Abstract:
The present disclosure relates generally to welding and, more specifically, to electrodes for arc welding, such as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW). A welding consumable includes a metallic sheath surrounding a granular core. The welding consumable includes: approximately 0.35 wt% or less manganese, between approximately 0.1 wt% and approximately 3 wt% nickel, between approximately 2.5 wt% and approximately 10 wt% calcined rutile; and between approximately 0.1 wt% and approximately 2 wt% spodumene, all based on the weight of the welding consumable.
Abstract:
The exposed metal tip (19) of the strike end (18) of an SMAW welding electrode (10) is covered with a protective coating (22) formed from a binder and metal particles. Because metal particles rather than graphite particles are used to provide electrical conductivity to this protective coating, flare-up of the arc when initially struck is eliminated substantially completely. In addition, the potential for weld porosity problems is also eliminated, because the metal particles of the inventive electrode do not produce C02as a reaction by-product which can ultimately lead to improper welding technique.
Abstract:
In some embodiments, to increase the height-to-pitch ratio of a solder connection that connects different structures with one or more solder balls, only a portion (510) of a solder ball's (140) surface is melted when the connection is formed on one structure (110) and/or when the connection is being attached to another structure (HOB). The structure (110) may be an integrated circuit, an interposer, a rigid or flexible wiring substrate, a printed circuit board, some other packaging substrate, or an integrated circuit package. In some embodiments, solder balls (140.1, 140.2) are joined by an intermediate solder ball (140i), upon melting of the latter only. Any of the solder balls (140, 140i) may have a non-solder central core (140C) coated by solder shell (140S). Some of the molten or softened solder may be squeezed out, to form a "squeeze-out" region (520, 520A, 520B, 520.1, 520.2). In some embodiments, a solder connection (210) such as discussed above, on a structure (110A), may be surrounded by a dielectric layer (1210), and may be recessed in a hole (1230) in that layer (1210), to help in aligning a post (1240) of a structure (HOB) with the connection (210) during attachment of the structures (110A, HOB). The dielectric layer (1210) may be formed by moulding. The dielectric layer may comprise a number of layers (1210.1, 1210.2), "shaved" (partially removed) to expose the solder connection (210). Alternatively, the recessed solder connections (210) may be formed using a sublimating or vapourisable material (1250), placed on top of the solder (210) before formation of the dielectric layer (1210) or coating solder balls (140); in the latter case, the solder (140C) sinks within the dielectric material (1210) upon removal of the material (1250) and subsequent reflow. In some embodiments, the solder connections (210) may also be formed in openings (2220) in a dielectric layer (2210) (photoimageable polymer or inorganic) by solder paste printing and/or solder ball jet placement followed by reflow to let the solder sink to the bottom of the openings (2220), with possible repetition of the process and possible use of different solders in the different steps. The solder connections (210, 210.1, 210.2) may be used for bonding one or more structures (HOB, HOC) (e.g. an integrated circuit die or wafer, a packaging substrate or a package) to a structure (110A) (a wiring substrate) on which a die (HOB) is flip-chip connected. The solder connections (210, 210.1, 210.2) may differ from each other, in particular in height, which can be used for attaching a structure (HOB) with posts (1240) of different heights or for attaching two structures (HOB, HOC) in the case of a stepped form of the dielectric layer, one of the structures (HOC) being possibly placed higher than the other structure (HOB). In some embodiments, the structure (HOA) may be removed after bonding to the structures (HOB, HOC) and a redistribution layer (3210) may be formed to provide connecting lines (3220) connecting the solder connections (210) to contact pads (120R) and possibly interconnecting between the solder connections (210) and/or between the contact pads (120R).
Abstract:
Structure, composition, and process of manufacturing copper coated steel wires for the marine environment, where the structure and composition can include a core material metallurgical bonded, by a bonding layer, to a surface layer which carries the single continuous surface; the core material comprising about 50 wt.% to about 90 wt.% iron and about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% chromium, wherein the core material is substantially free of copper; the surface layer comprising about 60 wt.% to about 95 wt.% copper, about 5 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of a first element selected from the group consisting of nickel, zinc, tin, aluminum and a mixture thereof, and 0 wt.% to about 10 wt.% of a second element selected from the group consisting of iron, molybdenum, manganese, and a mixture thereof; the bonding layer comprising the first element in a concentration greater than in the surface layer.
Abstract:
The invention relates generally to welding and, more specifically, to welding wires for arc welding, such as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW). A disclosed tubular welding wire has a sheath and a core, and the tubular welding wire includes an organic stabilizer component, a rare earth component, and a corrosion resistant component comprising one or more of: nickel, chromium, and copper.
Abstract:
A filler wire (consumable) (140, 140A, 140C, 240) for depositing wear-resistant materials (142) in a system (100, 1400) for any of brazing, cladding, building up, filling, hard-facing overlaying, welding, and joining applications is provided. The consumable (140, 140A, 140C, 240) is composed of base filler materials (141) consistent with commonly known compositions. For example, the base filler material (141) can comprise standard materials used in many standard mild steel wires. In addition to the base filler materials, the consumable includes wear-resistant materials (142). The wear-resistant materials (142) include at least one of amorphous metallic powder, diamond crystals (142), diamond powder (143), tungsten carbide, and alu- minides.
Abstract:
A metal cladding process utilizing a feed material (66) formed as a hollow sheath (68) containing a powdered core (70) including powdered metal and powdered flux material. The powdered metal and flux may have overlapping mesh size ranges. The sheath may be an extrudable subset of elements of a desired superalloy cladding material, with the powdered metal and powdered flux materials complementing the sheath to form the desired superalloy material when melted. The powdered metal may include an excess of titanium to compensate for a reaction of titanium with oxygen or carbon dioxide in a shielding gas. Heat for melting may be provided by an energy beam (64) or by utilizing the feed material as an electrode in a cold metal arc welding torch (54).