Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for the preparation of organic bromides, by a radical bromodecarboxylation of carboxylic acids with a bromoisocyanurate.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to novel copolymers containing cross-linkable and graft-able moieties, novel compositions comprised of these novel copolymers and a solvent, and methods for using these novel compositions to form neutral layer films which are both cross-linked and grafted on the substrate which are used in processes for aligning microdomains of block copolymers (BCP) on this neutral layer coated substrate such as self-assembly and directed self-assembly. The novel compositions are comprised of at least one novel random copolymer comprised of least one unit of structure (1), at least one unit of structure (2) at least one unit of structure (3) one H end group and one end group having structure (1′); where R1 is selected from the group consisting of a C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 fluoroalkyl, C1-C8 partially fluorinated alkyl moiety, C4-C8 cycloalkyl, C4-C8 cyclofluoroalkyl, C4-C8 partially fluorinated cycloalkyl, and a C2-C8 hydroxyalkyl; R2, R3 and R5 are independently selected from a group consisting of H, C1-C4 alkyl, CF3 and F; R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 partially fluorinated alkyl moiety and C1-C8 fluoroalkyl, n ranges from 1 to 5, R6 is selected from the group consisting of H, F, C1-C8 alkyl and a C1-C8 fluoroalkyl and m ranges from 1 to 3, and n′ ranges from 1 to 5, and n″ ranges from 1 to 5, n′″ ranges from 1 to 5, R7 is a C1 to C8 alkyl and X is —CN, or an alkyloxycarbonyl moiety R8—O—(C═O)— where R8 is a C1 to C8 alkyl and represent the attachment point of the end group to the polymer. The novel polymers, compositions and processes are useful for fabrication of electronic devices.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to novel nitrification inhibitors of formula I. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of these novel nitrification inhibitors for reducing nitrification, as well as agrochemical mixtures and compositions comprising the nitrification inhibitors. Further encompassed by the present invention are methods for reducing nitrification comprising the treatment of plants, soil and/or loci with said nitrification inhibitors, and methods for treating a fertilizer or a composition by applying said nitrification inhibitor.
Abstract:
A process is provided for synthesizing an azo compound, such as AIBN, by oxidation of a hydrazo compound using hydrogen peroxide. This process comprises a step of adding to the reaction medium a particular reducing agent, such as hydrazine.
Abstract:
The invention relates to ionic compounds in which the anionic load has been delocalized. A compound disclosed by the invention includes an anionic portion combined with at least one cationic portion Mm+ in sufficient numbers to ensure overall electronic neutrality; the compound is further comprised of M as a hydroxonium, a nitrosonium NO+, an ammonium —NH4+, a metallic cation with the valence m, an organic cation with the valence m, or an organometallic cation with the valence m. The anionic load is carried by a pentacyclical nucleus of tetrazapentalene derivative bearing electroattractive substituents. The compounds can be used notably for ionic conducting materials, electronic conducting materials, colorant, and the catalysis of various chemical reactions.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及其中阴离子负荷已经离域的离子化合物。 本发明公开的化合物包括足够数量的与至少一个阳离子部分M + H +结合的阴离子部分以确保整体电子中性; 该化合物进一步包含作为氢氧化物的M,亚硝酸铵,铵,铵,铵,价铵的金属阳离子 m,m价的有机阳离子或m价的有机金属阳离子。 阴离子负载由带有电吸引取代基的四嗪基衍生物的五环核承载。 这些化合物可以特别用于离子导电材料,电子导电材料,着色剂和各种化学反应的催化。
Abstract:
A method for separation of a racemic isomer and a meso isomer from a mixture of a racemic isomer and a meso isomer of a compound shown by the general formula null1null 1 (wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a lower alkyl group or a cyano group, which are different from each other, R3 and R4 are each independently a lower alkyl group, and R5 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkoxy group), which comprises treating the mixture with a water soluble organic solvent.
Abstract:
The invention is a proton conductor in liquid form, comprising a mixture of the following components: (a) an acid addition salt of a nitrogen base, having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, Z.sub.3 and Z.sub.4, identical or different, each represent a group --N.dbd. or --C(Y.sub.i).dbd. in which Y.sub.i represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an oxoalkyl or azaalkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least one and at most two of the groups Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, Z.sub.3 and Z.sub.4 represents --N.dbd., two adjacent carbon atoms being optionally hydrogenated and the nitrogen base optionally being part of a polymeric network, and X.sup.- represents an anion derived from an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids of formula R.sub.F SO.sub.3 H, sulfonimides of formula (R.sub.F SO.sub.2) (R'.sub.F SO.sub.2)NH and methylides of formula (R.sub.F SO.sub.2) (R'.sub.F SO.sub.2) CH.sub.2 or (R.sub.F S.sub.2) (R'.sub.F SO.sub.2) (R".sub.F SO.sub.2)CH, in which R.sub.F, R'.sub.F and R".sub.F each represents a radical F(CF.sub.2).sub.n --, n being comprised between 0 and 6, the acid optionally being part of a polymeric network; and (b) a nitrogen base having the formula: ##STR2## in which Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, Z.sub.3 and Z.sub.4 have the aforesaid meanings, the nitrogen base optionally being part of a polymeric network; components (a) and (b) being present in proportions to form a composition having a melting point lower than 25.degree. C. The proton conductor is useful as an electrolyte in various electrochemical systems.
Abstract:
The invention provides an optical method which permits, with the aid of 6 simple measurements, a conclusion regarding the suitability of antennas (groups which can absorb electromagnetic radiation) for incorporation into photoaddressable polymers.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for preparing compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and Ar are as defined in the description, by reaction of a compound of formula (I) with a compound of formula (II) according to the following reaction scheme: ##STR2## The compounds of formula (IV) are useful as pesticides.
Abstract:
This invention relates to copolymers of molecular mass of between 5,000 and 300,000, consisting of a hydrophilic central portion, for example a polyacrylamide chain, and of hydrophobic ends the hydrophobicity of which is comparable with that of alkyl groups containing 4-20 carbons. They are produced by polymerization of hydrophilic monomers with the aid of initiators, for example of azo type, the hydrophobic residues of which will constitute the hydrophobic ends of the final copolymer. These copolymers are useful for rheological control of aqueous and/or pigmented compositions, like paints.