公开(公告)号：US09236527B2

公开(公告)日：2016-01-12

申请号：US13746191

申请日：2013-01-21

Applicant: NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc. ,  The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Inventor： William Johnstone Ray ,  Mark D. Lowenthal ,  Neil O. Shotton ,  Richard A. Blanchard ,  Mark Allan Lewandowski ,  Kirk A. Fuller ,  Donald Odell Frazier

IPC: H01L33/08 ,  H01L33/20 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  H01L27/32 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/44 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/56 ,  H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/0352 ,  H01L31/05 ,  H01L31/054 ,  H01L31/068 ,  H01L31/0475

CPC classification number: H01L33/00 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  H01L21/30 ,  H01L27/142 ,  H01L27/156 ,  H01L27/32 ,  H01L27/3281 ,  H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/028 ,  H01L31/0304 ,  H01L31/03044 ,  H01L31/0328 ,  H01L31/0352 ,  H01L31/035281 ,  H01L31/0475 ,  H01L31/05 ,  H01L31/0504 ,  H01L31/0508 ,  H01L31/0512 ,  H01L31/0543 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  H01L31/068 ,  H01L33/08 ,  H01L33/20 ,  H01L33/30 ,  H01L33/32 ,  H01L33/34 ,  H01L33/58 ,  H01L33/60 ,  H01L33/62 ,  H01L51/0096 ,  H01L51/447 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/5203 ,  H01L51/5265 ,  H01L51/5271 ,  H01L51/5275 ,  H01L51/56 ,  H01L2251/5369 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/547 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic apparatus, such as a lighting device comprised of light emitting diodes (LEDs) or a power generating apparatus comprising photovoltaic diodes, which may be created through a printing process, using a semiconductor or other substrate particle ink or suspension and using a lens particle ink or suspension. An exemplary apparatus comprises a base; at least one first conductor; a plurality of diodes coupled to the at least one first conductor; at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of diodes; and a plurality of lenses suspended in a polymer deposited or attached over the diodes. The lenses and the suspending polymer have different indices of refraction. In some embodiments, the lenses and diodes are substantially spherical, and have a ratio of mean diameters or lengths between about 10:1 and 2:1. The diodes may be LEDs or photovoltaic diodes, and in some embodiments, have a junction formed at least partially as a hemispherical shell or cap.

公开(公告)号：US09200758B2

公开(公告)日：2015-12-01

申请号：US14686444

申请日：2015-04-14

Applicant: NthDegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.

Inventor： Mark David Lowenthal ,  William Johnstone Ray ,  Neil O. Shotton ,  Richard A. Blanchard ,  Brad Oraw ,  Mark Allan Lewandowski ,  Jeffrey Baldridge ,  Eric Anthony Perozziello

IPC: F21K99/00 ,  H01L25/04 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/56 ,  H01L23/00 ,  F21V7/00 ,  F21V23/06 ,  H01L33/50 ,  H01L25/075 ,  H01L33/38 ,  H01L33/48 ,  F21V3/04 ,  F21V5/04 ,  F21V9/16 ,  F21V19/00 ,  F21V23/00 ,  F21V23/04 ,  H01L33/06 ,  H01L33/24 ,  H01L33/32 ,  H01L33/62 ,  F21Y101/02 ,  F21Y113/00 ,  F21Y103/00

CPC classification number: F21V23/06 ,  F21K9/232 ,  F21K9/27 ,  F21V3/049 ,  F21V3/06 ,  F21V5/048 ,  F21V7/0066 ,  F21V9/30 ,  F21V19/0005 ,  F21V23/003 ,  F21V23/04 ,  F21Y2101/00 ,  F21Y2107/20 ,  F21Y2115/10 ,  H01L24/24 ,  H01L24/95 ,  H01L25/048 ,  H01L25/0753 ,  H01L27/153 ,  H01L33/06 ,  H01L33/20 ,  H01L33/22 ,  H01L33/24 ,  H01L33/32 ,  H01L33/38 ,  H01L33/382 ,  H01L33/42 ,  H01L33/483 ,  H01L33/486 ,  H01L33/50 ,  H01L33/58 ,  H01L33/62 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/5203 ,  H01L51/56 ,  H01L2224/24137 ,  H01L2224/32225 ,  H01L2224/73267 ,  H01L2224/95101 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/09701 ,  H01L2924/12041 ,  H01L2924/12042 ,  H01L2924/13033 ,  H01L2924/13034 ,  H01L2924/1305 ,  H01L2924/1306 ,  H01L2924/13062 ,  H01L2924/13091 ,  H01L2924/14 ,  H01L2924/00 ,  H01L2924/00014

Abstract: An exemplary printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes comprises a plurality of diodes, a first solvent and/or a viscosity modifier. An exemplary apparatus comprises: a plurality of diodes; at least a trace amount of a first solvent; and a polymeric or resin film at least partially surrounding each diode of the plurality of diodes. Various exemplary diodes have a lateral dimension between about 10 to 50 microns and about 5 to 25 microns in height. Other embodiments may also include a plurality of substantially chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 50 microns.

Abstract translation: 二极管的液体或凝胶悬浮液的示例性可印刷组合物包括多个二极管，第一溶剂和/或粘度调节剂。 示例性装置包括：多个二极管; 至少微量的第一溶剂; 以及至少部分地围绕所述多个二极管的每个二极管的聚合物或树脂膜。 各种示例性二极管的高度为约10至50微米和约5至25微米之间的横向尺寸。 其它实施方案还可以包括多个基本上化学惰性的颗粒，其尺寸范围在约10至约50微米之间。

公开(公告)号：US09123705B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-01

申请号：US14552212

申请日：2014-11-24

Applicant: Nthdegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.

Inventor： Richard A. Blanchard ,  William J. Ray ,  Mark D. Lowenthal ,  Xiaorong Cai ,  Theodore Kamins

IPC: H01L23/00 ,  H01L23/48 ,  H01L21/768 ,  H01L21/288 ,  H01L25/065 ,  H01L25/00 ,  H01L23/498 ,  H01L21/48 ,  H01L23/522 ,  H01L23/532

CPC classification number: H01L23/481 ,  H01L21/288 ,  H01L21/486 ,  H01L21/76879 ,  H01L21/76882 ,  H01L21/76898 ,  H01L23/49827 ,  H01L23/5226 ,  H01L23/5328 ,  H01L24/05 ,  H01L24/06 ,  H01L24/08 ,  H01L24/19 ,  H01L24/80 ,  H01L24/94 ,  H01L25/0657 ,  H01L25/50 ,  H01L2224/03002 ,  H01L2224/0332 ,  H01L2224/05568 ,  H01L2224/0557 ,  H01L2224/06181 ,  H01L2224/08146 ,  H01L2224/08165 ,  H01L2224/73265 ,  H01L2224/76155 ,  H01L2224/83191 ,  H01L2224/94 ,  H01L2225/06513 ,  H01L2225/06517 ,  H01L2225/06572 ,  H01L2924/12042 ,  H01L2224/03 ,  H01L2224/80 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: Vias (holes) are formed in a wafer or a dielectric layer. A low viscosity conductive ink, containing microscopic metal particles, is deposited over the top surface of the wafer to cover the vias. An external force is applied to urge the ink into the vias, including an electrical force, a magnetic force, a centrifugal force, a vacuum, or a suction force for outgassing the air in the vias. Any remaining ink on the surface is removed by a squeegee, spinning, an air knife, or removal of an underlying photoresist layer. The ink in the vias is heated to evaporate the liquid and sinter the remaining metal particles to form a conductive path in the vias. The resulting wafer may be bonded to one or more other wafers and singulated to form a 3-D module.

公开(公告)号：US09099568B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-04

申请号：US14204886

申请日：2014-03-11

Applicant: Nthdegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.

Inventor： Richard Austin Blanchard

IPC: H01L21/84 ,  H01L25/00 ,  H01L27/12 ,  H01L23/00 ,  H01L25/07 ,  H01L25/065 ,  H01L25/075

CPC classification number: H01L21/84 ,  H01L21/6835 ,  H01L24/05 ,  H01L24/06 ,  H01L24/24 ,  H01L24/25 ,  H01L24/32 ,  H01L24/73 ,  H01L24/82 ,  H01L24/92 ,  H01L24/95 ,  H01L24/97 ,  H01L25/0655 ,  H01L25/072 ,  H01L25/0753 ,  H01L25/50 ,  H01L27/12 ,  H01L33/20 ,  H01L2221/68327 ,  H01L2221/68381 ,  H01L2224/05552 ,  H01L2224/05555 ,  H01L2224/06051 ,  H01L2224/06181 ,  H01L2224/24137 ,  H01L2224/25105 ,  H01L2224/25174 ,  H01L2224/32225 ,  H01L2224/73267 ,  H01L2224/82104 ,  H01L2224/92244 ,  H01L2224/95085 ,  H01L2224/95101 ,  H01L2224/95115 ,  H01L2224/95144 ,  H01L2224/95145 ,  H01L2924/10253 ,  H01L2924/12041 ,  H01L2924/1301 ,  H01L2924/13034 ,  H01L2924/1305 ,  H01L2924/13062 ,  H01L2924/13091 ,  H01L2924/00 ,  H01L2924/00014

Abstract: A layer of microscopic, 3-terminal transistors is printed over a first conductor layer so that bottom electrodes of the transistors electrically contact the first conductor layer. A first dielectric layer overlies the first conductor layer, and a second conductor layer over the first dielectric layer contacts intermediate electrodes on the transistors between the bottom electrodes and top electrodes. A second dielectric layer overlies the second conductor layer, and a third conductor layer over the second dielectric layer contacts the top electrodes. The devices are thus electrically connected in parallel by a combination of the first conductor layer, the second conductor layer, and the third conductor layer. Separate groups of the devices may be interconnected to form more complex circuits. The resulting circuit may be a very thin flex-circuit.

Abstract translation: 在第一导体层上印刷一层微观的3端子晶体管，使得晶体管的底部电极与第一导体层电接触。 第一电介质层覆盖在第一导体层上，第一电介质层上的第二导体层接触底电极和顶电极之间的晶体管上的中间电极。 第二电介质层覆盖在第二导体层上，第二电介质层上的第三导体层接触顶电极。 因此，这些器件通过第一导体层，第二导体层和第三导体层的组合而并联连接。 单独的设备组可以互连以形成更复杂的电路。 所得到的电路可能是非常薄的柔性电路。

公开(公告)号：US08982446B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-17

申请号：US14095526

申请日：2013-12-03

Applicant: Nthdegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.

Inventor： William J. Ray

IPC: G02B26/00 ,  G02F1/29 ,  H01L33/60 ,  G02B26/08 ,  G02F1/23 ,  G02B26/02 ,  H01L33/50

CPC classification number: G02B26/007 ,  G02B26/026 ,  G02B26/0858 ,  G02F1/21 ,  G02F1/23 ,  G02F1/29 ,  G02F2202/32 ,  G02F2203/12 ,  H01L33/50 ,  H01L33/502 ,  H01L33/60

Abstract: A reflective color display is disclosed. A substrate supports a first conductor layer and pixel wells. A piezoelectric segment is formed in each pixel well over the first conductor layer. A second conductor layer overlies the piezoelectric segments, wherein an electric field created across any piezoelectric segment causes the piezoelectric segment to expand or contract under control of the electric field. A Bragg reflector segment overlies each piezoelectric segment and is compressible by expansion of the underlying piezoelectric segment. A white light LED layer overlies the Bragg reflector segments. By varying the electric field across each piezoelectric segment, the overlying Bragg reflector segment is controlled to reflect a selected wavelength for each pixel of the display. The walls of the pixel wells provide acoustic isolation between adjacent pixel wells. An acoustic membrane isolates the Bragg reflector segment from high frequency vibrations of the piezoelectric segment.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种反射彩色显示器。 衬底支撑第一导体层和像素阱。 在每个像素中在第一导体层上形成压电段。 第二导体层覆盖在压电段上，其中跨越任何压电段产生的电场使压电段在电场的控制下膨胀或收缩。 布拉格反射器部分覆盖每个压电段，并且可通过下面的压电段的膨胀来压缩。 白光LED层叠在布拉格反射器部分上。 通过改变跨越每个压电段的电场，控制上覆布拉格反射器段以反映显示器每个像素的选定波长。 像素孔的壁提供相邻像素孔之间的声学​​隔离。 声膜将布拉格反射器段与压电段的高频振动隔离开。

公开(公告)号：US08963168B1

公开(公告)日：2015-02-24

申请号：US14542192

申请日：2014-11-14

Applicant: Nthdegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.

Inventor： Reuben Rettke

IPC: H01L27/15 ,  H01L31/12 ,  H01L33/00 ,  H01L25/075 ,  H01L33/50

CPC classification number: H01L25/0753 ,  H01L33/502 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: Many thousands of micro-LEDs (e.g., 25 microns per side) are deposited on a substrate. Some of the LEDs are formed to emit a peak wavelength of 450 nm (blue), and some are formed to emit a peak wavelength of 490 nm (cyan). A YAG (yellow) phosphor is then deposited on the LEDs, or a remote YAG layer is used. YAG phosphor is most efficiently excited at 450 nm and has a very weak emission at 490 nm. The two types of LEDs are GaN based and can be driven at the same current. The ratio of the two types of LEDs is controlled to achieve the desired overall color emission of the LED lamp. The blue LEDs optimally excite the YAG phosphor to produce white light having blue and yellow components, and the cyan LEDs broaden the emission spectrum to increase the CRI of the lamp while improving luminous efficiency. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract translation: 数千个微型LED（例如每侧25微米）沉积在衬底上。 一些LED形成为发射450nm（蓝色）的峰值波长，并且一些形成为发射490nm（青色）的峰值波长。 然后将YAG（黄色）磷光体沉积在LED上，或者使用远程YAG层。 YAG荧光粉在450nm处最有效地被激发，并且在490nm处具有非常弱的发射。 两种类型的LED是基于GaN的，并且可以以相同的电流驱动。 控制两种类型的LED的比率以实现LED灯的期望的总体颜色发射。 蓝色LED最佳地激发YAG荧光粉以产生具有蓝色和黄色分量的白光，并且青色LED扩大发射光谱以增加灯的CRI，同时提高发光效率。 描述其他实施例。

公开(公告)号：US08906713B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-09

申请号：US13436613

申请日：2012-03-30

Applicant: Reuben Rettke

Inventor： Reuben Rettke

IPC: H01L21/00

CPC classification number: H01L25/0753 ,  H01L33/502 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: Many thousands of micro-LEDs (e.g., 25 microns per side) are deposited on a substrate. Some of the LEDs are formed to emit a peak wavelength of 450 nm (blue), and some are formed to emit a peak wavelength of 490 nm (cyan). A YAG (yellow) phosphor is then deposited on the LEDs, or a remote YAG layer is used. YAG phosphor is most efficiently excited at 450 nm and has a very weak emission at 490 nm. The two types of LEDs are GaN based and can be driven at the same current. The ratio of the two types of LEDs is controlled to achieve the desired overall color emission of the LED lamp. The blue LEDs optimally excite the YAG phosphor to produce white light having blue and yellow components, and the cyan LEDs broaden the emission spectrum to increase the CRI of the lamp while improving luminous efficiency. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract translation: 数千个微型LED（例如每侧25微米）沉积在衬底上。 一些LED形成为发射450nm（蓝色）的峰值波长，并且一些形成为发射490nm（青色）的峰值波长。 然后将YAG（黄色）磷光体沉积在LED上，或者使用远程YAG层。 YAG荧光粉在450nm处最有效地被激发，并且在490nm处具有非常弱的发射。 两种类型的LED是基于GaN的，并且可以以相同的电流驱动。 控制两种类型的LED的比率以实现LED灯的期望的总体颜色发射。 蓝色LED最佳地激发YAG荧光粉以产生具有蓝色和黄色分量的白光，并且青色LED扩大发射光谱以增加灯的CRI，同时提高发光效率。 描述其他实施例。

公开(公告)号：US08889216B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-18

申请号：US11756616

申请日：2007-05-31

Applicant: William Johnstone Ray ,  Mark David Lowenthal

Inventor： William Johnstone Ray ,  Mark David Lowenthal

IPC: H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/56 ,  H01L27/32

CPC classification number: H01L25/0753 ,  H01L27/3281 ,  H01L33/507 ,  H01L33/54 ,  H01L33/62 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/56 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2933/0025 ,  H01L2933/0041 ,  H01L2933/005 ,  H01L2933/0066 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing an electronic display. The exemplary method includes depositing a first conductive medium within a plurality of cavities of a substrate to form a plurality of first conductors. A plurality of electronic components in a suspending medium are then deposited within the plurality of cavities, and the plurality of electronic components are oriented using an applied field, followed by a bonding of the plurality of electronic components to the plurality of first conductors. A second, transmissive conductive medium is then deposited and bonded to the plurality of electronic components.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种制造电子显示器的方法。 示例性方法包括在衬底的多个空腔内沉积第一导电介质以形成多个第一导体。 然后将悬挂介质中的多个电子部件沉积在多个空腔内，并且使用施加的场来定向多个电子部件，随后将多个电子部件接合到多个第一导体。 然后将第二透射导电介质沉积并结合到多个电子部件。

公开(公告)号：US20140209936A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-31

申请号：US14150199

申请日：2014-01-08

Applicant: Nthdegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.

Inventor： Bradley Steven Oraw

IPC: H01L27/15

CPC classification number: H01L25/0756 ,  H01L21/568 ,  H01L33/387 ,  H01L33/42 ,  H01L33/44 ,  H01L2224/04105 ,  H01L2224/20 ,  H01L2224/24137 ,  H01L2224/73267 ,  H01L2224/92244 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2933/0033 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: A first layer of first vertical light emitting diodes (VLEDs) is printed on a conductor surface. A first transparent conductor layer is deposited over the first VLEDs to electrically contact top electrodes of the first VLEDs. A second layer of second VLEDs is printed on the first transparent conductor layer. Since the VLEDs are printed as an ink, the second VLEDs are not vertically aligned with the first VLEDs, so light from the first VLEDs is not substantially blocked by the second VLEDs when the VLEDs are turned on. A second transparent conductor layer is deposited over the second VLEDs to electrically contact top electrodes of the second VLEDs. By this structure, the first VLEDs are connected in parallel, the second VLEDs are connected in parallel, and the first layer of first VLEDs and the second layer of second VLEDs are connected in series by the first transparent conductor layer.

Abstract translation: 第一层第一垂直发光二极管（VLED）印在导体表面上。 在第一VLED上沉积第一透明导体层以电接触第一VLED的顶部电极。 在第一透明导体层上印刷第二层第二VLED。 由于VLED被印刷为墨水，所以第二VLED不与第一VLED垂直对准，因此当VLED被打开时，来自第一VLED的光基本上被第二VLED阻挡。 在第二VLED上沉积第二透明导体层以电接触第二VLED的顶部电极。 通过这种结构，第一VLED并联连接，第二VLED并联连接，第一VLED的第一层和第二VLED的第二层通过第一透明导体层串联连接。

公开(公告)号：US08772814B2

公开(公告)日：2014-07-08

申请号：US13906751

申请日：2013-05-31

Applicant: Nthdegree Technologies Worldwide Inc.

Inventor： William J. Ray ,  Reuben Rettke ,  Mark D. Lowenthal ,  Alexander Ray

IPC: H01L33/00 ,  H01L33/50 ,  C09K11/02

CPC classification number: F21K9/64 ,  C09K11/025 ,  C09K11/08 ,  H01L33/501 ,  H01L33/502 ,  H01L33/505 ,  H01L33/507 ,  H01L33/508 ,  H01L33/54 ,  H01L33/58 ,  H01L2933/0083 ,  H01L2933/0091 ,  Y02B20/181

Abstract: LED dies are suspended in an ink and printed on a first support substrate to form a light emitting layer having a light emitting surface emitting primary light, such as blue light. A mixture of a transparent binder, phosphor powder, and transparent glass beads is formed as an ink and printed over the light emitting surface. The mixture forms a wavelength conversion layer when cured. The beads are preferably sized so that the tops of the beads protrude completely through the conversion layer. Some of the primary light passes through the beads with virtually no attenuation or backscattering, and some of the primary light is converted by the phosphor to secondary light. The combination of the secondary light and the primary light passing though the beads may form white light. The overall color is highly controllable by controlling the percentage weight of the beads.

Abstract translation: LED芯片悬挂在墨水中并印刷在第一支撑基板上以形成具有发射初级光的发光表面的发光层，例如蓝色光。 形成透明粘合剂，荧光体粉末和透明玻璃珠的混合物作为墨水并印刷在发光表面上。 混合物在固化时形成波长转换层。 珠子的尺寸优选使得珠的顶部完全突出通过转换层。 一些初级光通过珠子几乎没有衰减或反向散射，并且一些初级光被磷光体转换成二次光。 二次光和通过珠的初级光的组合可以形成白光。 通过控制珠子的重量百分比，整体颜色是高度可控的。