摘要:
A powder metal mixture comprises a lubricant powder conventionally used to produce powder metal parts in combination with a modified lubricant. A lubricant conventionally used to compact and sinter a chosen powder metal mixture is modified by adding to it starch particles smaller than the average metal particle, and optionally, micronized cellulose fibers in so small an amount that the modified lubricant is present in an amount less than 2% by weight of the mixture. The Hall apparent density and the Hall flow rate of a powder metal mixture made with the modified lubricant of starch or (starchnullfibers) remains within the ranges deemed desirable for production of compacted powder metal parts. Using the modified lubricant in lieu of the conventional lubricant increases green strength of a part made by compacting the mixture and improves dimensional conformance.
摘要:
Hydraulically settable mixtures and methods for extruding such mixtures into a variety of objects which are form-stable in the green state. High green strength is achieved by increasing the yield stress of the mixture while maintaining adequate extrudability. Optimizing the particle packing density while including a deficiency of water yields a hydraulically settable mixture which will flow under pressures typically associated with the extrusion of clay or plastic. In addition, a rheology-modifying agent can be added to increase the yield stress of the mixture while not significantly increasing the viscosity. The desired strength properties and other performance criteria of the final hardened extruded product are controlled by adding aggregates, fibers, a hydraulically settable binder, water, and other admixtures.
摘要:
A water-soluble film comprises a polyvinyl alcohol resin (A), wherein a difference (ΔR) between a phase retardation (Rα) of one of opposite surfaces (α surface) of the water-soluble film and a phase retardation (Rβ) of the other surface (β surface) of the water-soluble film is not greater than 8 nm as measured on a middle portion of the water-soluble film with respect to a transverse direction (TD) of the water-soluble film. Therefore, the water-soluble film has a reduced difference in crystallinity between the front and back surfaces thereof and, hence, is less liable to be curled to thereby ensure a higher productivity.
摘要:
A powder metal mixture comprises a lubricant powder conventionally used to produce powder metal parts in combination with a modified lubricant. A lubricant conventionally used to compact and sinter a chosen powder metal mixture is modified by adding to it starch particles smaller than the average metal particle, and optionally, micronized cellulose fibers in so small an amount that the modified lubricant is present in an amount less than 2% by weight of the mixture. The Hall apparent density and the Hall flow rate of a powder metal mixture made with the modified lubricant of starch or (starch+fibers) remains within the ranges deemed desirable for production of compacted powder metal parts. Using the modified lubricant in lieu of the conventional lubricant increases green strength of a part made by compacting the mixture and improves dimensional conformance.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus for continuously extruding a hydraulically settable mixture and simultaneously placing continuous filaments within the extruding mixture to yield articles having a filament-reinforced, hydraulically settable matrix. The filaments can be placed within the mixtures in a parallel configuration, a helical configuration, or combinations thereof, in order to yield an article having the desired properties of, e.g., tensile strength, flexural strength, hoop strength, burst strength, toughness, and elongation ability. The desired properties of the hydraulically settable mixture, as well as of the cured hydraulically settable matrix of the hardened article, may also be adjusted by including varying amounts and types of aggregates, discontinuous fibers, binders, rheology-modifying agents, dispersants, or other admixtures within the hydraulically settable mixture. Optimizing the particle packing density while including a deficiency of water yields a hydraulically settable mixture which will flow when an extrusion pressure is applied but be form stable upon being extruded.
摘要:
Compositions and methods for manufacturing sheets having a hydraulically settable matrix are disclosed. Suitable compositions are prepared by mixing together a hydraulic binder, water, and appropriate additives (such as aggregates, fibers, and rheology-modifying agents) which impart predetermined properties so that a sheet formed therefrom has the desired performance criteria. The compositions are formed into sheets by first extruding them into a sheet and then calendering the sheet using a set of rollers. The calendered sheets are dried in an accelerated manner to form a substantially hardened sheet. The drying is performed by heated rollers and/or a drying chamber. The hydraulically settable sheets so formed may have properties substantially similar to sheets made from presently used materials like paper, cardboard, polystyrene, or plastic. Such sheets can be rolled, pressed, scored, perforated, folded, and glued. They have especial utility in the mass production of containers, particularly food and beverage containers.
摘要:
The present invention relates to thermoplastic compositions which are degradable and/or compostable, the method of preparation of the degradable and/or compostable compositions and use of the degradable and/or compostable compositions in a monofilament, shaped article or film, or may be used as a coating, e.g., of paper, to achieve a stronger article. These compositions have the advantage over existing biodegradable and compostable compositions by exhibiting a higher dimensional stability and comparatively low cost.
摘要:
Methods and systems for readily and economically manufacturing hydraulically settable articles, particularly containers, from microstructurally engineered hydraulically settable mixtures. The mixture is pressed between a male die of a desired shape and a female die having a substantially complimentary configuration of the male die shape to immediately fashion a portion of the mixture into a form stable shape for the desired article. To assist in imparting form stability, the dies can be heated or cooled. Once the article has obtained form stability, the article is removed from the dies and dried under heated air to gain strength. The article can then receive printing or a coating, if desired, prior to packaging, shipping, and use.
摘要:
Methods and systems for readily and economically manufacturing hydraulically settable articles, particularly containers, from microstructurally engineered hydraulically settable mixtures. The mixture is pressed between a male die of a desired shape and a female die having a substantially complimentary configuration of the male die shape to immediately fashion a portion of the mixture into a form stable shape for the desired article. To assist in imparting form stability, the dies can be heated or cooled. Once the article has obtained form stability, the article is removed from the dies and dried under heated air to gain strength. The article can then receive printing or a coating, if desired, prior to packaging, shipping, and use.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus for continuously extruding a hydraulically settable mixture and simultaneously placing continuous filaments within the extruding mixture to yield articles having a filament-reinforced, hydraulically settable matrix. The filaments can be placed within the mixtures in a parallel configuration, a helical configuration, or combinations thereof, in order to yield an article having the desired properties of, e.g., tensile strength, flexural strength, hoop strength, burst strength, toughness, and elongation ability. The desired properties of the hydraulically settable mixture, as well as of the cured hydraulically settable matrix of the hardened article, may also be adjusted by including varying amounts and types of aggregates, discontinuous fibers, binders, rheology-modifying agents, dispersants, or other admixtures within the hydraulically settable mixture. Optimizing the particle packing density while including a deficiency of water yields a hydraulically settable mixture which will flow when an extrusion pressure is applied but be form stable upon being extruded.