.sub.5 type materials and AB.sub.5+x materials, where x is from about -2.5 to about +2.5, including x=0, and the melt is gas atomized under conditions of melt temperature and atomizing gas pressure to form generally spherical powder particles. The hydrogen storage powder exhibits improved chemcial homogeneity as a result of rapid solidfication from the melt and small particle size that is more resistant to microcracking during hydrogen absorption/desorption cycling. A hydrogen storage component, such as an electrode for a battery or electrochemical fuel cell, made from the gas atomized hydrogen storage material is resistant to hydrogen degradation upon hydrogen absorption/desorption that occurs for example, during charging/discharging of a battery. Such hydrogen storage components can be made by consolidating and optionally sintering the gas atomized hydrogen storage powder or alternately by shaping the gas atomized powder and a suitable binder to a desired configuration in a mold or die.
Abstract:
A method of making quasicrystalline alloy particulates wherein an alloy is superheated and the melt is atomized to form generally spherical alloy particulates free of mechanical fracture and exhibiting a predominantly quasicrystalline in the atomized condition structure. The particulates can be plasma sprayed to form a coating or consolidated to form an article of manufacture.
Abstract:
A metallic melt is atomized using a high pressure atomizing gas wherein the temperature of the melt and the composition of the atomizing gas are selected such that the gas and melt react in the atomization spray zone to form a refractory or intermetallic compound in the as-atomized powder particles.A metallic melt is also atomized using a high pressure atomizing gas mixture gas wherein the temperature of the melt and the ratio of a reactive gas to a carrier gas are selected to form powder particles comprising a supersaturated solid solution of the atomic species of the reactive gas in the particles. The powder particles are then heat treated to precipitate dispersoids in-situ therein to form a dispersion strengthened material.