摘要:
Methods and apparatus for continuously extruding a hydraulically settable mixture and simultaneously placing continuous filaments within the extruding mixture to yield articles having a filament-reinforced, hydraulically settable matrix. The filaments can be placed within the mixtures in a parallel configuration, a helical configuration, or combinations thereof, in order to yield an article having the desired properties of, e.g., tensile strength, flexural strength, hoop strength, burst strength, toughness, and elongation ability. The desired properties of the hydraulically settable mixture, as well as of the cured hydraulically settable matrix of the hardened article, may also be adjusted by including varying amounts and types of aggregates, discontinuous fibers, binders, rheology-modifying agents, dispersants, or other admixtures within the hydraulically settable mixture. Optimizing the particle packing density while including a deficiency of water yields a hydraulically settable mixture which will flow when an extrusion pressure is applied but be form stable upon being extruded.
摘要:
A design optimization process used to determine the proportions of sand, cement, coarse aggregate, water, fly ash, water reducers, air entraining agents and fillers needed to produce a concrete mixture that has desired strength and slump properties and a minimal cost. The optimization process comprises a combination of models that accurately reflect the properties of a concrete mixture based on the properties of its individual components. The process is further capable of optimizing the durability of the cementitious mixture and of accurately calculating the expected yield of the mixture.
摘要:
Compositions, methods, and apparatus for manufacturing sheets having a highly inorganically filled matrix. Suitable inorganically filled mixtures are prepared by mixing together an organic polymer binder, water, one or more aggregate materials, fibers, and optional admixtures in the correct proportions in order to form a sheet which has the desired performance criteria. The inorganically filled mixtures are formed into sheets by first extruding the mixtures and then passing the extruded materials between a set of rollers. The rolled sheets are dried in an accelerated manner to form a substantially hardened sheet, such as by heated rollers and/or a drying chamber. The inorganically filled sheets may have properties substantially similar to sheets presently made from traditional materials like paper, paperboard, polystyrene, plastic, or metal. Such sheets can be cut, rolled, pressed, scored, perforated, folded, and glued to fashion articles from the sheets. They have especial utility in the mass production of containers, particularly food and beverage containers.
摘要:
The invention relates to footwear additives made using recycled materials. In particular, the invention relates to an additive used in the formation of an article of footwear where the additive comprises finely divided recycled footwear materials. The recycled footwear materials may be scraps generated during the manufacture of the article of footwear, or defective or used articles of footwear. The additive materials can be selected from the group consisting of leather, cotton, thermoplastics, synthetic and natural rubber, millable/partially crosslinked polyurethane, and synthetic fibers. The thermoplastics include polyamides, polyesters and polyurethanes.
摘要:
A process of preparation of collagen containing in major proportion insoluble collagen is disclosed, including rinsing and washing the collagenic tissue, acidifying the ground material pH value 1 to 4 to get a collagenic paste which is diluted in a diluting solution to get the collagen gel having a concentration in collagen lower than about 2.5 by weight expressed in dry collagen, and performing a shearing stirring at high speed producing ultrasonic effect to get a substantially homogeneous collagenic gel. The collagen has improved mechanical resistance and thermal stability.
摘要:
A method is provided for fabricating a shaped article from aqueous collagen-containing materials. A dispersion containing collagen and a surfactant is cast upon a mold of thermoplastic material and dried by a ramped drying profile under controlled conditions of relative humidity and temperature. The controlled drying allows for initial renaturation of the collagen dispersion then drying at high humidity to form a product with minimal residual stress.
摘要:
Disclosed are blendpolymers prepared by suspending at least one protein-containing material and at least one polysaccharide-containing material in at least one solvent, by heating the suspension up to 50.degree. C. until at least 50% of the protein-containing and polysaccharide-containing materials are dissolved, then cooling the mixture down to room temperature and evaporating the solvent. These blendpolymers can be used to manufacture moulded objects, in particular, articles of daily use, preferably bio-compatible articles, such as containers, capsules, foils or films.
摘要:
A rubber composition containing a powdered leather of a dispersion mixture comprising from 10 to 400 parts by weight of a powdered leather with a skin component of greater than 75% by weight, a total amount of Na.sup.+ ions and Ca.sup.2+ ions extractable with water of less than 0.5% by weight and an average grain size D.sub.50 of from 10 .mu.m to 250 .mu.m, and 100 parts by weight of rubber obtained from a raw material for the powdered leather by performing coarse pulverization, water washing, dewatering, steams swelling, drying and powderization and then separation into particles of a desired average grain size depending on the purpose of use, as well as a molding product obtained from the rubber composition.
摘要:
A process for extracting type I collagen from an avian source such as poultry feet that incorporates a fibrillar mass of connective tissue as well as bony tissue to yield a collagen product having useful medical and biotechnology applications. In this process, after being cleaned and decontaminated, the poultry feet are comminuted and then enzyme-treated to enhance the yield. The enzyme-treated comminuted material which is rich in collagen is dispersed in an organic acid to cause the fibrillar mass to undergo controlled swelling, after which the mass is separated from the bony tissue and purified to remove non-collangenous material. The purified mass is dried to provide the desired Type I collagen product which may be ground into a powder or formed into a collagen matrix or sponge, depending on the end use therefor.