Abstract:
A semiconductor apparatus having a through electrode, a semiconductor package, and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor package are provided. The method of includes preparing a substrate including a buried via, the buried via having a first surface at a first end, and the buried via extending from a first substrate surface of the substrate into the substrate; planarizing a second substrate surface of the substrate opposite the first substrate surface to form a through via by exposing a second via surface at a second end of the buried via opposite the first end; forming a conductive capping layer on the exposed second via surface of the through via; and recessing the second substrate surface so that at least a first portion of the through via extends beyond the second substrate surface.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for phase recovery in a wireless communication system employs independently decodable component codes. The apparatus includes a decoding unit for decoding the input signal to thereby output the decoding value; an estimation unit for estimating phase errors of the received signal by estimating phase errors of the each component codeword in the received signal to thereby generate phase error estimation values; and a correction unit for correcting the phase of received signal using the phase error estimation values to thereby generate the phase corrected signal in an effective manner.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate and a via electrode. The via electrode has a first portion on the substrate and extends towards the substrate and has a plurality of spikes that extends from the first portion into the substrate, each of the spikes being spaced apart form one another.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for phase recovery in a wireless communication system employs independently decodable component codes. The apparatus includes a decoding unit for decoding the input signal to thereby output the decoding value; an estimation unit for estimating phase errors of the received signal by estimating phase errors of the each component codeword in the received signal to thereby generate phase error estimation values; and a correction unit for correcting the phase of received signal using the phase error estimation values to thereby generate the phase corrected signal in an effective manner.
Abstract:
Provided are a motion estimation apparatus and method and an image encoding apparatus and method employing the same. The motion estimation apparatus includes an optimal motion estimation unit performing motion estimation in an initial block mode while skipping remaining block modes excluding the initial block mode from a plurality of block modes of the current block, or performing motion estimation in candidate block modes determined from the plurality of block modes.
Abstract:
Methods of forming an integrated circuit device include forming an interlayer dielectric layer on a first surface of a semiconductor substrate and then forming an interconnect hole that extends through the interlayer dielectric layer and into the semiconductor substrate. A first sidewall spacer layer is formed on a sidewall of the interconnect hole. The semiconductor substrate at a bottom of the interconnect hole is isotropically etched to define an undercut recess in the semiconductor substrate. This etching step is performed using the first sidewall spacer layer as an etching mask. The interconnect hole and the uncut recess are then filled with a through-via electrode. A second surface of the semiconductor substrate is removed for a sufficient duration to expose the uncut recess containing the through-via electrode.
Abstract:
Provided are a motion estimation apparatus and method and an image encoding apparatus and method employing the same. The motion estimation apparatus includes an optimal motion estimation unit performing motion estimation in an initial block mode while skipping remaining block modes excluding the initial block mode from a plurality of block modes of the current block, or performing motion estimation in candidate block modes determined from the plurality of block modes.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device and a method of fabricating a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes an interlayer insulation layer pattern, a metal wire pattern exposed by a passage formed by a via hole formed in the interlayer insulation layer pattern to input and output an electrical signal, and a plated layer pattern directly contacting the metal wire pattern and filling the via hole. The method includes forming an interlayer insulation layer having a metal wire pattern to input and output an electrical signal formed therein, forming a via hole to define a passage that extends through the interlayer insulation layer until at least a part of the metal wire pattern is exposed, and forming a plated layer pattern to fill the via hole and to directly contact the metal wire pattern by using the metal wire pattern exposed through the via hole as a seed metal layer.
Abstract:
Provided is a satellite network communication system based on Second Generation Digital Video Broad-casting via Satellite (DVB-S2). A method for encapsulating transmission data in a digital satellite communication system includes: determining whether a time at which a reference time information packet has to be inserted into a packet data unit is arrived, in the digital satellite communication system; and if the time at which the reference time information packet has to be inserted into the packet data unit is arrived, transforming the packet data unit in the form of a baseband data packet including the reference time information packet. Therefore, by allowing transmission of Network Clock Reference (NCR) information in a satellite communication environment based on Generic Steam Encapsulation (GSE), bidirectional satellite communications are possible.
Abstract:
A method of reconstructing reference time information of a transmission frame in a digital satellite communication system is provided, including: receiving the transmission frame including reference time information; recording receiving time of start of frames of the plurality of physical layer frames included in the transmission frame; determining receiving time of a start of frame corresponding to the physical layer frames including the reference time information based on the recorded information when the physical layer frame including the reference time information is received; and reconstructing the reference time information based on the determined receiving time information of the start of frame. Network synchronization is stably acquired and maintained during two-way communication even in the satellite communication network environment.