Abstract:
Method and apparatus are disclosed for flow control over Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) data links. A method of negotiating such flow control between two PPP peers is disclosed, along with methods for operating flow control across a PPP link. In one embodiment, flow control frames carry an IEEE802.3x MAC control frame payload—the PPP implementation repackages such frames as MAC control frames and passes them to a MAC, which performs flow control. In another embodiment, flow control frames allow flow control commands to be applied differently to different service classes such that PPP flow can be controlled on a per-class basis.
Abstract:
A layout configuration of a differential pair for a printed circuit board (PCB) having a signal plane is provided. In a preferred embodiment, the layout configuration comprises: a differential pair on the signal plane; a pair of vias abutting the differential pair, and the pair of vias being mutually dissymmetrical about the differential pair; and a distance between the pair of vias along the differential pair being equal to ½ TV, wherein T is a signal rise time, V is a speed of the signal. Therefore, the layout configuration can meet with the requirements of impedance matching, reduce reflection, and improve signal integrity.
Abstract:
An electronic circuit in which a return current path can be acquired effectively, in order to realize high speed signal transmission. The electronic circuit has a first signal layer and a second signal layer, connected with a first via, and at least first and second power supply layers and a grounding layer. A second via, which is electrically connected with only one of the power supply layers or the grounding layer, is located adjacent the first via.
Abstract:
A high-speed, high-power modular router is disclosed. As opposed to conventional designs using optical backplane signaling and/or bus bars for power distribution, the disclosed embodiments combine high-power, low-noise power distribution with high-speed signal routing in a common backplane. Disclosed backplane features allow backplane signaling at 2.5 Gbps or greater on electrical differential pairs distributed on multiple high-speed signaling layers. Relatively thick power distribution layers are embedded within the backplane, shielded from the high-speed signaling layers by digital ground layers and other shielding features. A router using such a backplane provides a level of performance and economy that is believed to be unattainable by the prior art.
Abstract:
In holes formed in a multi-layer wiring board for transmitting differential signals, a first hole is formed, an insulating portion is formed by filling the first hole with an insulating resin, a pair of second holes is formed for transmitting the differential signals to the formed insulating portion, and the pair of second holes is arranged symmetrically each other with respect to a center axis of the first hole for forming a coaxial structure.
Abstract:
The electrical connecting element includes an essentially stiff core, essentially mechanically stiff and printed circuit boards and/or high density interconnects with conductor paths serving as interconnects. The core includes two parts (1, 3) that can be fixed to each other. Between the two parts, a cavity (101) can be formed. Components (103) producing a lot of heat or requiring protection from environmental influences can be placed in the cavity.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device comprising a substrate including a metal portion and a resin portion and having a plurality of through holes formed in the resin portion, conductive members formed within the through holes, a semiconductor chip attached to one surface of the substrate, and a plurality of solder balls attached to the other surface of the substrate. The semiconductor chip and solder balls are electrically connected through the conductive members.
Abstract:
A multi-layer wiring substrate capable of high density packaging, and a method of manufacturing the same, in which a carrier substrate, in which through holes can be easily formed in high density corresponding substantially to a pitch of connecting terminals in a semiconductor chip, and build-up layers are formed on the substrate with the application of a conventional build-up technique. When the build-up technique for repeatedly forming insulating layers and wiring layers on a carrier substrate is used to manufacture a multi-layer wiring substrate, the carrier substrate is formed in the following manner. First, an insulating resin layer is formed in a copper foil, in which a plurality of first windows are regularly provided, to cover the copper foil, and the resin layer fills the interior of the windows. Subsequently, second windows of a particular shape are provided in regions of layers of the insulating resin filled in the windows, and independent conducting paths are formed through the second windows to extend from front sides of the second windows to back sides thereof. The conducting paths are formed radially to be spaced a substantially equal distance from centers of the respective second windows.
Abstract:
A Quadrax to Twinax conversion apparatus includes stacked trace layers of transmission line with a ground plane between the trace layers. Embodiments include trace layers of stripline or microstrip. Orthogonal plated through holes include a diagonal pair of through holes in electrical contact with traces on one of the trace layers and another diagonal pair of through holes in electrical contact with another trace layer. Contact pins extend through these orthogonal plated through holes with one pair of pins making electrical contact with one trace layer and the other pair of pins making electrical contact with another trace layer. The conversion apparatus electrically connects Twinax cables to respectively different trace layers without crossing over or disturbing the relative positions of the Quadrax diagonal pairs for very efficient high-speed data transfer from four wire Quadrax to two wire Twinax cables.
Abstract:
In holes formed in a multi-layer wiring board for transmitting differential signals, a first hole is formed, an insulating portion is formed by filling the first hole with an insulating resin, a pair of second holes is formed for transmitting the differential signals to the formed insulating portion, and the pair of second holes is arranged symmetrically each other with respect to a center axis of the first hole for forming a coaxial structure.