Abstract:
An additive to a fuel oil for a Diesel engine having a Diesel particulate filter (DPF), which comprises a molybdenum compound and having the function of improving the combustion property of a particulate matter (PM) trapped with DPF; a fuel oil comprising the additive; a lubricating oil composition for a Diesel engine having DPF, which has a sulfated ash content of 1.0% by weight or smaller, a sulfur content of 0.3% by weight or smaller and a molybdenum content of 100 ppm or greater; and DPF for removing PM in combustion gas discharged from a Diesel engine vehicle by trapping and burning PM, DPF comprising a filter supporting a molybdenum compound. The combustion property of PM trapped with the filter of DPF is improved, PM is burned at a low temperature with stability, the efficiency of removal of PM is improved and the life of DPF is increased.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for dosing a fuel with a fuel additive comprising (i) passing the fuel from a fuel container through a dosing apparatus (ii) dosing the fuel with additive in an amount based on the fuel passing through the dosing apparatus and independently of the concentration of the additive in the fuel (iii) returning a portion of the fuel to the container.
Abstract:
A method for imparting anti-static characteristics to fuel is provided, the method comprising supplying a hydrocarbon fuel and mixing the fuel with an ion, contained in an inorganic compound, to reduce the electrical resistance of the fuel.
Abstract:
A method for reducing the formation of combustion chamber deposits in an engine using a friction modifier for combustible fuels is provided. The friction modifier is prepared by combining a saturated carboxylic acid and an alkylated or alkoxylated amine. The particular selection of friction modifier enables a stable additive concentrate to be formulated providing a significant decrease in CCD without increasing the incidence of IVD deposits in combustion engines running on a fuel modified with the additive concentrate.
Abstract:
A method for marking a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon. The method comprises adding to the liquid petroleum hydrocarbon a pyrazinoporphyrazine dye having an absorption maximum from 700 nm to 900 nm.
Abstract:
A method improves the operation of a diesel engine through the use of a fuel additive, a diesel particulate trap and a NO.sub.x -reducing catalyst. The operation of the NO.sub.x -reducing catalyst is enhanced by the introduction of urea or like compound upstream of the catalyst at temperatures effective for non-catalytic NO.sub.x reduction and the generation of ammonia. The additive comprises fuel-soluble compositions of platinum group metal in effective amounts to lower the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide from the trap. The catalytic activity provided to the exhaust system by the fuel additive is selective and preferably reduces the oxidation of SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3. The platinum group metal compositions are preferably added in amounts effective to provide concentrations of the metal in the fuel of less than 1 part per million (ppm). Lithium and/or sodium compositions can be used in amounts effective to reduce the trap regeneration temperature, e.g. concentrations to provide about 1 to 100 ppm lithium metal, and/or 1 to 30 ppm sodium metal.
Abstract:
Poisoning-preventive and poisoning-resistant materials are described, including: a poisoning-preventive layer-possessing support including a support and, formed thereon, a poisoning-preventive layer having a compound containing at least one element selected from the Group IIa element of the periodic table.
Abstract:
A Koch functionalized product which is the reaction product of at least one polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 500 and at least ethylenic double bond per polymer chain, with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent. The invention includes functionalized polymer, derivatives thereof and methods of making the same.
Abstract:
The invention relates to novel compositions comprising ene and free radical adducts of unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, and acyclic and cyclic vicinal polycarbonyl compounds such as diethyl ketomalonate and indantrione. The adducts are reacted with nucleophiles such as amines, electrophiles such as anhydrides and esters, and metal ions. Post-products are obtained via reaction of said products with capping reagents such as boric acid. Compositions containing said adducts, products and post-products include oleaginous substances such as fuels and lube oils.
IN WHICH R1 and R2 signify alkyl groups with one to four carbonatoms, R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups with one to four C-atoms and wherein R3 and R4 may also together form a carbocyclic ring preferably with five or six C-atoms and n is zero, 1 or 2 produced by condensing diols of the formula
WITH CYANALDEHYDES OF THE FORMULA WHEREIN R1, R2, R3, R4 and n have the same meanings as set forth above, in the presence of strong acid catalysts where the diols may be in the thickly liquid, impure form. These ketonitriles are useful as herbicides.