公开(公告)号：US20020067181A1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-06

申请号：US10011335

申请日：2001-12-05

申请人： FormFactor, Inc.

发明人： Benjamin N. Eldridge ,  Gary W. Grube ,  Igor Y. Khandros ,  Gaetan L. Mathieu

IPC分类号： G01R031/02 ,  H01R009/00 ,  H01R043/00

CPC分类号： H05K3/4015 ,  B23K20/004 ,  B23K2101/40 ,  C25D5/08 ,  C25D5/22 ,  C25D21/02 ,  G01R1/06711 ,  G01R1/06727 ,  G01R1/07378 ,  G01R31/2889 ,  H01L21/4853 ,  H01L21/4889 ,  H01L21/563 ,  H01L21/76897 ,  H01L22/20 ,  H01L23/49811 ,  H01L24/72 ,  H01L24/81 ,  H01L25/0652 ,  H01L25/16 ,  H01L2224/11 ,  H01L2224/1134 ,  H01L2224/12 ,  H01L2224/13099 ,  H01L2224/16 ,  H01L2224/16145 ,  H01L2224/45 ,  H01L2224/45015 ,  H01L2224/45144 ,  H01L2224/49 ,  H01L2224/49109 ,  H01L2224/73203 ,  H01L2224/81801 ,  H01L2224/85201 ,  H01L2225/0651 ,  H01L2225/06527 ,  H01L2225/06555 ,  H01L2225/06572 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/01004 ,  H01L2924/01005 ,  H01L2924/01006 ,  H01L2924/01012 ,  H01L2924/01013 ,  H01L2924/01015 ,  H01L2924/01019 ,  H01L2924/01022 ,  H01L2924/01027 ,  H01L2924/01029 ,  H01L2924/01033 ,  H01L2924/01042 ,  H01L2924/01045 ,  H01L2924/01046 ,  H01L2924/01047 ,  H01L2924/01049 ,  H01L2924/0105 ,  H01L2924/01051 ,  H01L2924/01074 ,  H01L2924/01078 ,  H01L2924/01079 ,  H01L2924/01082 ,  H01L2924/01322 ,  H01L2924/014 ,  H01L2924/10253 ,  H01L2924/10329 ,  H01L2924/12042 ,  H01L2924/14 ,  H01L2924/1532 ,  H01L2924/15787 ,  H01L2924/19041 ,  H01L2924/30107 ,  H01L2924/3011 ,  H01L2924/3025 ,  H01R12/52 ,  H05K1/141 ,  H05K3/20 ,  H05K3/308 ,  H05K3/326 ,  H05K3/3421 ,  H05K3/3426 ,  H05K3/368 ,  H05K3/4092 ,  H05K7/1069 ,  H05K2201/0397 ,  H05K2201/068 ,  H05K2201/1031 ,  H05K2201/10318 ,  H05K2201/10378 ,  H05K2201/10719 ,  H05K2201/10734 ,  H05K2201/10757 ,  H05K2201/10878 ,  H05K2201/10909 ,  H05K2201/10946 ,  Y02P70/611 ,  Y02P70/613 ,  Y10T29/49222 ,  H01L2924/00 ,  H01L2224/48 ,  H01L2924/20752 ,  H01L2924/20753 ,  H01L2224/05599 ,  H01L2924/00012

摘要： A probe card assembly includes a probe card, a space transformer having resilient contact structures (probe elements) mounted directly to (i.e., without the need for additional connecting wires or the like) and extending from terminals on a surface thereof, and an interposer disposed between the space transformer and the probe card. The space transformer and interposer are nullstacked upnull so that the orientation of the space transformer, hence the orientation of the tips of the probe elements, can be adjusted without changing the orientation of the probe card. Suitable mechanisms for adjusting the orientation of the space transformer, and for determining what adjustments to make, are disclosed. The interposer has resilient contact structures extending from both the top and bottom surfaces thereof, and ensures that electrical connections are maintained between the space transformer and the probe card throughout the space transformer's range of adjustment, by virtue of the interposer's inherent compliance. Multiple die sites on a semiconductor wafer are readily probed using the disclosed techniques, and the probe elements can be arranged to optimize probing of an entire wafer. Composite interconnection elements having a relatively soft core overcoated by a relatively hard shell, as the resilient contact structures are described.

公开(公告)号：US20010002341A1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-31

申请号：US09753310

申请日：2000-12-29

申请人： FormFactor, Inc., a Delaware corporation

发明人： Benjamin N. Eldridge ,  Gary W. Grube ,  Igor Y. Khandros ,  Gaetan L. Mathieu

IPC分类号： H01R012/00

CPC分类号： G01R3/00 ,  B23K2101/38 ,  G01R1/06727 ,  G01R1/06744 ,  H01L21/6835 ,  H01L23/4951 ,  H01L24/72 ,  H01L2924/01005 ,  H01L2924/01013 ,  H01L2924/01015 ,  H01L2924/01019 ,  H01L2924/01027 ,  H01L2924/01029 ,  H01L2924/01033 ,  H01L2924/01042 ,  H01L2924/01045 ,  H01L2924/01046 ,  H01L2924/01047 ,  H01L2924/01049 ,  H01L2924/01074 ,  H01L2924/01078 ,  H01L2924/01079 ,  H01L2924/01082 ,  H01L2924/12042 ,  H01L2924/14 ,  H01L2924/1433 ,  H01L2924/3011 ,  H01L2924/3025 ,  H01R12/57 ,  H05K3/4092 ,  Y10T29/49147 ,  Y10T29/49149 ,  Y10T29/49155 ,  Y10T29/49204 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： Spring contact elements are fabricated by depositing at least one layer of metallic material into openings defined on a sacrificial substrate. The openings may be within the surface of the substrate, or in one or more layers deposited on the surface of the sacrificial substrate. Each spring contact element has a base end portion, a contact end portion, and a central body portion. The contact end portion is offset in the z-axis (at a different height) than the central body portion. The base end portion is preferably offset in an opposite direction along the z-axis from the central body portion. In this manner, a plurality of spring contact elements are fabricated in a prescribed spatial relationship with one another on the sacrificial substrate. The spring contact elements are suitably mounted by their base end portions to corresponding terminals on an electronic component, such as a space transformer or a semiconductor device, whereupon the sacrificial substrate is removed so that the contact ends of the spring contact elements extend above the surface of the electronic component. In an exemplary use, the spring contact elements are thereby disposed on a space transformer component of a probe card assembly so that their contact ends effect pressure connections to corresponding terminals on another electronic component, for the purpose of probing the electronic component.

摘要翻译： 通过将至少一层金属材料沉积到限定在牺牲衬底上的开口中来制造弹簧接触元件。 开口可以在衬底的表面内，或者在沉积在牺牲衬底的表面上的一个或多个层中。 每个弹簧接触元件具有基端部分，接触端部分和中心体部分。 接触端部在与中心体部分相同的z轴（不同高度）偏移。 基端部优选地沿着与中心主体部分的z轴相反的方向偏移。 以这种方式，在牺牲基板上以规定的空间关系制造多个弹簧接触元件。 弹簧接触元件通过它们的基端部适当地安装在诸如空间变压器或半导体器件的电子部件上的对应端子上，从而去除牺牲基板，使得弹簧接触元件的接触端部在表面上方延伸 的电子元件。 在示例性用途中，弹簧接触元件因此被布置在探针卡组件的空间变换器部件上，使得它们的接触端在另一电子部件上实现与相应端子的压力连接，以便探测电子部件。

公开(公告)号：US20040266234A1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-30

申请号：US10607628

申请日：2003-06-27

申请人： FormFactor, Inc.

发明人： Gary W. Grube

IPC分类号： H01R013/44

CPC分类号： H01R13/2442 ,  G01R1/07342 ,  H01R12/7076 ,  H01R13/2464 ,  H01R13/447

摘要： An insulative material is applied to one or more selected probe tips to disable those probes, and the probes are brought into contact with a semiconductor die. One or more tests are run on the die to verify sufficient testing of the die without the disabled probes. The process may be repeated with other probes disabled to determine which probes need not be used in testing the die.

摘要翻译： 将绝缘材料施加到一个或多个所选择的探针尖端以禁用那些探针，并且使探针与半导体管芯接触。 在芯片上运行一个或多个测试，以验证芯片的充分测试，而不使用禁用的探针。 可以重复该过程，其他探针被禁用以确定哪些探针不需要用于测试模具。

公开(公告)号：US20040194299A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-07

申请号：US10823437

申请日：2004-04-12

申请人： FormFactor, Inc.

发明人： Gary W. Grube ,  Igor Y. Khandros ,  Benjamin N. Eldridge ,  Gaetan L. Mathieu

IPC分类号： H05K003/36 ,  B21K001/42 ,  G05F001/00

CPC分类号： G01R1/07314 ,  G01R1/07342 ,  G01R1/07378 ,  G01R3/00 ,  G01R31/2886 ,  G01R31/2889 ,  Y10T29/49002 ,  Y10T29/49004 ,  Y10T29/49117 ,  Y10T29/49124 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49147 ,  Y10T29/49149 ,  Y10T29/49453

摘要： A method of designing and manufacturing a probe card assembly includes prefabricating one or more elements of the probe card assembly to one or more predefined designs. Thereafter, design data regarding a newly designed semiconductor device is received along with data describing the tester and testing algorithms to be used to test the semiconductor device. Using the received data, one or more of the prefabricated elements is selected. Again using the received data, one or more of the selected prefabricated elements is customized. The probe card assembly is then built using the selected and customized elements.

公开(公告)号：US20040142583A1

公开(公告)日：2004-07-22

申请号：US10750355

申请日：2003-12-29

申请人： FormFactor, Inc.

发明人： Gaetan L. Mathieu ,  Benjamin N. Eldridge ,  Gary W. Grube ,  Richard A. Larder

IPC分类号： H01R012/00

CPC分类号： H01L24/72 ,  G01R1/06727 ,  G01R1/06733 ,  G01R1/06761 ,  G01R1/07342 ,  G01R3/00 ,  H01H1/0036 ,  H01L2924/01005 ,  H01L2924/01006 ,  H01L2924/01011 ,  H01L2924/01013 ,  H01L2924/01019 ,  H01L2924/01027 ,  H01L2924/01029 ,  H01L2924/01033 ,  H01L2924/01039 ,  H01L2924/01042 ,  H01L2924/01045 ,  H01L2924/01046 ,  H01L2924/01047 ,  H01L2924/01055 ,  H01L2924/01074 ,  H01L2924/01078 ,  H01L2924/01079 ,  H01L2924/01082 ,  H01L2924/12042 ,  H01L2924/14 ,  H01L2924/1433 ,  H01L2924/15787 ,  H01L2924/30105 ,  H05K3/326 ,  H05K3/4092 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： An interconnection element of a spring (body) including a first resilient element with a first contact region and a second contact region and a first securing region and a second resilient element, with a third contact region and a second securing region. The second resilient element is coupled to the first resilient element through respective securing regions and positioned such that upon sufficient displacement of the first contact region toward the second resilient element, the second contact region will contact the third contact region. The interconnection, in one aspect, is of a size suitable for directly contacting a semiconductor device. A large substrate with a plurality of such interconnection elements can be used as a wafer-level contactor. The interconnection element, in another aspect, is of a size suitable for contacting a packaged semiconductor device, such as in an LGA package.

摘要翻译： 包括具有第一接触区域和第二接触区域的第一弹性元件和具有第三接触区域和第二固定区域的第一固定区域和第二弹性元件的弹簧（主体）的互连元件。 第二弹性元件通过相应的固定区域联接到第一弹性元件，并且定位成使得在第一接触区域朝着第二弹性元件充分移位时，第二接触区域将接触第三接触区域。 在一个方面，互连具有适于直接接触半导体器件的尺寸。 可以使用具有多个这种互连元件的大型衬底作为晶片级接触器。 在另一方面，互连元件的尺寸适合于例如LGA封装中的封装半导体器件的接触。

公开(公告)号：US20040072452A1

公开(公告)日：2004-04-15

申请号：US10692174

申请日：2003-10-23

申请人： FormFactor, Inc.

发明人： Benjamin N. Eldridge ,  Gary W. Grube ,  Igor Y. Khandros ,  Gaetan L. Mathieu

IPC分类号： H01R012/00

CPC分类号： G01R1/07314 ,  H01H1/0036 ,  H01L2224/02335 ,  H01L2924/00013 ,  Y10T29/49147 ,  Y10T29/49204 ,  Y10T29/49218 ,  Y10T29/49316 ,  H01L2224/13099

摘要： Microelectronic contact structures are fabricated by separately forming, then joining together, various components thereof. Each contact structure has three components: a nullpostnull component, a nullbeamnull component, and a nulltipnull component. The resulting contact structure, mounted to an electronic component, is useful for making an electrical connection with another electronic component. The post component can be fabricated on a sacrificial substrate, joined to the electronic component and its sacrificial substrate removed. Alternatively, the post component can be formed on the electronic component. The beam and tip components can each be fabricated on a sacrificial substrate. The beam component is joined to the post component and its sacrificial substrate is removed, and the tip component is joined to the beam component and its sacrificial substrate is removed.

摘要翻译： 微电子接触结构通过分别形成，然后连接在一起而制成其各种部件。 每个接触结构具有三个部件：“后”部件，“梁”部件和“尖端”部件。 安装到电子部件上的所得接触结构对于与另一个电子部件进行电连接是有用的。 后部组件可以制造在牺牲基板上，连接到电子部件并且去除其牺牲基板。 或者，可以在电子部件上形成柱部件。 梁和尖端部件可以分别制造在牺牲衬底上。 梁组件连接到柱部件，并且其牺牲基板被移除，并且尖端部件接合到梁部件并且其牺牲基板被移除。

公开(公告)号：US20040068869A1

公开(公告)日：2004-04-15

申请号：US10673686

申请日：2003-09-29

申请人： FormFactor, Inc.

发明人： Benjamin N. Eldridge ,  Gary W. Grube ,  Igor Y. Khandros ,  Gaetan L. Mathieu

IPC分类号： G05F001/00 ,  H01H001/00 ,  H05K003/30

CPC分类号： H05K7/1069 ,  B23K1/0008 ,  B23K20/004 ,  B23K2101/40 ,  C23C18/1605 ,  C23C18/165 ,  C25D5/08 ,  C25D5/22 ,  C25D7/12 ,  C25D21/02 ,  G01R1/07342 ,  G01R31/2856 ,  G01R31/2863 ,  G01R31/2884 ,  G01R31/2886 ,  H01L21/4853 ,  H01L21/4889 ,  H01L21/563 ,  H01L21/6835 ,  H01L22/20 ,  H01L23/49811 ,  H01L23/544 ,  H01L24/03 ,  H01L24/05 ,  H01L24/11 ,  H01L24/12 ,  H01L24/16 ,  H01L24/27 ,  H01L24/45 ,  H01L24/48 ,  H01L24/49 ,  H01L24/72 ,  H01L24/81 ,  H01L24/83 ,  H01L24/90 ,  H01L24/94 ,  H01L25/0652 ,  H01L25/16 ,  H01L2223/54453 ,  H01L2224/02311 ,  H01L2224/03912 ,  H01L2224/0401 ,  H01L2224/04042 ,  H01L2224/0558 ,  H01L2224/05599 ,  H01L2224/05624 ,  H01L2224/05644 ,  H01L2224/11003 ,  H01L2224/1132 ,  H01L2224/11334 ,  H01L2224/1134 ,  H01L2224/1147 ,  H01L2224/1184 ,  H01L2224/13022 ,  H01L2224/13124 ,  H01L2224/13144 ,  H01L2224/13147 ,  H01L2224/13582 ,  H01L2224/13639 ,  H01L2224/13644 ,  H01L2224/13647 ,  H01L2224/13655 ,  H01L2224/13657 ,  H01L2224/16145 ,  H01L2224/274 ,  H01L2224/2929 ,  H01L2224/293 ,  H01L2224/45014 ,  H01L2224/45015 ,  H01L2224/45124 ,  H01L2224/45144 ,  H01L2224/45147 ,  H01L2224/4556 ,  H01L2224/45572 ,  H01L2224/45599 ,  H01L2224/48624 ,  H01L2224/48644 ,  H01L2224/48724 ,  H01L2224/48844 ,  H01L2224/49109 ,  H01L2224/73203 ,  H01L2224/81801 ,  H01L2224/83851 ,  H01L2224/85201 ,  H01L2224/85205 ,  H01L2224/90 ,  H01L2225/0651 ,  H01L2225/06527 ,  H01L2225/06555 ,  H01L2225/06572 ,  H01L2924/00011 ,  H01L2924/00013 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/01005 ,  H01L2924/01006 ,  H01L2924/01012 ,  H01L2924/01013 ,  H01L2924/01014 ,  H01L2924/01015 ,  H01L2924/01019 ,  H01L2924/01022 ,  H01L2924/01024 ,  H01L2924/01027 ,  H01L2924/01028 ,  H01L2924/01029 ,  H01L2924/01033 ,  H01L2924/01042 ,  H01L2924/01045 ,  H01L2924/01046 ,  H01L2924/01047 ,  H01L2924/01049 ,  H01L2924/0105 ,  H01L2924/01051 ,  H01L2924/01074 ,  H01L2924/01075 ,  H01L2924/01078 ,  H01L2924/01079 ,  H01L2924/01082 ,  H01L2924/01322 ,  H01L2924/014 ,  H01L2924/05042 ,  H01L2924/10253 ,  H01L2924/10329 ,  H01L2924/12042 ,  H01L2924/14 ,  H01L2924/1532 ,  H01L2924/181 ,  H01L2924/19041 ,  H01L2924/20104 ,  H01L2924/20105 ,  H01L2924/30107 ,  H01L2924/3011 ,  H01L2924/3025 ,  H01R12/52 ,  H05K1/141 ,  H05K3/20 ,  H05K3/308 ,  H05K3/326 ,  H05K3/3421 ,  H05K3/3426 ,  H05K3/368 ,  H05K3/4015 ,  H05K3/4092 ,  H05K2201/0397 ,  H05K2201/068 ,  H05K2201/1031 ,  H05K2201/10318 ,  H05K2201/10378 ,  H05K2201/10719 ,  H05K2201/10734 ,  H05K2201/10757 ,  H05K2201/10878 ,  H05K2201/10909 ,  H05K2201/10946 ,  Y02P70/611 ,  Y02P70/613 ,  Y10S977/712 ,  Y10S977/723 ,  Y10T29/49004 ,  Y10T29/49117 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49144 ,  Y10T29/49147 ,  Y10T29/49149 ,  Y10T29/49169 ,  Y10T29/49171 ,  Y10T29/49204 ,  Y10T29/49208 ,  Y10T29/4922 ,  Y10T29/49812 ,  Y10T428/12396 ,  Y10T428/12528 ,  H01L2224/13099 ,  H01L2924/00 ,  H01L2224/48824 ,  H01L2224/48744 ,  H01L2224/29099 ,  H01L2224/29075 ,  H01L2224/85399

摘要： Resilient contact structures are mounted directly to bond pads on semiconductor dies, prior to the dies being singulated (separated) from a semiconductor wafer. This enables the semiconductor dies to be exercised (e.g., tested and/or burned-in) by connecting to the semiconductor dies with a circuit board or the like having a plurality of terminals disposed on a surface thereof. Subsequently, the semiconductor dies may be singulated from the semiconductor wafer, whereupon the same resilient contact structures can be used to effect interconnections between the semiconductor dies and other electronic components (such as wiring substrates, semiconductor packages, etc.). Using the all-metallic composite interconnection elements of the present invention as the resilient contact structures, burn-in can be performed at temperatures of at least 150null C., and can be completed in less than 60 minutes.

摘要翻译： 弹性接触结构直接安装在半导体晶片上的接合焊盘上，在裸片与半导体晶片分离（分离）之前。 这使得半导体管芯能够通过具有设置在其表面上的多个端子的电路板等连接到半导体管芯来进行（例如，测试和/或烧入）。 接下来，半导体管芯可以从半导体晶片分离，因此可以使用相同的弹性接触结构来实现半导体管芯和其他电子部件（例如布线基板，半导体封装等）之间的互连。 使用本发明的全金属复合互连元件作为弹性接触结构，可以在至少150℃的温度下进行老化，并且可以在少于60分钟内完成。

公开(公告)号：US20030025172A1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-06

申请号：US10087081

申请日：2002-03-01

申请人： FormFactor, Inc.

发明人： Gary W. Grube ,  Igor Y. Khandros ,  Benjamin N. Eldridge ,  Gaetan L. Mathieu ,  Poya Lotfizadeh ,  Chih-Chiang Tseng

IPC分类号： H01L031/00

CPC分类号： G01R1/07314 ,  G01R1/07342 ,  G01R1/07378 ,  G01R3/00 ,  G01R31/2886 ,  G01R31/2889 ,  Y10T29/49002 ,  Y10T29/49004 ,  Y10T29/49117 ,  Y10T29/49124 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49147 ,  Y10T29/49149 ,  Y10T29/49453

摘要： A method of designing and manufacturing a probe card assembly includes prefabricating one or more elements of the probe card assembly to one or more predefined designs. Thereafter, design data regarding a newly designed semiconductor device is received along with data describing the tester and testing algorithms to be used to test the semiconductor device. Using the received data, one or more of the prefabricated elements is selected. Again using the received data, one or more of the selected prefabricated elements is customized. The probe card assembly is then built using the selected and customized elements.

摘要翻译： 一种设计和制造探针卡组件的方法包括将探针卡组件的一个或多个元件预制成一个或多个预定的设计。 此后，接收关于新设计的半导体器件的设计数据以及描述用于测试半导体器件的测试器和测试算法的数据。 使用接收到的数据，选择一个或多个预制元素。 再次使用接收的数据，定制一个或多个所选择的预制元素。 然后使用所选择和定制的元件构建探针卡组件。

公开(公告)号：US20030010976A1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-16

申请号：US09903798

申请日：2001-07-11

申请人： FormFactor, Inc.

发明人： Gary W. Grube ,  Igor Y. Khandros ,  Benjamin N. Eldridge ,  Gaetan L. Mathieu

IPC分类号： H01L021/66 ,  H01L023/58

CPC分类号： G01R1/07314 ,  G01R1/07342 ,  G01R1/07378 ,  G01R3/00 ,  G01R31/2886 ,  G01R31/2889 ,  Y10T29/49002 ,  Y10T29/49004 ,  Y10T29/49117 ,  Y10T29/49124 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49147 ,  Y10T29/49149 ,  Y10T29/49453

摘要： A method of designing and manufacturing a probe card assembly includes prefabricating one or more elements of the probe card assembly to one or more predefined designs. Thereafter, design data regarding a newly designed semiconductor device is received along with data describing the tester and testing algorithms to be used to test the semiconductor device. Using the received data, one or more of the prefabricated elements is selected. Again using the received data, one or more of the selected prefabricated elements is customized. The probe card assembly is then built using the selected and customized elements.

公开(公告)号：US20040121627A1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-24

申请号：US10328083

申请日：2002-12-23

申请人： FormFactor, Inc.

发明人： Gary W. Grube ,  Gaetan L. Mathieu ,  Alec Madsen

IPC分类号： H05K001/00 ,  H01R012/00

CPC分类号： G01R1/06733 ,  G01R1/06716 ,  G01R1/0675 ,  G01R1/07314 ,  G01R3/00

摘要： An elongate, columnar micro-mechanical structure disposed along a central longitudinal axis; the structure is made up of laminated structural layers, each comprised of a structural material. The layers define a substantially rigid base portion at a proximal end of the structure, a resilient intermediate portion extending from the base portion along the central axis, and a contact tip extending from the resilient portion at a distal end of the structure. The resilient portion of the contact structure is comprised of resilient arms defined in the layers. Opposite ends of the resilient arms may be angularly offset with respect to one another around the central axis. Accordingly, when the contact structure is compressed in an axial direction, the contact tip will rotate around the central axis, while the base remains fixed, providing beneficial wiping action to the contact tip.

摘要翻译： 沿着中心纵向轴线设置的细长柱状微机械结构; 该结构由层压结构层组成，每层由结构材料构成。 这些层在结构的近端处限定基本上刚性的基部，从基部延伸的弹性中间部分沿着中心轴线，以及在结构的远端处从弹性部分延伸的接触尖端。 接触结构的弹性部分由限定在层中的弹性臂组成。 弹性臂的相对端部可以相对于中心轴线彼此成角度地偏移。 因此，当接触结构沿轴向压缩时，接触尖端将围绕中心轴线旋转，同时基座保持固定，为接触尖端提供有益的擦拭作用。